Hailin City, Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province

Hailin Hailin City is a county-level city in Heilongjiang Province, located in the southeast of Heilongjiang Province, is a mountainous and hilly area, 286 kilometers away from the provincial capital Harbin, only 12 kilometers away from Mudanjiang city. The landform is characterized by "nine mountains, half water and half farmland". The administrative region of Hailin City covers a total area of 8711 square kilometers, with a total cultivated area of 1.39 million mu (including three forest industry bureaus, Shanshi dairy farms, excluding Hailin farm), and governs 8 towns and 112 administrative villages. The total population is 420000 (in 2015, the non-agricultural population is 267000 and the agricultural population is 153000), of which 147000 are resident in the city (30000 in Hailin Bureau, 60000 in Chaihe Bureau, 43000 in Dahailin Bureau, 7000 in Hailin farm and 7000 in Shanshi dairy farm). The urban area is 22 square kilometers (including the Development Zone), with a population of 150000. There are 21 ethnic minorities, including Korean, Manchu, Hui and Mongolian, of which the Korean population is 30000.

Langlang river is one of the birthplaces of Manchu culture. It is the general's residence of Qingning ancient pagoda. There are 16 historical sites since the Shang and Zhou dynasties. The Jinyuan culture, Bohai culture and ningguta Liuren culture, which are known as the three historical and cultural highlights of Heilongjiang Province, have left traces in Hailin. It is the place where the story of a book "the forest sea and the snow", a play "seizing the mighty Tiger Mountain", takes place. It is the place where the famous scout hero Yang Zirong fights and dies.

Hailin is known as "forest sea and snow land", "China snow town", "China Tiger Town" and "China Hericium town". It has won the titles of National Sustainable Development Experimental Zone, UN Habitat sustainable city plan pilot city, charming city with Chinese characteristics, China Excellent Tourism City, National Garden City, national health city and national safe city.

Historical evolution

Hailin is a transliteration of Manchu, which is named for its location on the Bank of Langlang river. Langlang river is originated from "Hailan woji" in zhangguangcailing, and "Hailan woji" means "Yushulin" in Manchu. In 1948, when Xinhai and Wulin counties were merged, they were named after the original county name.

Since the late Paleolithic period, human beings have been living and reproducing in Hailin. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, it was the original map country in China that paid tribute to the Central Plains. There are data and literature records that in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, stone crossbows, mink skins, haidongqing and other valuable items were paid to the Central Plains.

Since the Han and Jin Dynasties, although most of them were autonomous by indigenous peoples, they were canonized by the Central Plains. In the Han Dynasty, there were counties, in the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were Wei He Si in the Ming Dynasty, and after the middle of the Ming Dynasty, there were Dudu, all of which were knights in the Central Plains.

In the Qing Dynasty, when the Manchu came to the Central Plains, there were such yamen as angbang Zhangjing, ningguta general, etc., which became the military and political center of a large area of northeast Changbai Mountain, Heilongjiang Basin and Kuye island. It is under the jurisdiction of ningguta vice capital.

In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, it was under the jurisdiction of Ning'an Prefecture and Ning'an county.

After the victory of the Anti Japanese war in 1945, on August 15, 1946, Xinan town, Hailin, Hengdaohezi, Shanshi and other areas in the north of Ning'an county were designated as Xinhai County, with the county government stationed in Hailin. At the beginning, it belonged to Suining Province, then to Mudanjiang District, Mudanjiang Province, and then to Songjiang province.

On October 4, 1948, the Songjiang provincial government decided to merge Wulin county and Xinhai County into Hailin county. The county government is located in Mudanjiang City and is directly under the jurisdiction of Songjiang province. In August 1954, after the merger of the two provinces, Heilongjiang Province was directly under the central government.

On March 6, 1956, the State Council decided to abolish Hailin county and put the original area of Hailin County under the jurisdiction of Ning'an County, Linkou county and Mudanjiang city.

On October 20, 1962, the State Council decided to restore Hailin county. Seven townships, Hailin, Hengdaohezi, Changting, Hainan, Shihe, Xin'an and Jiujie, originally assigned by Hailin county to Ning'an County, and three townships, Chaihe, erdaohezi and sandaohezi, originally assigned by Hailin county to Linkou County, were designated as administrative regions of Hailin county. County People's Committee in Hailin Town, under the jurisdiction of Mudanjiang district. On September 3, 1983, Mudanjiang district was abolished and put under the leadership of Mudanjiang city.

On July 28, 1992, the State Council approved the abolition of Hailin county and the establishment of Hailin City (county level). It is managed by Mudanjiang city.

administrative division

In 1996, Hailin City covers an area of 9877.8 square kilometers. It has jurisdiction over 7 towns and 5 townships: Hailin Town, Changting Town, Chaihe Town, Hengdaohezi Town, Shanshi Town, erdaohezi Town, Xin'an Korean town, Jiujie Township, Shihe Township, Xinhe Township, sandaohezi Township and Hainan Korean township. The municipal government is located in Hailin town.

In 2001, township regionalization adjustment, the Old Street Township merged into Changting Town, Shihe Township and Xinhe Township merged into Hailin town

In 2005, Hailin had jurisdiction over 8 towns and 1 township: Hailin Town, Changting Town, Hengdao Town, Shanshi Town, Chaihe Town, Erdao Town, Xin'an Korean town, Sandao town and Hainan Korean township. There are also Dahailin Forestry Bureau, Hailin Forestry Bureau, Chaihe Forestry Bureau, etc.

In 2009, the reply of Heilongjiang Provincial Department of Civil Affairs on adjusting some administrative divisions of Mudanjiang City (No. 121 of Heimin District): it was agreed that the renovation system of Hainan Korean nationality township under the jurisdiction of Hailin City should be put under the jurisdiction of Xi'an District of Mudanjiang City (officially implemented on May 19, 2010).

In 2010, it has jurisdiction over 8 towns: Hailin Town, Changting Town, Hengdao Town, Shanshi Town, Chaihe Town, Erdao Town, Xin'an Korean town and Sandao town.

geographical environment

Location context

Hailin City is located in the southeast of Heilongjiang Province, is located in Changbai Mountains zhangguangcai Ling east foot, known as the "forest sea snow" said. The geographical coordinates are 44 ° 02 '- 45 ° 38' n and 128 ° 03 '- 129 ° 57' E. It borders Mudanjiang City and Linkou County in the East, Ning'an city in the south, Shangzhi City and Wuchang City in the west, fangzheng County in the north, and Dunhua City in Jilin Province in the southwest.

topographic features

Hailin City belongs to mountainous area and hilly and shallow mountain area, and its geomorphic feature is "nine mountains, half water, half farmland". The territory is wide from north to South and narrow from east to west. It extends obliquely from northeast to southwest, slightly curved and shaped like a sleeping silkworm. The terrain is high in the West and low in the East, with the highest altitude of 1689.9 meters in the southwest and the lowest altitude of 160 meters in mulanji village in the northeast, with an average altitude of 400-500 meters.

climate

Hailin is a cold temperate continental monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, pleasant climate and short frost free period. Spring and autumn are short, climate is changeable, summer is hot and rainy, winter is long and cold. The annual average temperature is 4.4 ℃, and the extreme minimum and maximum temperatures over the years are - 38.8 ℃ and 37.6 ℃ respectively. The rainfall is abundant, but the distribution is uneven. The annual average rainfall is 540mm. The annual average sunshine is 2356.6 hours. The annual average wind speed is 1.7 m / s, and the maximum wind direction is northwest wind. Across the second, third and fourth accumulated temperature zones, the average active accumulated temperature is 2100 – 2500 degrees, the average annual frost free period is 131 days, and the average annual precipitation is 540 mm.

soil

The soil is mainly dark brown soil, accounting for 88.8% of the land area. Meadow soil, black soil and Albic Soil account for 4.2%, 1.6% and 1.5% respectively. The rest are paddy soil and swamp soil.

rivers

Hailin City belongs to Mudanjiang River system. Mudanjiang River basin covers an area of 4677 square kilometers in the north and Langlang river basin covers an area of 5225 square kilometers in the south. There are 144 rivers running all year round in Hailin City. The main rivers are Langlang River, toudao River, erdaohezi, sandaohezi, etc., which flow into Mudanjiang from west to East. The hydropower reserve is 5.6 million kilowatts, and the total length of the river is 2930 km.

Mudanjiang originates from mudanling of Changbai Mountains in Jilin Province, flows through Ning'an county and Mudanjiang City in Heilongjiang Province, and enters Hailin City near changantun of Chaihe town. From south to north, it flows through Chaihe, erdaohezi and sandaohezi villages and towns. From mulanji village, it looks out of Tianling in the north. In the city, the flow section is 100 kilometers long and 195-233 meters wide. In erdaohezi Town, there is a section of rapids only 30 meters wide, with a water depth of 0.4-6 meters, an average of 2 meters, and a flow velocity of 0.7 meters per second.

Wave River originated in the southwest of the city zhangguangcailing tudingzi, big tudingshan area, known as hailanwoji in ancient times. Langlang river is a primary tributary of Mudanjiang River. It originates from 18 small rivers and has a total length of 213 km. The water quality of the reach above Changting town is grade I, and that of the reach from Changting town to Hailin town and the downstream of Lianhua Lake is grade II.

Douyinhe river flows into Langlang River from north to south through Hailin urban area. The total area of douyinhe river basin is 99.6km2, belonging to the first-class tributary on the left bank of Langlang River and the second-class tributary of Mudanjiang River, with a total length of 19.5km.

Toudao river is the first large tributary of Mudanjiang River after it enters Hailin City, so it is named. It originates in the west of Hengdaohezi town at the junction of Hailin county and Shangzhi County of zhangguangcailing, flows through the north of Hengdaohezi town and the whole territory of Chaihe Town, and flows into Mudanjiang River in the north of Beizhan village of Chaihe Town, with a flow length of 63 km and a drainage area of 859.1 km2.

natural resources

Hailin is located at the east foot of zhangguangcailing, the branch of Changbai Mountain. It is rich in forest resources. There are three forest industry bureaus, with a forest coverage rate of 78%, more than 50% higher than the national average level. The volume of standing trees is 160 million cubic meters, which is one of the key forest production and processing bases in China. It is backed by the main timber producing areas in the Far East of Russia, with a volume of 22 billion cubic meters, passing through Suifen river every year Nearly 9 million cubic meters of timber were imported at the port.

There are 36 kinds of mineral resources, such as gold, iron, magnesium, stone and so on. There is the second largest high temperature geothermal field in China after the Yangbajing Geothermal Field in Tibet, which has great potential for comprehensive development.

In the early days of liberation, there were abundant wild animals in the mountains and forests. With the development of forest areas, the number of wild animals is decreasing. In 1985, the Siberian tiger disappeared. There are also bears, wild boars, sable, otter and other precious fur animals, deer, Swertia and other national second class protected animals.

Population nationality

Hailin, 1996

Chinese PinYin : Hei Long Jiang Sheng Mu Dan Jiang Shi Hai Lin Shi