Hailar District, Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Hailar District Hailar District, subordinate to Hulunbuir city of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is the seat of Hulunbuir Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China and Hulunbuir Municipal People's government, and the political, economic, cultural, medical, educational, transportation, information and tourism center of Hulunbuir city. Hailar District is located in the northeast of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and southwest of Hulunbeier city. Its geographical coordinates are between 119 ° 28 ′ ~ 120 ° 34 ′ E and 49 ° 06 ′ ~ 49 ° 28 ′ n. It is 77 km long from east to west and 40 km wide from north to south, covering an area of 1319.8 square kilometers. It borders Ewenki Autonomous Banner in the East and south, and chenbalhu banner in the West and North. The shortest distance from the border between China and Russia is 110 kilometers, and the shortest distance from the border between China and Mongolia is 160 kilometers. There are Binzhou railway, 301 National Road and G10 Suiman Expressway and other main roads.

In 2018, the registered residence population of Hailar district was 285 thousand, and the gross domestic product (GDP) reached 19 billion 228 million 960 thousand yuan.

Evolution of organizational system

Donghu is an ancient nomadic people living in Hailaer area.

In the first year of huhai (209bc), the Xiongnu attacked the Donghu nationality and established the first nomadic regime in Chinese history, Xiongnu. Hailar was under the jurisdiction of Zuoxian royal court.

During the Han Dynasty, the Huns harassed the border. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Wei Qing to the north to March the Huns to the Luqu River (today's Kelulun River), which was the beginning of the Chinese troops to Hulunbuir. The Huns were destroyed, and the Xianbei people occupied their hometown. In the first century AD, the Tuoba tribe of Xianbei, a descendant of Donghu nationality, gradually became strong and moved to Daze through Hailar River, which was under the jurisdiction of the eastern Xianbei tribal alliance

In the Sui Dynasty, Turks were strong and powerful, and they were their territories.

The Tang Dynasty destroyed Turks, and Hailar area was under the jurisdiction of Shiwei Dudu Fu. The extinction of Turks made the Shiwei Tatars move westward gradually, and Hulunbuir was the land of Shiwei Tatars.

In the Song Dynasty, the Qidan people regained their power and established the Liao state. Shiwei belonged to all of them, and Hailaer belonged to the jurisdiction of the military department of the ancient enemy lietong.

After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, Hailar area was under the jurisdiction of helinlu, lingbeihang Province, and Hulunbeier area was granted to hesaer, Genghis Khan's younger brother.

In the third year of Yongle (1405) of the Ming Dynasty, a thousand seathorn houses were set up in the Hailaer River Basin, which belonged to nurgan Dusi's Gunan River guard. With kailaer shoes, he is still a nomadic land in Mongolia.

In the early Qing Dynasty, the nomadic tribes in Hulunbeier returned to the Qing Dynasty from Tiancong to Chongde. In the Qing Dynasty, the whole territory of Hulunbeier was under the direct control of the imperial court. In 1683, it was under the jurisdiction of Heilongjiang general. In the late Qing Dynasty, Hulunbuir city was also called Hailar City because it was near Hailar River. The former Hulunbeier city is called "city" or "old street", which is under the jurisdiction of Hulunbeier Deputy capital. The housing market gradually formed from both sides of the railway to the East-West junction street is called "Hailaer", which is under the jurisdiction of Dongqing railway negotiation sub Bureau. In 1907, Hailar belonged to Heilongjiang Province.

At the beginning of the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Hailar was subordinate to Hulunbuir local autonomous government, where the government was located.

In 1915, Hulunbeier was a "special region" and was directly controlled by the central government of the Republic of China.

In 1922, Hailar was under the jurisdiction of Hulunbeier deputy Dutong yamen, Hulun County Office and Hailar railway negotiation branch of Zhongdong road.

In March 1927, Hailaer new street was recognized as a township, and the Municipal Bureau was changed to Hailaer Township Office of the special region of eastern province.

In 1929, Hulun County Office was changed to Hulun county government. In November of the same year, the Soviet army captured Hailar and established the "Hailar Soviet government", which was automatically cancelled when the Soviet and Mongolian troops withdrew.

In 1931, Japanese imperialism invaded the northeast. On December 5, Hailar fell.

After the founding of Manchuria in March 1932, Hailar belonged to the northern part of Xing'an and was the capital of the province.

Hailaer office was established in 1933 to exercise all the administrative jurisdiction outside the railway subsidiary.

In October 1934, the northern part of Xing'an was changed into the northern part of Xing'an, and Hailaer was still the capital of the province.

In March 1935, all the powers under the jurisdiction of Hailar township government office and Hailar office were merged and unified under the jurisdiction of Hailar municipal administration office.

In May 1940, Hailaer was designated as the city of Hailaer. The Hailar Municipal Administration Office was abolished and a municipal office was set up.

In October 1945, Hulunbuir autonomous provincial government was established in Hailar, which governs Hailar City. The original "Hailar municipal autonomous office" was renamed "Hailar municipal government".

In January 1948, Hulunbuir local autonomous government was renamed Hulunbuir League government, which was subordinate to Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Hailar City belongs to Hulunbeier League.

On April 11, 1949, Hulunbuir League and Nawen Muren League were merged into "Hulunbuir Nawen Muren League", which governs Hailar City.

On April 1, 1953, the eastern administrative office of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was established and the establishment of Huna League was abolished. Hailar is a municipality directly under the central government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and its work is entrusted to the eastern administrative office.

On April 30, 1954, the eastern district administrative office was abolished and the Hulunbeier League people's government was established. Hulunbeier League governs Hailar City, and the League government is located in Hailar City.

In August 1969, Hailar City was transferred into Heilongjiang Province with Hulunbeier League.

In July 1979, it was transferred back to Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from Heilongjiang Province and still belongs to Hulunbeier League.

In October 2001, the State Council approved Hulunbuir League to withdraw from the league and establish a city as the resident of Hulunbuir Municipal People's government.

In February 2002, Hailar City at county level was abolished and Hailar District of Hulunbuir city was established.

administrative division

Hailar District has a total of 8 township administrative districts, including 6 streets and 2 towns, which are Shengli Street, Hulun street, Jiankang street, Zhengyang Street, Kaoshan street, Jianshe street, hake town and toudou town.

geographical environment

Location context

Hailar is located in the northwest of Northeast China, the northeast of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the southwest of Hulunbeier City, and the junction zone between the low mountains and hills at the West foot of Daxinganling and the eastern edge of Hulunbeier high plain. Its geographical coordinates are between 119 ° 28 ′ ~ 120 ° 34 ′ e and 49 ° 06 ′ ~ 49 ° 28 ′ n.

topographic features

Hailaer area is high in the East and low in the west, belonging to the "Hailaer inland fault basin", with an altitude of 603.0-776.6 meters and a relative elevation difference of more than 170 meters. There are three geological units, two tectonic platforms in the East Mt. sheltala and Hailaer basin. The former is mainly high flat land, while the latter is mainly low flat land and river flat land. The geomorphic types can be divided into low mountains and hills, high flat land, low flat land and river flat land.

climate

Hailaer belongs to semi-arid continental grassland climate of middle temperate zone. Due to the high latitude, far away from the ocean, and the barrier effect of the Great Xing'an Mountains, the influence of the humid marine climate group is weakened. Most of the time, under the control of the Siberian high pressure, the following regional climate characteristics are formed: strong wind and less rain in spring, large evaporation; cool and short temperature in summer, concentrated precipitation; rapid cooling in autumn, early frost; long and cold winter, low ground temperature The snow lasts a long time. The annual average temperature is - 1 ℃ to - 2 ℃, the average low temperature in January (the coldest month) is - 30.83 ℃, and the average high temperature in July (the hottest month) is 25.84 ℃. The average annual precipitation is 350-370mm, the average precipitation in January is 3.79mm, and the average precipitation in July is 99.38mm. The average annual sunshine hours are 2800 hours. The average frost free period is 130 days, and the low temperature is more than 0 ℃ from May to September.

hydrology

Hailaer district belongs to Heilongjiang Basin. Hailar surface water includes Hailar River, Yimin River, lakes and swamps.

Hailar River originates at the foot of jiluchina mountain in Daxing'an Mountains, with a total length of 743 kilometers and a drainage area of 54713.3 square kilometers. It flows into Hailar District through Yakeshi, with a length of 123.47 kilometers and an average annual runoff of 2.32 billion cubic meters. It runs through the whole territory from east to West and flows into chenbalhu banner 1.5 kilometers behind the dam in the north of the city.

Yimin river originates from the foot of Mushan mountain in the south of Daxing'an Mountains, with a total length of 394 km and a drainage area of 22697 square kilometers. It is a first-class tributary of Hailar River. It flows into Hailar District through Beier bridge in the southern suburb of the urban area of Ewenki banner, and flows into Hailar River in a "t" shape in the north of the urban area. The river flowing through the sea area is 13.95 km long, with an average annual runoff of 1.15 billion cubic meters.

The runoff of the two crossing rivers shows the characteristics of extremely uneven annual distribution. The runoff from May to September accounts for 77.1% of the whole year, while the runoff from November to next April only accounts for 4.1%. At the same time, the interannual variation of runoff is also large, Q < sub > Max < / sub > / Q < sub > min < / sub > can reach more than 4 times.

natural resources

mineral resources

There are more than 40 kinds of minerals such as gold, silver, molybdenum, lead, copper and oil in Hailar District. As of 2008, the reserves of sheltala iron zinc mine in Hailar District are 58.51 million tons; Dayan coalfield and chenqibaorixile coalfield extend to Hailar District

Chinese PinYin : Nei Meng Gu Zi Zhi Qu Hu Lun Bei Er Shi Hai La Er Qu