Luding County, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province

Luding County Luding County is located in the southeast of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. It is located in the transition zone from Qinghai Tibet Plateau to Sichuan Basin. It borders Tianquan and Yingjing in the East, Kangding and Jiulong in the west, and Shimian County in the south. It is the only way to Tibet and Sichuan. The county is 236.2km away from Chengdu and 49km away from Kangding. With an altitude of 1321 meters, the county has 7 towns, 5 townships and 145 administrative villages, covering an area of 2165.35 square kilometers. There are 17 ethnic groups including Han, Tibetan and Yi living in the county, with a total population of 8706500 at the end of 2017. It is a mountainous multi-ethnic county with the smallest land area, relatively high educational level of population, the densest population and rapid economic development. It is also a regional business center in the east of Ganzi Prefecture and a supply base of agricultural and sideline products for counties in Ganzi Prefecture. It is known as the "East Gate" of Ganzi Prefecture. It enjoys the reputation of "red city".

In 2018, the county's GDP reached 1.911 billion yuan.

In August 2018, with the approval of the provincial government, Luding officially withdrew from the poverty-stricken counties, becoming the second batch of counties in the province and the first county in the prefecture to take off the "hat" of poverty-stricken counties, winning the honor of "the province's top County in 2017".

Luding is one of the important tourist attractions in Western Sichuan. There are Erlang mountain, Gongga Mountain, Yanzigou and Hailuogou Glacier forest park. On May 29, 1935, the Red Army of Chinese workers and peasants won the great victory of flying over Luding Bridge here. Therefore, Luding became a famous revolutionary historical city. Luding Bridge and the monument of flying over Luding Bridge by the Red Army also became one of the national bases of youth patriotism education.

Historical evolution

In 1706, the governor of Sichuan Province decided to build a Tiesuo bridge in Anle of Dadu River. After the bridge was completed, Emperor Kangxi gave it the name of "Luding Bridge". When the county was established, it was named after the bridge.

Luding County has a long history, and its construction began in the early Han Dynasty.

In the first year of Wude, Emperor Gaozu of Tang Dynasty, Jialiang county and Dadu county were set up, and Jinle county was set up instead of Jin county.

Song Dynasty carried out the management system of Jizhou.

In Yuan and Ming Dynasties, chieftain system was carried out, including chieftain in Changhe, chieftain in lengbian and chieftain in Shenbian.

In the third year of Xuantong, the Qing Dynasty set up Luding Bridge Committee.

In 1912, Luding County and Hualin county were set up. In 1913, Hualin county was changed to xianzuo county. Luding was a single county under the government of Xikang province.

Luding was liberated in March 1950. From January to September 1956, it belonged to Ya'an Prefecture. In October 1956, it was transferred to Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.

In 1997, it had jurisdiction over 4 towns and 8 townships. Moxi town was directly managed by the people's Government of Ganzi Prefecture and was named Hailuogou Administration Bureau.

In 2016, with the approval of Sichuan Provincial People's government, three townships of Detuo, Chaoba and Xinxing were withdrawn to build towns, and Xinxing township was renamed Yanzigou town. So far, Luding County has jurisdiction over seven towns (Luqiao, lengqi, Moxi, Xinglong, Detuo, Chaoba and Yanzigou) and five townships (lan'an, Tianba, chuni, Jiajun and Dewei).

In December 2019, Sichuan Provincial People's Government approved Ganzi Prefecture to adjust the administrative divisions of some towns in six counties (cities), including Kangding city

(1) Tianba township was abolished and its administrative area was put under the jurisdiction of Luqiao town. Luqiao Town People's government was stationed at No. 17, group 2, Tianba village.

(2) Chuni township was abolished and its administrative area was put under the jurisdiction of lengqi town. The people's Government of lengqi town was stationed at No. 216, group 3, Tongzilin village.

(3) Dewei Township and Jiajun Township were abolished and Dewei town was established. The administrative area of Dewei town was the former Dewei Township and the administrative area of Jiajun township. The people's Government of Dewei town was located at No. 113, group 1, zanwei village.

administrative division

Luding County covers an area of 2165.35 square kilometers, and has jurisdiction over 7 towns and 5 townships (Luqiao Town, lengqi Town, Xinglong Town, Detuo Town, Chaoba Town, Moxi Town, Yanzigou Town, lan'an Township, Tianba Township, chuni Township, Jiajun Township and Dewei township), 7 residents' committees, 19 residents' groups, 145 villagers' committees and 179 villagers' groups.

Population nationality

At the end of 2017, the total population was 8706500, with a natural growth rate of - 3.74%. There are 17 nationalities, including Han, Yi, Tibetan, Qiang, Miao, Hui, Mongolian, Tujia, Susu, man, Yao, Dong, Naxi, Buyi, Bai, Zhuang and Dai.

geographical environment

Location context

Luding County is located in the southeast of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province, at the West foot of Erlang Mountain in the west of Sichuan Province, between Qionglai mountains and Daxue mountains. Dadu River runs through the whole area from north to south. It is connected with Shimian County in the East, 101 ° 46 ′ - 102 ° 25 ′, 29 ° 54 ′ - 30 ° 10 ′. It is 69.2 km long from north to South and 49.9 km wide from east to west. The Sichuan Tibet highway passes through the northeast. It is the throat of entering Tibet and leaving Sichuan. It is known as the east gate of Ganzi Prefecture. Luding County is 236.2km away from Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province in the East, 49km away from Kangding, the capital of Sichuan Province in the west, 112km away from Shimian County in the South and 125km away from Danba County in the north, with a total area of 2165.35km2.

topographic features

Luding County is located in the eastern edge of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, which is the deepest valley of the Western Sichuan Plateau. The geomorphic types range from low and middle mountain gorge area to high and high mountain area.

Luding County is located in the Hengduan Mountains on the southeast edge of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, which is a typical alpine gorge area. The mountains are in a north-south trend. There are many high mountains in the county, with deep valleys, steep walls and crisscross gullies. Many peaks are more than 4000 meters. Among them, Gongga Mountain, which borders Kangding County in the southwest, is the main peak, with an altitude of 7556 meters. It is the highest peak in the province and is known as the "king of Shu mountains". Erlang mountain is 3437 meters above sea level. The horizontal distance between mountains and Dadu River is less than 10 km, and the relative height difference between mountains and valleys is more than 3000 meters. It is characterized by large elevation difference, short slope, steep slope, high mountain and steep slope, wide elevation difference, broken rock mass and exposed rock. It has flat dam, platform, valley, high mountain plain and glacier.

Luding County is located in the transition zone from Sichuan basin to Qinghai Tibet Plateau. It is affected by the southeast and southwest monsoon and the cold air of Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The climate vertical difference is obvious. The area below 1800 meters above sea level belongs to subtropical monsoon climate, which is a famous dry hot valley area. Gongga Mountain, the highest mountain in the county, is 7556 meters above sea level.

climate

Luding is a typical mountain gorge area. The altitude of the county is 1321 meters. The altitude difference in the county is 6570 meters. The mountains are covered with snow all the year round, but the valley has four distinct seasons. It is a typical subtropical monsoon climate. The annual average temperature is 15.5 ℃, the annual rainfall is 664.4 mm, the annual evaporation is 1275.7 mm, the annual average sunshine hours is 1323.6 hours, and the annual frost free period is 279 days. From valley to valley, the climate, vegetation, soil and so on show obvious vertical change law. The flat dam, platform, valley, high mountain, plain, glacier and so on are complete in the territory. It is a typical three-dimensional climate, which is rare in China..

hydrology

Dadu River is the largest river in Luding County. There are 48 perennial mountain streams, with a drainage area of 2020.7 square kilometers. Among them, Moxi, Wandong, Mohe and mujiao are more than 100 square kilometers, with a drainage area of 1307.5 square kilometers and annual flow of 44.446 cubic meters per second.

natural resources

mineral resources

Luding County is located in the north of the Kangdian axis and the east of the North-South compression zone. Various strata of various geological ages are widely exposed in Luding County, which provides good geological and metallogenic conditions and sites for the formation of various minerals.

Luding has a wide range of mineral resources, and there are many kinds of mineral resources. There are more than 30 kinds of proven mineral resources in Luding County, such as lead, zinc, chromium, tungsten, gold, mica, asbestos, manganese, marble, granite, white marble, limestone, gypsum, coal, mineral water and hot spring. The proven reserves are: 220000 tons of lead and zinc, 350000 tons of manganese, 2.18 million tons of iron, 250000 tons of silver, 50 million tons of silica, 25 million tons of limestone, 150000 tons of gypsum, 640000 cubic meters of mineral water and 1.9 billion cubic meters of granite.

Biological resources

Luding is rich in biological resources with different types and varieties of animals and plants. There are 200 families, 800 genera and 3000 species of plants. There are more than 700 kinds of medicinal plants in Luding County, accounting for about 30% of the known species in the prefecture. There are more than 50 kinds of medicinal plants purchased throughout the year. The main medicinal plants are Cordyceps sinensis, Fritillaria, Gastrodia elata, rhubarb, Dioscorea zingiberensis, louchong, Eucommia ulmoides, Angelica sinensis, dangshen, Duhuo, Shouwu, etc.

Wild edible fungi mainly include: Tricholoma matsutake, Auricularia auricula, Morchella esculenta, buckwheat fungus, egg fungus, brush fungus, Hericium erinaceus, etc.

There are many kinds of rare plants, mainly including Taxus chinensis, Machilus kangdingensis, Lianxiang tree, maidiao fir, Ginkgo biloba and more than 40 kinds of precious plants protected by the state.

There are 250 species of wild animals, including 69 species of mammals in 31 families, 167 species of birds in 43 families, 10 species of reptiles in 5 families and 4 species of amphibians in 3 families. Among them, there are 11 species of national first-class protected animals and 49 species of national second-class protected animals. The evergreen broad-leaved forest belt and coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest belt in Hailuogou are the main habitats of rare animals, such as wildebeest, macaque, giant panda, red panda, moschus, rock sheep, red bellied horned pheasant, etc.

Wild vegetable resources are rich, including cabbage, fern, Toona sinensis, acanthopanax senticosus, Houttuynia cordata, etc.

Water resources

By the end of 2010, the total amount of water resources in Luding County was 1.875 billion cubic meters, with an average runoff depth of 927.9 mm

Chinese PinYin : Si Chuan Sheng Gan Zi Cang Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Lu Ding Xian