Fangzheng County, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province

Fangzheng County, under the jurisdiction of Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, is located in the south central part of Heilongjiang Province, on the South Bank of the middle reaches of the Songhua River, at the northwest foot of the north section of zhangguangcailing, a branch of Changbai Mountain, and at the lower reaches of masihe river. Its geographical location is between 128 ° 13 ′ 41 ″ - 129 ° 33 ′ 20 ″ E and 45 ° 32 ′ 46 ″ - 46 ° 09 ′ 00 ″ n. It faces Tonghe County across the river in the north, Yilan County in the East, Linkou county and Hailin County in the southeast, Shangzhi county and Yanshou County in the south, and Bin County in the West. The town where the county government is located is 186 kilometers away from Harbin, the provincial capital. The total area is 2969.369 square kilometers. As of 2017, fangzheng county has jurisdiction over four towns and four townships. The county government is located in Fangzheng town. In 2016, the total population of Fangzheng county was 225639.

Fangzheng county is named after "Fangzheng Pao" in the north of the county. In the Qing Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Jilin general. In the late Qing Dynasty, fangzhengpao area was under the jurisdiction of Datong County (now Tonghe county). On June 2, 1909 (April 15, the first year of Xuantong in the Qing Dynasty), the Qing government approved that the place of fangzhengpao in Jiangnan, which belonged to Datong County, was set up as Fangzheng County, which was stationed in fangzhengpao street and subordinate to Yilan Prefecture. In April 1991, it was changed to be under the jurisdiction of Harbin city. In Fangzheng County, Tongsan (Tongjiang Sanya), neji (Nehe Jixi) high-grade highway and Tietong (Tieli Tongyu) provincial trunk line meet in Fangzheng county. Fangzheng county is the birthplace of dry breeding and sparse planting technology of rice in cold regions of China, the national breeding base of silver crucian carp, the hometown of Chinese Fangzheng rice, the hometown of Chinese folk culture and art, the national demonstration county of ecological construction, and the hometown of overseas Chinese with northeast characteristics.

The climate of Fangzheng county belongs to cold temperate continental monsoon climate, with little wind and heavy rain in spring, hot and rainy in summer, cool and dry in autumn, and long, cold and dry in winter. Fangzheng county is a key rice producing area in Heilongjiang Province with suitable climate and unique geography. In 2017, the GDP of Fangzheng county was 6.56 billion yuan.

Historical evolution

In the Neolithic age, there are traces of human activities in Fangzheng county.

In Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, fangzheng county was a place of Sushen.

During the Warring States period and the Sui and Tang Dynasties, fangzheng County belonged to Fuyu, Wuji, and then to Pei.

In Tang, song, Liao and Jin Dynasties, founder belonged to Bohai Kingdom, Nuzhen migration unit and Shangjing road Huining fuqujiang county.

In the Yuan Dynasty, it belonged to huerhawan house on Kaiyuan Road and later to shuidada road in Nuzhen.

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, fangzheng County belonged to nurgan Dusi, Ninggu ta'ang gang Zhangjing, and the three surnames were vice Butong.

In 1907, a province was set up in the northeast of China, and Datong County was established under the jurisdiction of ten banners Gongtian Bureau in fangzhengpao area. Datong county belongs to Yilan Road, Jilin Province.

In 1908, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces were divided by Songhua River.

In June 1909, the first year of Xuantong in the Qing Dynasty, Datong County moved to fangzhengpao area on the South Bank of Songhua River. The county was named after Pao and established Fangzheng County, which was built in the Gongtian of fangzhengpaonan ten banners. Fangzheng county is under the jurisdiction of Jilin Province.

In 1929, the system of Daoism was abolished, which was under the direct jurisdiction of Jilin Province.

In December 1934, fangzheng county was divided into Sanjiang province.

In February 1946, the democratic government of Fangzheng county was established.

In June 1947, fangzheng was assigned to Songjiang Province under the jurisdiction of Hadong special office.

In August 1954, it was transferred to Heilongjiang Province and began to belong to Mudanjiang district.

In September 1979, it was changed to Songhuajiang area.

In April 1991, it was changed to be under the jurisdiction of Harbin city.

In February 2005, the people's Government of Heilongjiang Province approved that Fangzheng county put Jianguo village in Songnan Township and Baming village in yihantong Township under the jurisdiction of Fangzheng town.

administrative division

As of 2017, fangzheng county has jurisdiction over 4 towns, 4 townships, 67 administrative villages and 258 natural villages. The county government is located in Fangzheng town.

geographical environment

Location context

Fangzheng county is located in the central and southern part of Heilongjiang Province, on the South Bank of the middle reaches of Songhua River, at the northwest foot of the north section of zhangguangcailing, a branch of Changbai Mountain, and at the lower reaches of masihe river. Its geographical location is 128 ° 13 ′ 41 ″ - 129 ° 33 ′ 20 ″ E and 45 ° 32 ′ 46 ″ - 46 ° 09 ′ 00 ″ n. It faces Tonghe County across the river in the north, Yilan County in the East, Linkou county and Hailin County in the southeast, Shangzhi county and Yanshou County in the south, and Bin County in the West. The town where the county government is located is 186 kilometers away from Harbin, the provincial capital. The total area is 2969.369 square kilometers.

Geology and geomorphology

Fangzheng county belongs to the western part of the second uplift belt of the Neocathaysian system. Generally speaking, the geological structures in the area can be divided into East-West structural system, Cathaysian structural system, Xinhua structural system, Cathaysian structural system, north-south structural system and north-west structural system.

Fangzheng county belongs to hilly low mountain terrain. The altitude is generally between 300 and 700 meters. Generally speaking, it is higher in the South and lower in the north, higher in the West and lower in the east along the river, and higher in the East and South and lower in the West in mountainous areas. In the West and East, there are semi mountainous areas and mountainous areas, with an altitude of 110 m to 340 M. The eastern and Western blocks erode middle mountain and low mountain. This kind of area is uplifted by block faults and formed into hills by erosion. The weathering is strong and the rocks are rarely exposed. Most of them are covered by luxuriant vegetation.

climate

The climate of Fangzheng county belongs to cold temperate continental monsoon climate, with little wind and heavy rain in spring, hot and rainy in summer, cool and dry in autumn, and long, cold and dry in winter. Fangzheng county is rich in precipitation, with an average annual precipitation of 579.7 mm, belonging to the middle latitude region, and the average annual sunshine hours is 4446 hours. The growth period of field crops is from May to September. The total sunshine hours are 1178 hours, and the sunshine percentage is 54%, with an average of 8 hours per day.

hydrology

Fangzheng County surface water system development, the territory of many rivers, river network, rich in water resources. There are Songhua River, Mazhou River, great Romeo River and little Romeo River, including 18 rivers, including 12 primary tributaries and 6 secondary tributaries. The total length of the river is 429.8 km.

natural resources

Mineral resources

There are more than 20 kinds of mineral resources in Fangzheng County, such as coal, oil shale, placer gold, quartzite, crystal and marble. The proven coal reserves are 25 million tons, the reserves of quartzite, marble and basalt are 3.92 million tons, 8.5 million tons and 7.11 million tons respectively, and there are more than 40 manganese, iron, aluminum, zinc and other mineral occurrences. In particular, the silica content of quartzite is 99.72%, of which guangfushan quartz deposit is the most abundant. The mine is located 11 kilometers southeast of Xinghuo forest farm of Fangzheng Forestry Bureau, more than 80 kilometers away from the county seat. The ore texture is relatively pure. It has been tested by the laboratory of Heilongjiang geology and mineral resources center, and has high development value.

Biological resources

Fangzheng county has a variety of biological resources, including 21 species of mammals, 3 species of reptiles, 2 species of amphibians, 14 species of ornitha, 10 species of Pisces and hundreds of insects. Plant resources: 15 species of trees; 12 species of wild vegetables; 12 species of wild fruits; 10 species of medicinal plants.

Animal resources

Mammals: Amur tiger, lynx, leopard, beaver, rabbit, monkey, wolf, jackal, fox, raccoon dog, boar, sable, weasel, badger, otter, deer, musk deer, roe deer, rat, hedgehog, hare, stone rabbit.

Reptiles: snake, turtle, Heilongjiang grass lizard.

Amphibians: toad, pheasant.

Birds: sparrow hawk, goshawk, red horned parrot, long eared parrot, Rhododendron, cuckoo, woodpecker, kingfisher, rock pigeon, ring necked pheasant, spotted winged bunting, quail, hazelnut, grouse, thrush.

Ichthyoidea: chuatfish, mandarin fish, pike, small scale fish, catfish, grass carp, carp, crucian carp, bighead carp, silver carp.

Insects: bees, dragonflies, butterflies, crickets, snails, grasshoppers, crickets, spiders, mole crickets, cockroaches, ladybugs, blind flies, gadflies, scarabs, qianchuanzi, ants, tide insects and other hundreds of species.

plant resources

Fangzheng county is one of the main timber producing areas in Heilongjiang Province, with a total operating area of 93206 hectares, forestry land area of 85656 hectares and forest land area of 78127 hectares. The volume of standing trees is 7260453 cubic meters, including timber forest area of 29128 hectares, volume of 2196339 cubic meters; shelterbelt area of 48666 hectares, volume of 4922116 cubic meters; economic forest area of 333 hectares, volume of scattered trees of 94545 cubic meters, four side trees of 47440 cubic meters. 2%, 40. 4% and 25. 4% respectively.

Trees: Korean pine, yellow pineapple, Fraxinus mandshurica, Juglans mandshurica, Ulmus pumila, Ulmus pumila, oak, Tilia amurensis, Populus alba, Tilia amurensis, Betula nigra, Betula formosana, Betula platyphylla, Populus cathayana, willow.

Wild vegetables: Pteridium aquilinum, Osmunda japonica, Cantonese cuisine, Chinese cabbage, spinach, leek, eggplant, celery, old mulberry celery, spearhead, cat's paw, daylily.

Wild fruit: nuts, walnuts, hazelnuts, pine nuts, berries, kiwifruit, grape, dice, pear, scarlet, strawberry, raspberry.

Medicinal plants: ginseng, dangshen, Fuling, Pingbei, astragalus, Stellera chamaejasme, mangshanhong, bupleurum, honeysuckle, lily.

water resource

Fangzheng county has Songhua River, Ant River and other four water systems, 21 rivers and rivers, 268 POZE, 8 small and medium-sized reservoirs. The water area is 232 square kilometers, with an average annual runoff of 1.23 billion cubic meters and a total groundwater reserve of 680 million cubic meters. There are three underground mineral springs.

Population nationality

In 2016, the total number of households in Fangzheng county was 101922, with a total population of 225639. The population structure is shown in the table below. There are mainly Han, Hui, Korean, Manchu and other nationalities in Fangzheng county.

Economics

overview

In 2016, fangzheng County implemented

Chinese PinYin : Hei Long Jiang Sheng Ha Er Bin Shi Fang Zheng Xian