Suifenhe City, Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province

Suifenhe City belongs to Mudanjiang city of Heilongjiang Province. Suifenhe City was known as "Lubin River" in Tang Dynasty, "Su Bin River" and "Ji pin River" in Jin Dynasty, "Su pin River" and "Ji pin River" in Ming Dynasty, and "Suifenhe River" in Qing Dynasty. Suifenhe City is named after Suifenhe river. Suifenhe river is a beautiful border mountain city, bordering Russia's coastal border area in the East. The border line is 27 kilometers long, covering an area of 460 square kilometers, with a total population of 69607. Suifenhe town and Funing town are under its jurisdiction.

Suifenhe is not only an important window and bridge for Northeast China to open to the outside world and participate in the international division of labor, but also an important node city to undertake the two major strategies of revitalizing northeast China and developing the Far East of Russia. It is known as the "golden channel" connecting Northeast Asia and going to the Asia Pacific region.

In 2013, Suifenhe City was officially approved by the State Council as China's first pilot city to use rubles. This is the first time since the founding of new China that a foreign currency is allowed to perform the same function as a sovereign currency in a specific field of China. In November 2018, it was listed in the "2018 list of China's 100 happy counties".

Historical evolution

ancient

Suifenhe has a long history. As early as four or five thousand years ago, the ancestors of the Chinese nation lived here. They successively belonged to Tang, Jin, Ming and Qing Dynasties. In Tang Dynasty, they were called "Liubin water", in Jin Dynasty, "Subin water", in Ming Dynasty, "supin River", and in Qing Dynasty, "Suifen River". The word "Suifen" comes from Manchu, meaning "awl", which refers to a kind of sharp snails growing in this river.

In the Tang Dynasty, Suifenhe area was subordinate to Huazhou, the binfu Prefecture of Bohai State.

In Ming Dynasty, it was under the command of nuergandu, and the envoy led binjiangwei.

Suifenhe river was originally an inland area in Qing Dynasty. In 1860, China and Russia signed the Treaty of Beijing, which began to border with Russia and became a border area.

At the end of the 19th century, tsarist Russia began to build the Middle East Railway, and built the fifth station at Sanchakou of Dongning County on the Bank of Suifen River, named Suifen river station. Later, due to the geological structure, it moved 50 kilometers northward and became the location of Suifenhe City.

modern

The modern and modern development of Suifenhe City can be divided into four stages

1903-1933. In January 1903, the Qing government established the "Premier Suifenhe railway negotiation bureau", which was known as the place name of Suifenhe.

In 1903, the Middle East Railway was completed, which laid the foundation for transportation, communication and trade in Suifenhe region. It had been developed synchronously with Vladivostok and Harbin in Russia.

In March 1923, the office of the chief executive of the eastern province special region established the Suifenhe Municipal Bureau;

In April 1927, the national government established Suifenhe City, a special administrative region of the eastern province;

In July 1933, Suifenhe office was set up, under the puppet North Manchuria special regional office. During the past 30 years, envoys and businessmen from 18 countries, including Russia, Japan, North Korea, Britain, France, Italy and the United States, gathered here. The cultural and economic and trade exchanges were extremely prosperous. The colorful flags of various countries stood in the urban area, which was known as "Flag Town" and "border commercial city", and had the reputation of "window of East Asia". Suifenhe was also the first to open trains and cars in Northeast China, and the first to have electric lights and telephones, which was called "Civilization Center".

1933-1945. In 1933, after the Japanese Kwantung Army occupied Suifenhe, the Sino Soviet railway was blocked and interrupted.

In 1935, after the Japanese puppet authorities cut off the communication with the Soviet Union, the trade with the Soviet Union stopped completely. During this period, the commercial activities of Suifenhe City all stagnated, the businessmen of various countries withdrew one after another, the population dropped sharply, and the economy was depressed.

In June 1939, Suifenhe was designated as Suiyang County and changed to Suifenhe street.

modern

1945-1987. In 1945, Suifenhe was liberated. In the ten years after the founding of new China, Suifenhe has always been responsible for the transportation of Sino Soviet strategic materials and import and export goods.

In March 1946, Suifenhe district was established under the jurisdiction of Suiyang County;

In September 1948, the two counties of Dongning and Suiyang were merged, and the county Party committee, county government and directly subordinate organs were moved to Suifenhe district;

In January 1952, the Suifenhe military and political Commission was established (department level) under the Northeast administrative committee, and the Dongning county Party committee, county government and directly subordinate organs were moved to Dongning district;

In March 1956, Suifenhe district was abolished and changed into Suifenhe town and beihanconghe Township, subordinate to Dongning county;

In September 1958, Suifenhe town and beihanconghe Township were abolished and Suifenhe Sino Soviet friendly people's commune was established;

In October 1964, the Sino Soviet friendship commune in Suifenhe was abolished, and Suifenhe town commune and Jianshe commune were established respectively, which were subordinate to Dongning County; the town commune worked with the military and political Commission, and the military and political Commission was subordinate to the Mudanjiang special office;

In February 1968, the military and political Commission of Suifenhe was abolished and set up Suifenhe District, under the dual leadership of the provincial Party committee and Mudanjiang district;

In June 1973, Suifenhe district was abolished, and the leaders of Suifenhe commune and Jianshe commune were subordinate to Dongning county;

In August 1975, the State Council approved the establishment of Suifenhe City. From the early 1960s to the late 1970s, the political relations between China and the Soviet Union deteriorated, and the bilateral trade was stagnant.

In 1975, Suifenhe was officially approved by the State Council as a city under the jurisdiction of Suifenhe. After the 1980s, the political relations between China and the Soviet Union improved and the economic and trade relations took a turn for the better.

In October 1983, Mudanjiang administrative office abolished the establishment of the city, Suifenhe City was changed into a city under the jurisdiction of the province, and Mudanjiang was entrusted with the administration;

In December 1984, Suifenhe City was approved by the provincial Party committee and the provincial government as a city under the jurisdiction of the province.

From 1984 to 1985, China and the Soviet Union successively signed "economic and technological cooperation agreement" and "trade and payment agreement (1986-1990)".

In 1987, Suifenhe City signed a cooperation agreement with the government of boglaniqi District, the opposite City, which started the border trade at the local level.

Since 1988. In 1988, Suifenhe City was approved by Heilongjiang provincial Party committee and government as a pilot zone for promoting border trade;

In 1992, it was approved by the State Council as one of the first batch of open cities along the border. In the same year, the border economic cooperation zone was established, realizing the historic leap from the provincial pilot zone of promoting border trade to the national open city along the border;

In June 1999, the Sino Russian trade zone was established with the approval of diplomatic exchange between China and Russia;

In April 2009, Suifenhe comprehensive bonded zone was established with the approval of the State Council.

In July 2011, with the approval of Heilongjiang provincial Party committee and provincial government, it was listed as the pilot city of administrative system reform under the direct supervision of Heilongjiang Province. The economy and society enjoy the jurisdiction of prefecture level management. With the help of the national policy of opening up along the border, the development and opening up of Suifenhe to the outside world has been deepening and gradually developed into an important frontier of the national economic and trade cooperation with Russia.

In November 2017, the Heilongjiang provincial Party committee and government suspended the pilot project of Suifenhe City directly under the jurisdiction of the provincial government and put it under the jurisdiction of Mudanjiang city again.

Overview

In January 1903, the Qing government established the "Premier Suifenhe railway negotiation bureau", which was known as the place name of Suifenhe;

In March 1923, the office of the chief executive of the East provincial special region established the Suifenhe Municipal Bureau;

In April 1927, the national government established Suifenhe City, a special administrative region of the eastern province;

In July 1933, Suifenhe office was set up, under the puppet North Manchuria special regional office;

In June 1939, Suifenhe was divided into Suiyang County and changed to Suifenhe street;

In March 1946, Suifenhe district was established under the jurisdiction of Suiyang County;

In September 1948, the two counties of Dongning and Suiyang were merged, and the county Party committee, county government and directly subordinate organs were moved to Suifenhe district;

In January 1952, the Suifenhe military and political Commission was established (department level), which was subordinate to the Northeast administrative committee. The Dongning county Party committee, county government and directly subordinate organs were moved to Dongning district;

In March 1956, Suifenhe district was abolished and changed into Suifenhe town and beihanconghe Township, subordinate to Dongning county;

In September 1958, Suifenhe town and beihanconghe Township were abolished and Suifenhe Sino Soviet friendly people's commune was established;

In October 1964, Suifenhe Sino Soviet friendship commune was abolished, and Suifenhe town commune and Jianshe commune were established respectively, which were subordinate to Dongning county;

In February 1968, the military and political Commission of Suifenhe was abolished and set up Suifenhe District, under the dual leadership of the provincial Party committee and Mudanjiang district;

In June 1973, Suifenhe district was abolished, and the leaders of Suifenhe commune and Jianshe commune were subordinate to Dongning county;

In August 1975, the State Council approved the establishment of Suifenhe City (county and prefecture level)

In October 1983, Mudanjiang administrative office abolished the establishment of the city, Suifenhe City was changed into a city under the jurisdiction of the province, and Mudanjiang was entrusted with the administration;

In December 1984, Suifenhe City was approved by the provincial Party committee and the provincial government as a city under the jurisdiction of the province under separate planning;

In July 2011, Suifenhe City was identified as a pilot city directly under the provincial government by the provincial Party committee.

In November 2017, the provincial Party committee and the provincial government suspended the pilot project of Suifenhe City directly under the provincial government and re placed it under the jurisdiction of Mudanjiang city.

administrative division

Suifenhe City has jurisdiction over two towns, namely Suifenhe town and Funing town. The people's Government of Suifenhe City is located at No.1 Changjiang Road, Suifenhe town.

(reference materials:)

geographical environment

geographical position

Suifenhe river is located in the southeast of Heilongjiang Province, with the geographical coordinates of 44 ° 23 'n and 131 ° 9' e. it borders on the most developed coastal border area in the Far East of Russia, with a border line of 27.5 km. Suifenhe City is located in the center of Northeast Asia economic circle, and is one of the land trade ports leading to the sea of Japan in China.

climate

Suifen River belongs to the continental monsoon climate, and the annual average temperature of the urban area in 2012

Chinese PinYin : Hei Long Jiang Sheng Mu Dan Jiang Shi Sui Fen He Shi