Haidian District, Beijing Municipality

Haidian District Haidian District, which belongs to Beijing, is located in the West and northwest of Beijing. It is adjacent to Xicheng District and Chaoyang District in the East, Fengtai District in the south, Shijingshan District and Mentougou District in the west, and Changping District in the north. With an area of 431 square kilometers, the boundary line is about 146.2 kilometers long, the north-south line is about 30 kilometers long, and the widest part from east to west is 29 kilometers, accounting for about 2.6% of the total area of Beijing. The area is between 39 ° 53 ′ - 40 ° 09 ′ N and 116 ° 03 ′ - 116 ° 23 ′ E.

In the early Yuan Dynasty, there was a shallow lake near Haidian Town, so it was called Haidian, which is today's Haidian. In September 1952, Haidian District was officially named. In January 1963, it formed the current jurisdiction area. Colleges and universities gather in Haidian District, and there are many places of interest. Famous universities such as Peking University, Tsinghua University, Renmin University of China, Beijing Normal University, and other scenic spots such as the summer palace, Yuanmingyuan, Xiangshan are all located in Haidian District. In December 2019, it will become the first batch of pilot units for the construction of rural governance system in China.

In 2019, Haidian District has 22 streets and 7 districts. In 2019, the GDP of Haidian District was 792.6 billion yuan, an increase of 7.0% over the previous year, accounting for 22.4% of the city's GDP, ranking first in the city, and the growth rate ranked third in the city. The added value of the tertiary industry was 721.72 billion yuan, an increase of 7.1%. Among them, information, scientific research, education and other service industries grew rapidly, and the added value increased by 8.2% year on year. The per capita disposable income of residents in Haidian District was 84733 yuan, an increase of 8.4% year on year; the per capita consumption expenditure of residents in Haidian District was 56630 yuan, an increase of 7.0% year on year.

In June 2020, the Central Committee for the rule of law was selected as the first batch of national government construction demonstration areas and projects. On October 20, it was selected into the list of national double support model cities (counties).

Historical evolution

The origin of place names

Haidian District is named after Haidian town where the district government is located. In ancient times, Haidian town was a shallow lake area, which was called "Haidian" by local people. Gradually formed in the lake residential settlements, also named "Haidian". Haidian is also known as Haidian and Haidian in historical documents. Historical records can be found in Zhongtang Shiji written by Wang Yun in the early Yuan Dynasty.

History of construction

Pre Qin Dynasty

King Wu of Zhou conquered the Shang Dynasty and enfeoffed the princes. After Emperor Yao was enfeoffed, he was enfeoffed to Ji and Zhaogong to Yan. Later, the state of Yan annexed Ji state and moved its capital to Ji state. Therefore, today's Beijing area first belongs to Ji and Yan, and then to Yan state.

During the Warring States period, the state of Yan had five counties along the border: Shanggu, Yuyang, youbeiping, Liaoxi and Liaodong. Today, the West and northwest of Beijing belong to Shanggu County, which may include the northwest part of today's Haidian District.

Qin dynasty

In the 26th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (221 BC), the Qin Empire, the first centralized feudal unified country in Chinese history, was established, the enfeoffment system was abolished, and the county system was implemented throughout the country. In the northern part of Yan Kingdom, Shanggu county and Yuyang county were set up, and Guangyang county was set up in Jicheng area. Guangyang county (or Shanggu city) Jixian County and Shanggu County Jundu county may be involved in Haidian area.

Han dynasty

In the first year of emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (202 BC), the Western Han Dynasty was established. In Jicheng area, Yan state, Yan County, Guangyang county and Guangyang state were successively established.

In the second year of the founding of the people's Republic of China (9th year), Wang Mang abolished Guangyang state and established Guangyang county (once renamed Guangyou).

In the early Eastern Han Dynasty, Guangyang state was restored and then merged into Shanggu County; in the eighth year of Yongyuan (1996), Guangyang county was restored.

By the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Haidian might belong to Jixian County and Jundu County of Guangyang County; by the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Haidian might belong to Jixian County, Jundu county and Changping County of Guangyang county.

Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties

From the Caowei to the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the southern part of Haidian is under the jurisdiction of Jixian County of Yanjun county. From the Three Kingdoms to the early period of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the northern part belongs to Jundu County of Yanjun county and Changping County. From the Eastern Wei Dynasty to the Tianbao period of the Northern Qi Dynasty, it may belong to Jundu county and four overseas Chinese counties of Changping, Wannian, Guangwu and Woye. From the Northern Zhou Dynasty, it belongs to Changping County and Wannian county.

Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties

In November of 583, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty issued an imperial edict to "strike all the counties in the world" and implemented a two-level system of prefectures and counties. Yan County, Changping County, etc. were abandoned, and the county was directly under the jurisdiction of Youzhou. In the third year of Daye (607), the Prefecture was changed into a county, Youzhou was abolished and Zhuozhou was set up. Today Haidian belongs to Zhuo county.

In the Tang Dynasty, Haidian might belong to Ji, Guangping, Guangning, Changping counties of Youzhou (Fanyang county) and Guzhu County of daizhou (Jizhi county) around the first year of Tianbao (742). In the late Tang Dynasty, Haidian might belong to Youdu, Yuhe, Yanping, Jizhi counties.

Song Dynasty

At the end of the 11th year of Tianxian (936), Qidan entered the Sixteen States of Yanyun, such as you, Ji and Yun. In November of the first year of Huitong (938), Youzhou city was upgraded to Nanjing with Nanjing Road.

At the end of the sixth year of jintianfu (1122), the state of Jin conquered Nanjing of Liao Dynasty, which was taken over by the Northern Song Dynasty in March of the next year. In the Northern Song Dynasty, yanshanfu road was set up based on the original Xijin mansion, and Yanjing was renamed yanshanfu.

At the end of the second year of jintianhui (1125), Yanshan mansion was seized by the state of Jin. The names of Yanjing and Xijin mansion were restored and Yanjing road was set up.

At the end of Liao Dynasty, Haidian area belonged to the counties of Xijin, Wanping, Yuhe and Changping of Xijin Prefecture of Nanjing Road in Liao Dynasty; at the end of Jin Dynasty, it belonged to the counties of Daxing, Wanping and Changping of Daxing Prefecture of Zhongdu road.

Yuan dynasty

In May of the 10th year of Genghis Khan (1215), the Mongolian army occupied jinzhongdu. Change Zhongdu to Yanjing and Zhongdu road to Yanjing road.

In August of the first year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty (1264), Yanjing was renamed Zhongdu, and Yanjing road was renamed Zhongdu road.

In 1271, the name of Mongolia was changed to "Dayuan". In February of the next year, Zhongdu was changed to "Dadu", and the capital was officially established. Zhongdu road was changed to "Dadu road". Today, most of Beijing (including Haidian area) belongs to Dadu road. The southern half of Haidian belongs to Wanping County, and the northern half belongs to Changping County.

the Ming dynasty

In August 1368, the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, the Ming army captured Dadu City, and then changed Dadu Road (also leading Daxing prefecture) into Beiping Prefecture.

In the first month of the first year of Yongle (1403), Peking was changed to "Beijing". In February, Beiping Prefecture was changed to "shuntianfu", which governs most of today's Beijing, including Haidian. In the first month of the 19th year of Yongle (1421), Beijing was called the "capital" and its capital was officially established. Eight prefectures, including shuntianfu and two Zhili prefectures, were under the jurisdiction of Beijing's "Ministry of Commerce" and were directly under the central government, which was called "beizhili". By the end of Ming Dynasty, Haidian still belonged to Wanping and Changping counties.

the Qing dynasty

In the Qing Dynasty, five cities were set up in Beijing, including central, Eastern, western, southern and northern cities, and the jurisdiction of the five cities was extended to the suburbs. The southern half of Haidian, hot spring, cold spring and Bei'an River belong to Wanping County; most of the northern half belongs to Changping Prefecture; Yanqing prefecture has its territory.

Republic of China

On January 9, 1913, Changping Prefecture was renamed Changping County.

On June 28, 1928, Zhili Province was changed into Hebei Province, and the former Jingzhao counties were merged into Hebei Province; Beijing was renamed as Beiping, and a special city of Beiping was set up. Haidian belongs to Beiping city and Wanping County, Changping County and Yanqing County of Hebei Province.

On December 19, 1928, the Beiping municipal government ordered the implementation of "local autonomy" and the establishment of municipal districts. Haidian District, which is under the jurisdiction of Beiping City, is divided into two districts: the northern suburb and the western suburb.

On July 29th, 1937, Beiping was occupied by the Japanese army, and Beiping was changed into "special city". Wanping and Changping belonged to Jinhai Road and Jidong road at the beginning, and they all belonged to "Yanjing road" after June 1940.

On August 15, 1945, Japan surrendered and restored the name of "Peiping", which was still "the city under the jurisdiction of the yuan". The municipal districts were restored to be named by numbers. Xijiao district was named as 15 districts, and Beijiao district was named as 16 districts. Wanping and Changping still belong to Hebei Province.

From December 12 to 17, 1948, the people's Liberation Army liberated most of the western suburbs of Beiping. Haidian belonged to Beiping City, which originally belonged to 15 districts (western suburbs) and 16 districts (northern suburbs).

On January 31, 1949, Peking was peacefully liberated. The municipal government has set up six new districts, which were originally under the jurisdiction of Daxing County and Wanping county. By the end of June 1949, Haidian was under the jurisdiction of 16 districts, 17 districts, 18 districts, 19 districts and 27 districts of Beiping City, and Wanping county and Changshun County of Chahar province.

On July 3, 1949, Beiping City readjusted its city boundary and suburban administrative division. The former 17 and 18 districts, the north of the new urban area of the former 16 districts, and the five villages of Xibeiwang, etc., which were divided into 16 districts by Changshun County, were merged into 16 districts. The area north of the new urban area of the former 16 districts was divided into 16 districts. The establishment of the 16 districts marks the formal establishment of a single administrative region with the jurisdiction of today's Haidian District as the main body.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China

On October 1, 1949, the people's Republic of China was founded. Peiping was renamed Beijing and designated as the capital of the people's Republic of China. The sixteen districts became the municipal districts of Beijing. On November 1, the name of "Changshun county" was abolished.

On August 1, 1950, the people's Government of Beijing decided to change the number of each district in the suburbs. District 16 was renamed District 13, District 17 was renamed District 14, and district 19 was renamed district 15.

On July 23, 1952, the whole county of Wanping county and parts of Fangshan and Liangxiang counties in Hebei Province were assigned to Beijing Municipality.

On August 27, 1952, the Beijing municipal government announced: (1) abolishing the method of naming municipal districts according to their number, and dividing suburban areas into eastern suburban areas (the former 10th District), Haidian District (the former 13th District), Shijingshan District (the former 15th District), etc. （2） Repeal District 14, the original jurisdiction of the district

Chinese PinYin : Bei Jing Shi Shi Xia Qu Hai Dian Qu