Shangri la City, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province

Shangri la is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province. It means "the sun and moon in the heart" in Tibetan. It is located in the northwest of Yunnan Province and the hinterland of Hengduan Mountain Area of Qinghai Tibet Plateau. It is the junction of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet, and also the location of the world natural heritage "Three Parallel Rivers" scenic spot. As of 2014, Shangri La has a total area of 11613 square kilometers, with jurisdiction over 4 towns, 7 townships, 6 communities and 58 administrative villages.

Shangri la appeared in British writer James Hilton's famous novel "Lost Horizon" in the 1930s, and it was longed for by the world. Soon it was made into a film of the same name and won a number of Oscar Awards, which made it more well known to the world. Shangri la Tibetan area has a long history and beautiful natural scenery. It has Pudacuo National Park, dukezong ancient city, Gandan Songzanlin temple, Hutiaoxia and other scenic spots. On April 30, 2019, the people's Government of Yunnan Province decided to withdraw Shangri La from the sequence of poverty-stricken counties. In November 2019, Shangri La city was named "four good rural road" national demonstration county. China's top 100 summer leisure counties and cities in 2020. On October 20, 2020, it will be included in the list of national double support model cities (counties).

In 2019, the GDP of Shangri La will reach 15.26 billion yuan, an increase of 10.8%, accounting for 60.8% of the whole Prefecture.

Historical evolution

The origin of place names

Shangri la, formerly known as Zhongdian County, is called "Jiantang" in Tibetan. It is said that Batang and Litang were the fiefs of the three sons of the king of Tibet. "Dian" seems to be Yi, meaning "Bazi" and "Pingdi". It is said that Zhongdian is a Nasi language, which is a transliteration of "land", meaning "the place where the chief lives" or "the place where yaks are raised". Shangri la is Diqing Tibetan, which means "sun and moon in the heart". In 1933, James Hilton, in his novel the lost horizon, described for the first time "Shangri La", a place of eternal peace and tranquility in the mountains of the East.

In October 1996, an investigation to find Shangri La in Yunnan was launched. In September 1997, the Yunnan provincial government held a press conference in Zhongdian County, the capital of Diqing Prefecture, announcing that Shangri La, the paradise the world is looking for, is in Diqing. On December 17, 2001, with the approval of the State Council, Zhongdian county was renamed Shangri La County. On May 5, 2002, a ceremony of renaming was held.

Evolution of organizational system

In the Han Dynasty, it was the land of yak and Qiang.

In the Jin Dynasty, it was the horse who dared to land.

The southern and Northern Dynasties belonged to the Dangxiang department.

Sui belongs to Nanning Prefecture.

In the early Tang Dynasty, it was the place of the governor of Tubo, and the Nanzhao state was the place of Jianchuan Jiedushi.

The state of Dali in Song Dynasty is Dandang (now shangri la), which belongs to Shanju county.

In the Yuan Dynasty, it was called "dadandang". In the 30th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1293), it was transferred to the xuanzhengyuan and other xuanweisi.

After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, it was Zhongdian, which belonged to Lijiang military and civilian government of Yunnan Province.

During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, Wu Sangui gave Zhongdian to the Dalai Lama, and in the fourth year of Yongzheng (1726), it was transferred to Lijiang Prefecture. In April of 1727, the fifth year of Yongzheng reign, Jianchuan Prefecture was transferred to Zhongdian, and was assigned to the military and civilian office of Heqing. In July of 1730, the eighth year of Yongzheng reign, Heqing mansion belonged to yixidao. In May 1756, Qianlong set up Zhongdian hall and Tongzhi in Zhongdian, which belonged to Lijiang mansion.

In April 1913, Zhongdian hall was changed to Zhongdian County, yixidao to dianxidao, and Zhongdian county belongs to dianxidao. In 1914, Dianxi road was changed to Tengyue Road, which belonged to Zhongdian county. In 1929, the province directly under Tengyue road was abolished. In 1942, it was the seventh administrative supervision district of Yunnan Province (located in Lijiang County). In 1948, it was the 13th administrative supervision district of Yunnan Province (in Weixi County). In 1949, it was the tenth administrative supervision district of Yunnan Province (in Heqing County).

On May 10, 1950, Zhongdian was peacefully liberated, belonging to Lijiang special area.

On September 11, 1956, the State Council decided to establish Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, and the people's Committee of the Prefecture was stationed in Zhongdian county.

On September 13, 1957, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture was officially established.

In 1961, Weixi County was divided into five districts (townships).

On December 17, 2001, the Ministry of Civil Affairs approved the renaming of Zhongdian county to Shangri La County.

In 2002, Xiaozhongdian township was withdrawn to build a town (approved by the provincial government on July 16, 2002) and Jinjiang township was withdrawn to build a town.

On November 8, 2005, Yunnan provincial government moved Geza village from wengshang village to Geza village.

On December 16, 2014, Shangri La was approved by the State Council.

administrative division

As of 2014, Shangri La has jurisdiction over 4 towns, 7 townships (including 1 ethnic township), 6 communities and 58 administrative villages. The specific towns under the jurisdiction of Shangri La city are: Jiantang Town, Xiaozhongdian Town, Hutiaoxia Town, Jinjiang Town, Shangjiang Township, Sanba Naxi Township, Luoji Township, NII Township, Geza Township, Dongwang Township and Wujing township. The municipal government is stationed in Jiantang town.

geographical environment

Location context

Shangri la city is located in the triangle region of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet in the northwest of Yunnan Province and in the hinterland of Diqing Shangri La. Shangri la borders Daocheng and Muli counties in Sichuan Province in the East, Lijiang and Weixi counties across the Jinsha River in the West and south, and Deqin County in the north. The total area of the city is 11613 square kilometers.

topographic features

Shangri la is located in the east of the three river valley of Hengduan Mountains on the southeast edge of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The Shaluli mountains enter the county from Ganzi, Sichuan, and are surrounded by two branches. The Jinsha River enters the county from tuzhaobi, flows southward between sasubi in Jinjiang Township and shigu in Lijiang, and suddenly turns northeastward until luojihan flows into Pingzi, Sichuan, and encircles the south of the county. Shangri la has become a majestic city with narrow ends and wide middle, "Snow Mountain as the city and Jinsha as the pool". The general trend of the county's topography is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. The highest point of balagzong is 5545 meters above sea level, and the lowest point of luojihan is 1503 meters above sea level. The altitude difference is 4042 meters, and the average altitude is 3459 meters. According to the morphology, the county's landform can be divided into mountain, plateau, basin and valley.

climate

Shangri la city is located in the high altitude and low latitude zone. The climate changes with the elevation, and there are six climate zones in turn. It is a typical "three-dimensional agricultural climate"

1. Monsoon climate

Under the alternate control of southwest monsoon and South Branch westerly jet, the dry and wet seasons are distinct. There are many rainy days from June to October, and the rainfall accounts for 10-80% of the annual precipitation, forming a wet season. From November to may, there are many sunny days, sufficient light and large evaporation. The rainfall accounts for 10-20% of the annual precipitation, forming a dry season.

2. Stereoscopic climate

There are snow mountains and deep valleys in the county, and the climate changes with the elevation. From the Jinshajiang River Valley at an altitude of 1503 meters to the top of Haba snow mountain at an altitude of 5309 meters, there are six climate zones in turn: North sub zone of valley, warm temperate zone of mountain, temperate zone of mountain, cold temperate zone of mountain, sub cold zone of mountain and cold zone of mountain. The climate of the county is wide and narrow, forming a typical three-dimensional climate of "one mountain is divided into four seasons".

3. Plateau climate

The county is located in the Shangri La plateau with the Tropic of cancer 3 ° 25 'and zhongdianbazi and xiaozhongdianbazi as the main body. The average altitude is 3450 meters. The solar radiation energy is abundant throughout the year, and the annual temperature range is small. There is no summer in the whole year, and the average temperature is 5.5 ℃. However, the atmospheric transparency is high, the solar radiation is strong, the temperature increases sharply in the daytime, the temperature drops rapidly at night, and the daily temperature range is large. The daily temperature range in the dry season can reach 30 ℃. It can be said that "there are no four seasons in a year, and there are four seasons in a day".

4. Topography and microclimate

The terrain of Shangri La is low in the South and high in the north. The warm and humid air flows from the south to the south. The precipitation is relatively rich, the climate is humid, and the north is relatively dry. The terrain structure of Shangri La is complex, and various climate types are intertwined. In the same climate vertical zone, there are forest climate, grassland climate, lake basin climate and other single small terrain climate, forming the climate characteristics of "different days apart".

hydrology

rivers

All rivers in the territory belong to the Jinsha River system. There are 244 large and small rivers in the territory except the main stream of the Jinsha River. Among them, 13 tributaries with annual average flow of 3.7-43.7 m3 / s are shuodoogang, Gangqu, Dongwang River, Niru River, Jiren River, Langdu River, Anan River, Liangmei River, tangman River, Anle River, Baishui River and Maidi River, with a length of 545km and a drainage area of 8065.9km Square kilometers, respectively into the Jinsha River in different reaches.

lake

There are 298 high mountain lakes (including moraine lakes) in Shangri La, which are distributed at an altitude of 3000-4500 meters. The area of more than 10 mu is located in Cuona of Dongwang township. In Geza Township, there are heel Ni Co, Yue Zi Co, a Wang Cai Co, Dang Co, Damo Co, Cuona, cuoman, Huodi Co, gaigong co Na, gaigong co Se and Cuowu. In Luoji Township, there are sele and dinglang Co, and in Jiantang Town, there are Jidi co Bo, Jicha CO and Napahai It belongs to Duhu, cuowala, cuojiu, Bitahai and nishcuona, abujicuo, shaocuo and sanbihai in Xiaozhongdian Township, Baihai, shuanghai, Heihai, Qinghai, annancogeda, jiuzihai, Haba Heihai and Wanhai in Xiaozhongdian Township and Jinjiang township. Among them, the largest area and the most beautiful landscape are Napahai, Bitahai, gudu lake and sanbihai.

natural resources

mineral resources

As of 2010, there are 25 kinds of known mineral resources in Shangri La, including gold, silver, copper, iron, tungsten, beryllium, molybdenum, manganese, lead, zinc, talc, microcrystal, asbestos, dolomite, marble, lignite, peat, etc. there are 120 ore deposits and mineralization points, including 1 large-scale deposit, 5 medium-sized deposit and 15 small-scale deposit.

Biological resources

Chinese PinYin : Yun Nan Sheng Di Qing Cang Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Xiang Ge Li La Shi