Zhaosu County, Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Zhaosu County, Zhaosu County, is subordinate to Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Located in the southwest of Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, between 43 ° 09 ′～ 43 ° 15 ′ N and 80 ° 08 ′～ 81 ° 30 ′ e, it is a high mountain basin surrounded by mountains in the hinterland of Central Asia. It borders Tekes County in the East, Baicheng county and Wensu County in Aksu area across the mountain in the south, Kazakhstan in the West and Chabuchar County in the north. The border line is about 220 kilometers long, with muzaerte, a national first-class port. The county is about 141 kilometers long from east to west and 132 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of 11200 square kilometers. With an altitude of 2018 meters, the county is the only county in five types of hardship areas directly under Ili Prefecture. In 2016, the total population of Zhaosu county was 183900. There are 21 ethnic groups, including Kazak, Han, Uygur, Mongolian, Kirgiz, Hui, Tatar, Uzbek, Xibe, Russian and Tajik.

Zhaosu town is 879 kilometers away from Urumqi, with a total area of 11200 square kilometers. It was listed as an open county by the State Council in 2001. In September 2019, it will be selected as one of the first batch of national global tourism demonstration zones. China's top 100 summer leisure counties and cities in 2020.

Historical evolution

In the Western Han Dynasty, Zhaosu county was a nomadic area for Saizhong people, Dayue people and Wusun people.

In 60 BC, the Western Han Dynasty established the Duhufu in the western regions, and Zhaosu county was under the jurisdiction of Duhufu.

In the early Qing Dynasty, Zhaosu county was under the jurisdiction of Junggar.

In 1762, the Qing Dynasty set up "President Yili and other generals".

From the 18th century to the 19th century, tsarist Russia colluded with Britain and encroached on the territory of 510000 square kilometers in the west of China through a series of unequal treaties. Zhaosu was also deeply affected.

Guangxu 11 years (1885), Xinjiang Province, Zhaosu county is Ningyuan county.

In the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), Shengyou temple was built, and Zhaosu county formed a settlement.

In 1932, it was divided into Gongliu county and Zhaosu county. In 1937, it was divided into tex county.

In 1938, the government of liusumen Lama Zhao was established in Zhaosu (at that time, the Han, Xi and Hui Nationalities were all called Lama Zhao).

In 1942, Zhaosu county was established.

After the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang, Zhaosu became a county under the jurisdiction of Yili Prefecture, and then came under the jurisdiction of Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture.

After 1995, Zhaosu was under the jurisdiction of Yili Prefecture Administrative Office, one of the eight counties and one city in Yili Prefecture.

In the 21st century, the establishment of Yili area was abolished, and Zhaosu county was under the jurisdiction of Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture.

administrative division

In 2015, Zhaosu County governs 8 townships, 2 towns, 2 farms (including 3 ethnic townships), 73 administrative villages, 22 teams and 5 communities. There are six county-level units, including the 74th, 75th, 76th and 77th regiments of the fourth agricultural division of XPCC, Zhaosu branch of Tianxi Forestry Administration Bureau, and 69349 troops.

geographical environment

Location context

Zhaosu county is located in the northwest of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the southwest of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, the upper reaches of Ili River, the Tekes River Basin, and the west section of Tekes Zhaosu basin. It is bounded by Tekes County in the East, Wensu and Baicheng counties in the south, Chabuchar Xibe Autonomous County in the north, Kazakhstan in the West (with a border line of more than 200 kilometers) and Kyrgyzstan in the southwest. Zhaosu town is 879 kilometers away from Urumqi.

climate

Zhaosu county belongs to semi-arid, semi humid and cold climate type in continental temperate mountainous area. It is characterized by long winter and short summer, no obvious four seasons, only cold and warm. Spring and autumn is humid, cold and foggy, and summer is full of thunder, rain and hail. The annual average temperature is 2.9 ℃, the annual extreme maximum temperature is 33.5 ℃, and the minimum temperature is - 32 ℃. The annual average frost free period is 98 days. The average annual rainfall is 511.8 mm, the highest in Xinjiang. The spatial distribution of precipitation is more in the east than in the west, and more in the mountainous area than in the basin. The evaporation of water is large, with an annual average of 1261.6 mm. The annual average sunshine duration is 2699 hours, and the annual total solar radiation energy is 1364 cal / cm2.

topographic features

Zhaosu county is a high mountain basin surrounded by mountains in the hinterland of Central Asia. Because of the surrounding mountains, it has formed a relatively unique natural ecological environment, with an altitude of 1323m-6995m. In the south is the main vein of Tianshan Mountain, which is majestic, high and continuous, and is the natural barrier to block the dry hot wind in the desert of Southern Xinjiang; in the north is Wusun mountain, which is east-west and low; in the west, it is blocked by shaertao mountain and chadaner mountain in Kazakhstan, forming a basin with three sides high in the south, West and North and slightly low in the East. The ratio of mountain, hill and plain is 4 ∶ 1. Known as the "father of Tianshan Mountain", hantengri peak is located on the southwest border between China and Kazakhstan, with an altitude of 6995 meters. It is the second highest peak of Tianshan Mountain, with a snow covered area of more than 100 square kilometers. It is the main water source of the Tekes river. It is the only county without desert in Xinjiang.

natural resources

land resource

The county has 87000 hectares of cultivated land, 34000 hectares of county cultivated land; 542000 hectares of grassland, 406000 hectares of County Grassland; 140000 hectares of woodland, including 137000 hectares of natural forest; 328000 hectares of iceberg rocky zone; 408000 hectares of other types.

mineral resources

Zhaosu county has identified more than 10 kinds of mineral deposits, including coal, copper, manganese, lead, silver, iron, mica, gold, limestone, beryl, crystal, Iceland spar, sapphire and emerald. Among them, coal, copper, manganese, mica, gold, silver, lead, jade and other minerals have large reserves and high grade, which have certain mining value.

Animal resources

Tianma

Zhaosu county is the seat of Wusun ancient country in the Han Dynasty, which is the origin of the famous Tianma - hanxuebao. There are five horse breeds in Zhaosu County: Yili horse, Yingchun horse, Kyrgyz horse, Alden horse and German warm blooded horse, among which there are more than 60000 Yili horses. Yili horse is an excellent breed of horse in our country. It is a valuable animal husbandry resource. It is the crystallization of the people of all nationalities, especially Kazak and Mongolian, after decades of hard work and careful cultivation. In 2003, Zhaosu county was named the hometown of Tianma by the Ministry of agriculture.

wild animal

The wild animals in Zhaosu include red deer, bear, snow leopard, marmot, muskrat, snow chicken, cattle, brown bear, sheep and other rare animals.

plant resources

The crops in Zhaosu County include wheat, spring rape, barley, flax, flax, potato, six petaled red garlic, soybean, etc. there are a wide variety of forages growing in the grassland, with a total of 183 species belonging to 125 genera and 37 families. There are many wild medicinal materials in the natural grassland vegetation, including Fritillaria, Saussurea involucrata, winterflower, astragalus, bupleurum, Shihua, rhubarb, Aucklandia, liquorice, Plantago, Aconitum, Agrimonia, Gentiana macrophylla, etc.

water resource

Zhaosu county has developed water system and rich water resources. In addition to the Tekes River, there are 24 rivers in the north and south of the county. The annual total flow of river water in the county is 110.6 m3 / s, and the annual runoff of water resources available in the county is 4.073 billion m3.

Population nationality

population

In 2019, the total population of Zhaosu county will be 177131, a decrease of 2.43% over the previous year. There are 89871 males, accounting for 50.7%, and 87260 females, accounting for 49.3%. The birth rate is 2.09%, the death rate is 1.44 ‰ and the natural growth rate is 0.65%.

nation

In 2015, there are 21 ethnic groups in Zhaosu County, including Kazak, Han, Uygur, Mongolian, Kirgiz, Hui, Tatar, Uzbek, Xibe, Russian and Tajik. Among them, Kazak, Han, Uygur and Mongolian have a large population, and it is a minority border county mainly based on animal husbandry and combined with agriculture and animal husbandry.

Economics

comprehensive

In 2019, the GDP of Zhaosu county is 4313.77 million yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 3%, and the per capita GDP is 24054 yuan. Among the three industries, the added value of the primary industry was 2055.79 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.3%; the added value of the secondary industry was 317.31 million yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 7%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 194.67 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 3.4%. The ratio of three industrial structures is 48:7:45.

In 2019, the per capita disposable income of urban residents in Zhaosu county was 29966 yuan, an increase of 7.5% over the previous year; the per capita disposable income of rural residents was 14132 yuan, an increase of 8.1% over the previous year. The per capita net income of farmers and herdsmen was 15356 yuan, an increase of 7.6% over the previous year.

primary industry

In 2019, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in Zhaosu county is 233.517 million yuan, an increase of 2.96% over 2018. Among them, the agricultural output value was 1067.31 million yuan, an increase of 4.34% over 2018; the animal husbandry output value was 1235.33 million yuan, an increase of 2.98% over 2018.

In 2019, the crop planting area of Zhaosu county is 862800 mu. Among them: the grain area is 502200 mu, an increase of 24.7% over 2018; the oil area is 280800 mu, a decrease of 25.1% over 2018; the potato area is 4400 mu, a decrease of 30.6% over 2018; the grain output is 190468 tons, an increase of 24.1% over 2018; the oil output is 46798 tons, a decrease of 26.7% over 2018; the potato output is 12400 tons, a decrease of 31.8% over 2018.

Chinese PinYin : Xin Jiang Wei Wu Er Zi Zhi Qu Yi Li Ha Sa Ke Zi Zhi Zhou Zhao Su Xian