Shangdu County, Wulanchabu City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Shangdu County, Shangdu County, is located in the central part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, northeast of Wulanchabu, with 6 towns and 4 townships, with a total area of 4353 square kilometers. In 2017, there were 331 thousand and 700 registered residence population and 196 thousand and 500 permanent residents. The average altitude is more than 1400 meters, and the annual rainfall is about 300 mm. The territory is rich in resources, sufficient energy and convenient transportation. There are more than 20 kinds of proven mineral resources, including quartz, limestone, fluorite, diatomite, white mud, kaolin, feldspar, carbon dioxide gas field and other large reserves. Through geological exploration, cash, silver, lead and zinc and other metal minerals have good development prospects. Qitai Town, the seat of the county government, is the seventh post station of zhangku Avenue (Zhangjiakou Ulan Bator, Mongolia), 180 km away from Zhangjiakou City, 380 km away from Beijing City, 220 km away from Hohhot City, and 2 km away from Erlianhot city 80 km, it is an important transportation hub connecting Mongolia in the north and Beijing Tianjin Hebei in the East. It is also an important node town from the northern plateau to the three northeast provinces.

In 2019, it was listed as the second batch of national agricultural product quality and safety counties. In March 2020, the people's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region approved Shangdu county to withdraw from the sequence of poverty-stricken counties.

Historical evolution

Shangdu county was built late. From the Shang Dynasty, it went through the Zhou, Qin, Han, Three Kingdoms, Western Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties, Tang, song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. It has always been a desert grassland with "vast sky, boundless wild, wind blowing grass, cattle and sheep"

Xiongnu, Xianbei, Qidan, Nuzhen, Mongolia and other northern ethnic minorities came to power and created a unique and ancient grassland civilization by nomadic way.

In 1915 (the fourth year of the Republic of China) and 1916 (the fifth year of the Republic of China), the Bureau of land reclamation affairs was set up, and the Bureau of land reclamation was set up, in order to promote agricultural development. In 1918 (the seventh year of the Republic of China), with the continuous development of grassland, the population of Shangdu was expanding rapidly, and the economy and society were growing day by day. With the approval of the government of the Republic of China, the county was officially established. From then on, it bid farewell to the long nomadic era and embarked on the journey of agricultural civilization. After the establishment of the county, the commercial capital was full of vigor and vitality, so at that time, there was a popular saying that "to get rich, to go to seven stations" outside Yanmen pass and north of the Great Wall.

In 1925 (14 years of the Republic of China), Shangdu county was designated as the fifth Police District of Chahar special district.

In 1928 (17 years of the Republic of China), Chahar special area was changed into Chahar Province, and Shangdu county was directly under the jurisdiction of Chahar province.

In 1929, Shangdu implemented regional autonomy.

In 1934 (23 years of the Republic of China), regional autonomy was abolished and the county system was changed.

In 1936 (25 years of the Republic of China), Shangdu was occupied by Japanese invaders. During the period of the Republic of China, due to the influence of many political factors, such as warlords' scuffle, the autocratic rule of the Kuomintang and the Japanese invasion of China, the newly developed land soon fell into the mire of social chaos, economic shrinkage and the decline of the people, thus slowing down the pace of progress.

In order to strive for national independence and people's liberation, the people of all nationalities in Shangdu County, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, fought bravely against various reactionary forces. In 1947 (36 years of the Republic of China), in order to adapt to the situation of struggle behind the enemy, the Communist Party of China established Shanghua United county and Shanghua Kanglian County in January and September of the same year respectively, and the organizational system of the United county was abolished in December.

In 1949 (38 years of the Republic of China), Shangdu county was liberated, and the Shangdu County Committee and Shangdu county government of the Communist Party of China were established. Shangdu County continued the county-level system and was under the jurisdiction of Chahar province and Northern Chahar.

On July 1, 1950, Shangdu county government was changed into Shangdu County People's government.

In November 1952, Chahar province was abolished, and Shangdu county was put under the jurisdiction of Zhangjiakou District of Hebei Province.

In July 1962, Shangdu county was put under the jurisdiction of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

In August 2004, Ulanqab League was renamed Ulanqab City, and Shangdu county was under the jurisdiction of Ulanqab city.

On February 24, 2020, Shangdu county has reached the exit standard of poverty-stricken counties, and will exit the sequence of poverty-stricken counties according to the procedure.

administrative division

As of 2017, Shangdu county has jurisdiction over 6 towns and 4 townships.

geographical environment

terrain

It is located in the Inner Mongolia Plateau, with an average altitude of 1400 meters. The whole terrain is rugged, high in the West and low in the East, and inclined to the southeast. Most of the soil is chestnut soil, and the rest is saline alkali soil, meadow soil, swamp soil and gray cinnamon soil. Because it is located at the intersection of Yinshan East-West complex structural belt and Daxinganling XINHUAXIA uplift belt, various landforms are formed, which can be roughly divided into gentle slope hills, shallow mountain hills, Intermountain basins, valley depressions, etc. The whole terrain is gradually low from northwest to Southeast, with shallow mountains and hills in the northwest and high terrain; hills in the middle and plains in the southeast. The total area of the whole area is 64% in shallow hills and 34% in plain. The main mountains are Mahuang mountain, qingshinaobao mountain, Yuanbao mountain, Tongding mountain, Mazong mountain, Huanglongdong mountain, Gongji mountain, naobao mountain, etc.

climate

Shangdu county has a mid temperate continental monsoon climate, which is characterized by abundant scenery resources, large temperature difference between day and night, and uneven distribution of precipitation. The average annual temperature is 3.1 ℃, the accumulated temperature is 2075 ℃, the frost free period is 115-120 days, and the average annual precipitation is 350 mm. Mainly concentrated in July, August and September, accounting for about 70% of the annual precipitation.

population

In 2016, the total population of the county was 332999. Among them, there are 73164 urban residents, 259835 rural residents, 170598 male residents and 162401 female residents. There are more than 10 nationalities in the county, including Han, Mongolian, Hui, Manchu and Tibetan.

natural resources

agricultural resource

Shangdu county has poor land ridge, serious wind erosion and desertification, which belongs to the transition area of agriculture and animal husbandry.

Fruits and vegetables: Shangdu is the largest vegetable production county in Wulanchabu City, with 3000 mu of protected land and 80000 mu of open land, including 50000 mu of certified pollution-free vegetable production base. The annual output of all kinds of vegetables is 1 billion jin. Celery planting area of 25000 mu, known as "the first village of celery in Inner Mongolia.". The annual output is 500 million catties, with onion planting area of 25000 Mu and annual output of 200 million catties; carrot planting area of 150000 Mu and annual output of 100 million catties; other characteristic fruit and vegetable varieties include more than 20 kinds of melon, watermelon, eight pine melon, cherry tomato, Israel sweet pepper, Mini zucchini, Dutch bean, Chinese cabbage, 123 golden red apple and so on, with output of 200 million catties. It has a huge resource advantage in the development, precision processing and deep processing of fruits and vegetables. However, due to the lack of standardized market environment and the guidance of relevant departments, although the price of vegetables is more and more expensive year by year, the small-scale vegetable farmers have great risks, little income and no support, so many vegetable sheds are abandoned.

Potato: the advantaged natural conditions make Shangdu potato maintain excellent quality, which is characterized by shallow teeth, good potato quality, smooth skin, low reducing sugar, high dry matter, no pollution and no pollution. The annual output of the county is 70 tons, and the fresh potatoes are sold all over the country. The development of potato related industries has broad market prospects and resource guarantee.

Beef and mutton: the total number of cattle and sheep in the county is 1 million, and the annual production of meat is 25000 tons. Because Shangdu is located in warm and cold zone, beef and mutton taste delicious, low fat rate, high protein content and rich nutrition.

Fresh milk: there are 20000 cows in the county, including 8000 Holstein cows imported from Australia, all of which have entered the peak of milk production, with an annual output of more than 150000 tons of fresh milk, providing reliable raw materials for fresh milk processing.

The forest area of the county is 924000 mu, and the forest coverage rate is 14.6%. The main tree species are poplar, willow, elm and all kinds of fruit trees, with a timber stock of 760000 cubic meters and an annual fresh fruit of 40 million jin. Wild Medicine villages include licorice, bupleurum, ephedra, astragalus, etc., with an annual output of 2.4 million jin.

mineral resources

The county is rich in mineral resources. The discovered and proved mineral resources mainly include diatomite, quartzite, limestone, feldspar, white mud, fluorite, kaolin, refractory clay, coal, granite, tungsten ore, limonite, germanium, mineral water, carbon dioxide gas field, etc. The main mineral reserves and abundance distribution are as follows:

Diatomite: the C + D grade reserves are 17.8 million tons, the content of silicon dioxide is 61.29% - 70%, the overburden of the deposit is thin, it is suitable for open-pit mining, and has not yet been developed. Diatomite products are mainly used in the production of chemical catalyst carrier, thermal insulation building materials, beer, beverage, medicine and other products.

Quartzite: 80% of the county area has different degrees of naked exposure, silica grade is generally more than 96%, reserves of 130000 tons, easy to exploit. It is mainly suitable for smelting ferrosilicon, some of which can be used for industrial silicon, ceramics, glass and other industries. Shangdu has long been the raw material base of ferrosilicon smelting enterprises in Shanxi Province.

Limestone: reserves 1.3 billion tons, calcium oxide content of more than 52%, is the production of cement, lime, light calcium, heavy calcium, calcium carbide and other products of high quality raw materials, further development can produce PVC, difluoroethane, dicyandiamide, lime nitrogen and other calcium carbide downstream products.

Dolomite: reserves of 4 million tons, magnesium oxide content of more than 21%, stable horizon, easy to use mining. It can be used as refractories, fluxes, extracting metal magnesium, or making magnesium containing cement.

Feldspar: reserves of more than 100000 tons. The content of potassium oxide and calcium oxide is 10%

Chinese PinYin : Nei Meng Gu Zi Zhi Qu Wu Lan Cha Bu Shi Shang Dou Xian