Kaiyuan city, Tieling City, Liaoning Province

Kaiyuan, a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Tieling City, Liaoning Province, is located in the northeast of Liaoning Province, on the east side of the middle reaches of Liaohe River, in hilly areas. By 2019, Kaiyuan city has jurisdiction over 3 streets, 16 towns and 1 township. By 2019, Kaiyuan has a total area of 2813 square kilometers and a total population of 580000.

Kaiyuan is the earliest ancient city built in the Ming Dynasty, known as the "ancient city of Northern Liaoning". Kaiyuan is located in the middle of Songliao plain, on the golden belt of crops planting at 42 degrees north latitude. It is the main grain producing area of Tieling City.

In 2019, Kaiyuan's GDP will reach 10.26 billion yuan, an increase of 2.5% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 3.54 billion yuan, an increase of 0.5%. The added value of the secondary industry was 1.88 billion yuan, an increase of 5.3%. The added value of the tertiary industry was 4.84 billion yuan, an increase of 3%.

Historical evolution

Kaiyuan is the earliest ancient city built in Ming Dynasty, known as "Liaobei ancient city". Qin, Western Han and Jin belong to Fuyu.

The Northern Wei Dynasty belongs to Wuji.

Sui Dynasty belongs to heishuipei.

In the early Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Heishui Prefecture of Yanzhou. Tang Yizong Xiantong years (860-873 years) belong to the Bohai State, under the Longquan house in Shangjing.

Liao Dynasty is the land of Huanglong Prefecture.

Jin is Huining Prefecture.

Yuan belongs to Kaiyuan Road. In the seventh year of Emperor Taizong of the Yuan Dynasty (1236), Kaiyuan wanhufu was set up in Heilongjiang Province. Later, the office was moved to Huanglong mansion (now Nongan County, Jilin Province). In 1268, wanhufu of Kaiyuan was changed to Kaiyuan Road.

In the Ming Dynasty, there were 30000 guards, liaohaiwei and anlezhou. In the 21st year of Hongwu (1388), Kaiyuan Road office was moved to Xianping (the old city of Kaiyuan). In order to avoid the emperor's taboo, Prime Minister Liu Bowen proposed to change "Kaiyuan" to "Kaiyuan", not only the sound of its original name, but also the meaning of its pioneering, grand, auspicious and healthy. Zhu song was granted the title of king of Han in Kaiyuan.

In the third year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1664), 30000 guards were abolished and Kaiyuan county was set up, belonging to Fengtian province.

At the beginning of the Republic of China, it belonged to Liaoshen road in Fengtian province. In 1939 (the 28th year of the Republic of China), Kaiyuan county government moved from the old city to Kaiyuan street.

In October 1949, it was under the jurisdiction of western Liaoning Province.

In August 1954, it was under the jurisdiction of Liaoning Province.

In February 1956, it was under the leadership of Tieling Commissioner's office.

In December 1958, it was under the leadership of Shenyang City.

In April 1964, it was under the leadership of Shenyang High Commissioner's office.

In May 1968, it was under the leadership of the reform committee of Shenyang special region. In December of the same year, he was under the leadership of the Tieling Revolutionary Committee.

In July 1970, he was under the leadership of Tieling District Revolutionary Committee.

In September 1978, he was under the leadership of Tieling district administrative office.

In September 1984, it was under the jurisdiction of Tieling City.

In March 1989, the county was removed and built into a city under the jurisdiction of Tieling City.

administrative division

By 2019, Kaiyuan city has jurisdiction over 3 streets, 16 towns and 1 Township, and the government is located in Xincheng street.

Jurisdiction Street: Xincheng street, Laocheng street, Xingkai street.

Towns under jurisdiction: Babao Town, qingyunbu Town, Jinshan Town, Yemin Town, jingouzi Town, Zhonggu Town, bakeshu Town, Lianhua Town, weiyuanbao Town, Majiazhai Town, Xiafei Town, Songshan Town, Chengdong Town, lijiatai Town, Shangfei Town, huangqizhai Town, Linfeng Manchu Township.

geographical environment

Location context

Kaiyuan city is located in the north of Liaoning Province, in the northeast of Tieling City, on the east side of the middle reaches of Liaohe River. Its geographical location is between 123 ° 43 ′ - 124 ° 48 ′, 42 ° 6 ′ - 42 ° 53 ′, adjacent to Xifeng County and Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County in the East, Tieling County in the south, Faku County and Changtu County in the west, and Tiedong District of Jilin City in the north. It is 89.4 km long from east to west and 86 km wide from north to south. As of 2019, Kaiyuan has a total area of 2813 square kilometers.

topographic features

Kaiyuan is high in the East and low in the west, with hills in the north and south. There are many mountains in the southeast, which is the branch of Changbai Mountain. It belongs to mountainous hills, with an altitude of 200-600 meters. The main peaks are Chengzi mountain and Lazi mountain, with an altitude of more than 800 meters. The west is low and flat. It is a part of Qinghe and Liaohe alluvial plain. The altitude is between 50-100 meters. The soil is fertile and suitable for machine farming and irrigation. The middle part belongs to semi hilly and semi plain area. The whole area is divided into six mountains, half water and three fields.

Climatic characteristics

Kaiyuan city has a north temperate monsoon continental climate. In winter, the cold period lasts for 4 months, the coldest month is January, the average temperature is about - 14.5 ℃, and the extreme low temperature is - 35 ℃; in summer, it is hot, generally lasting for 3 months, the hottest month is July, the average temperature is about 23 ℃ - 24 ℃, and the extreme high temperature is 36.5 ℃. The annual sunshine hours are about 2585 hours, longer in May and June, and shorter in November and December. The first frost period is in late September, the last frost period is in late April, and the frost free period is about 145-165 days. The average annual precipitation is 678 mm. In spring and summer, there are more southwest winds, and in autumn and winter, there are more northwest winds. The average wind speed is 4.5 meters per second.

hydrology

There are more than 160 rivers in Kaiyuan, including Liaohe River and its tributaries Qinghe River, kouhe River, Chaihe River and Shahe River. There are nine reservoirs, including Qinghe Reservoir, Nanchengzi reservoir and Guanmenshan reservoir, with a total water storage capacity of 1 billion cubic meters. There are three major groundwater systems, and the water quality has reached the national secondary drinking water standard.

natural resources

land resource

In 2019, according to the current utilization situation, the cultivated land area of Kaiyuan city is 118372.2 hectares, accounting for 42.07% of the total land area of the city. The per capita cultivated land is about 0.2 hectares, which is mainly distributed in the western plain area and the valley area of hills in the middle and Eastern part of Kaiyuan city. The garden area is 5318.04 hectares, accounting for 1.8% of the total land area. The forest area is 122897.01 hectares, accounting for 43.68% of the total land area. It is a variety of land The eastern mountainous area is the city's forestry base and the ecological barrier to adjust the city's climate and other natural environment, while other areas are mainly protected ecological forests such as windbreak and sand fixation. The area of urban villages and industrial and mining land is 14925.27 hectares, accounting for 5.3% of the total land area; the area of traffic land is 5249.76 hectares, accounting for 1.8% of the total land area; the area of water and water conservancy facilities is 1.8% of the total land area The total land area is 9827.01 hectares, accounting for 3.5% of the total land area; the unused land area is 4739.28 hectares, accounting for 1.6% of the total land area.

The fertile land of Kaiyuan is suitable for the growth of crops. In addition to the crisscross rivers, the water resources are very rich. Both irrigation and freshwater aquaculture have broad prospects. The whole territory is divided into six mountains, half water, three fields, half roads and manors. The land types of the whole city are generally divided into brown soil, meadow soil and paddy soil. In the western plain areas, such as qingyunbu, Babao and xingkaijie, paddy soil is found. The valley plains of Chaihe, Qinghe, kouhe and Shahe in the eastern mountainous area are all meadow land zones.

water resource

In 2019, the total precipitation of Kaiyuan city is 2.406 billion cubic meters, an increase of 17.3% compared with the multi-year average and 59.9% compared with the previous year. Due to the reinforcement of the reservoir, the storage capacity of the reservoir increases slightly, and the water storage is more than that in normal years. Due to the increase of precipitation, the groundwater level generally rises. The total amount of water resources in the city is 699 million cubic meters, including 583 million cubic meters of surface water resources, 254 million cubic meters of groundwater resources, and 138 million cubic meters of surface water resources and groundwater resources. The city's total water consumption is 303.4 million cubic meters, including 285.25 million cubic meters of irrigation water, accounting for 94.02% of the total water consumption; 031.9 million cubic meters of forest, animal husbandry, fishery and livestock water, accounting for 1.05% of the total water consumption; 01.2 million cubic meters of industrial water, accounting for 0.40% of the total water consumption; 136.8 million cubic meters of living water, accounting for 4.51% of the total water consumption; and 000.8 million cubic meters of other water consumption 03% of the total water consumption.

mineral resources

Kaiyuan has a complete variety of mineral resources and a long history of development. At present, 24 kinds of minerals have been found, accounting for 21.82% of the known 110 kinds of minerals in the province and 14.04% of the 171 kinds of minerals in China. The reserves of various mineral resources in the city are 20.579 million tons, including 11.3135 million tons of marble for cement and 300 million tons of limestone for cement, which are mainly distributed in the eastern mountainous areas of the city. Energy minerals are mainly coal, metal minerals are mainly gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron, etc.; non-metal minerals are mainly limestone, dolomite, diorite, granite for building stone, limestone for cement, marble, clay for brick and tile, feldspar and vein quartz for industrial use; water and gas minerals are mainly mineral water. Among them, non-metallic minerals occupy an important position in the city's resource reserves, especially the resources of construction materials and cement materials are relatively rich.

Forest resources

In 2019, Kaiyuan city has 142228 hectares of forest land, including 113348 hectares of forest land (including 16501 hectares of economic forest), accounting for 79.69% of forest land; 0117 hectares of open forest land, accounting for 0.08%; 11791 hectares of shrubbery, accounting for 8.29%; 0585 hectares of unforested forest land, accounting for 0.41%; 16282 hectares of unforested forest land, accounting for 11.4% 5%; Miao Tuan 0.0054 million hectares, accounting for 0.04%. The forest coverage rate was 42.15%. The total volume of standing trees in the province is 8.338372 million cubic meters, and the stand area is 9

Chinese PinYin : Liao Ning Sheng Tie Ling Shi Kai Yuan Shi