Tumed Left Banner, Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Tumetzuoqi tumetzuoqi, abbreviated as TUZUOQI, is under the jurisdiction of Hohhot. Located in the middle of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, between Hohhot and Baotou. The geographical coordinates are 40 ° 26 ′ - 40 ° 56 ′ N and 110 ° 47 ′ - 111 ° 48 ′ E. It borders Wuchuan County in the north, Tuoketuo county and Helingeer County in the south, Huhhot city in the East and tumed Right Banner in Baotou City in the West. It is 87 kilometers wide from east to west and 55 kilometers long from north to south, with a total area of 2779 square kilometers and a total population of 360000 (2010). Qi government is located in chasuqi Town, 48 kilometers away from Hohhot city.

It is located in the Inner Mongolia Plateau, with mountainous area in the north, and belongs to the middle part of Daqingshan Mountain in the middle of Yinshan Mountain range. It has a quasi temperate continental monsoon climate with an average annual temperature of 6.3 ℃ and an annual precipitation of 400mm. There are Dahei River, xiaoheihe River and shilausu River in the territory. There are asbestos, coal, gold, limestone, graphite and so on. Beijing Baotou railway, National Highway 110, national highway 209, provincial highway 103, G6 Beijing Tibet expressway, S31 huzhun expressway transit. The memorial sites include WuLanfu's former residence, jialigeng's former residence and the memorial site of Wanjiagou Daqingshan Anti Japanese base. There are Hasuhai, lamadongzhao and Daqingshan forest park. Top 100 counties and cities in Western China in 2019.

Historical evolution

Evolution of organizational system

Tumet is the name of Mongolian tribe. It means tens of thousands.

In history, Tumet was a place where many nationalities lived and multiplied.

During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, Linhu, Loufan and other ethnic activities were here.

In 306 BC, King Wuling of Zhao set up Yunzhong county (the ruins of the old city were in Tuo County in the original Tumet area). After Qin Shihuang unified China, Yunzhong county was listed as one of the 36 counties in China.

In the Han Dynasty, the Huns lived there. In 96 BC, Dingxiang and Yunzhong counties were set up in the Han Dynasty. Yunzhong County led by eleven counties. Beiyu County, the "central capital" of the county, was located in the hinterland of the original Tumet banner. In the early Eastern Han Dynasty, the Huns lived together.

During the Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties, Xianbei, Rouran, Chile and other nationalities appeared one after another. In the 1920s, the Northern Wei Dynasty settled the Chile people here, and the Chile people began to live here. Therefore, this area is also called "chilechuan". "Chi Le song" describes "Chi Le Chuan, under the Yinshan Mountain, the sky is like a dome, covering the four fields. The sky is vast, the wild is vast, the wind is blowing, the grass is low, cattle and sheep are showing It is the natural scene in front of Yinshan. After the rise of Turk, the region became a nomadic Turk.

In the Tang Dynasty, Chanyu Dadu was set up. At the beginning of the Five Dynasties, Shatuo, Tatar and other activities took place here. In Liao Dynasty, Fengzhou and yunneizhou were set up and attached to Xijing Road, so later generations have the title of "fengzhoutan".

After Jin Dynasty destroyed Liao Dynasty, this area entered the territory of Jin Dynasty. Fengzhou was still set up and the road was changed. Nuzhen and wanggubu were here. The Yuan Dynasty was called Fengzhou, which was attached to Datong Road. From then on, Mongolian became the main nationality here.

In Ming Dynasty, there were two garrisons in Tumet area, but the time was short. This area has always been a nomadic land of Mongolian.

In the middle of the 15th century, it became the territory of the tumed tribe of Mongolia.

From 1723 (the first year of Yongzheng) to 1741 (the sixth year of Qianlong), the Qing government set up Guihua City, Qingshui River, Tuoketuo, Helingeer and Salaqi in the two wings of Tumet, and Guisui Road, which was under the jurisdiction of the five departments, was subordinate to Shanxi Province. After the establishment of Daoting, the situation of separation of Mongolian and Han was basically formed in Tumet area.

In 1739 (the fourth year of Qianlong), after the eight banners of Manzhou garrisoned Suiyuan, general Jianwei (later changed to General of Suiyuan city) was in charge of the affairs of the two wings of Tumet. In 1761 (the 26th year of Qianlong's reign), the Qing government abolished the two wings of Dutong, and left and right wings of Dutong.

In 1763, the deputy governor was reinstated and changed to the deputy governor of zhuancheng, who was appointed by the imperial court (mostly full members) and became a custom-made official. The Tumet people were deprived of the right of flag.

From 1644 (the first year of Shunzhi) to 1675 (the fourteenth year of Kangxi), the Qing government successively established maoming'an banner, Wulat Sangong banner, Sizi tribal Wang banner, dahanbeile banner and Chahar eight banners (mainly Xisi banner) in the north, West and east of Tumet, delimiting the jurisdiction of two wings of Tumet within 205 km from north to South and 175 km from east to west.

In 1912 (the first year of the Republic of China), all the departments of Guisui road in Shanxi Province were changed to counties. In Tumet, there were six counties, namely Guisui County, Salaqi County, Tuoketuo County, Helingeer County, Qingshuihe County and Wuchuan county (plus Baotou County added later), all of which were appointed by Shanxi Province. In 1914 (the third year of the Republic of China), Yuan Shikai ordered that Suiyuan be changed into a special district, general Suiyuan be changed into Du Tong, and he also served as deputy Du Tong of Guihua city. In the same year, the two wings of Tumet were united into one banner, the chief executive was changed into the general manager, the deputy Dutong yamen was changed into the general manager's office, directly under the Suiyuan special region (later changed to the province). After the system reform, all the 10 managers were Hakka.

In July 1928 (the 17th year of the Republic of China), man Tai, a native of Tumet, took up the post of general manager; in 1934 (the 23rd year of the Republic of China), Rong Xiang took over the post of general manager and changed the name of the banner to Tumet special banner, and the general manager's office to the banner government.

In October 1937, the Tumet area was occupied, and the general manager Rong Xiang led a group of flag government officials to retreat to Yulin, Northern Shaanxi. In February 1938, the Japanese aggressors reorganized the puppet flag office, which was under the jurisdiction of Bayantala League of the puppet Mongolian border, and colonized the Tumet area. After the surrender of the Japanese aggressors in 1945, Tumet banner was restored to its original system and remained the general flag. Rong Xiang and others returned to the flag to rectify the flag affairs and try their best to maintain the flag power and the flag property, but their efforts failed. In 1949, Rong Xiang, who had no hope for the KMT, launched and participated in the Suiyuan Peace Promotion Association to fight against the civil war and seek peace. Then he signed a telegram on the "9.19" peace uprising. The Tumet Mongolian people, who had gone through all the vicissitudes, finally ushered in the dawn of liberation.

In September 1949, Suiyuan province was peacefully liberated. According to the relevant regulations of peaceful liberation, the title of Tumet special flag of the old regime was still used. Its organizational system and jurisdiction were the same as those before liberation. The flag government was located in the meeting hall of the old city.

In March 1950, the people's Government of Tumet banner was formally established, directly under the leadership of the people's Government of Suiyuan province. As a first-class banner, it continued to maintain the situation of Mongolian Han division, and the administrative region remained unchanged. The banner government was still stationed in Guisui city (Hohhot City).

On November 26, 1953, the people's Congress of all walks of life in tumed banner adopted a resolution to end the coexistence of banners and counties. In March 1954, Guisui county was abolished. Based on the original jurisdiction area of Guisui County, the villages near the county and the villages with more Mongolian residents were classified as Tumet banner. The seventh district originally belonging to tumed banner belongs to Damao Banner, and Dengkou Township belongs to Shiguai mining area of Wumeng. Tumed banner was under the exclusive leadership of Jining. After the adjustment, the whole banner covers a total area of 5807 square kilometers. Based on the original division of Guisui County, the whole banner has seven districts, two towns, 111 townships and nine township level residents committees.

On March 6, 1954, the original organizational system of Suiyuan was abolished, and the original jurisdiction was incorporated into Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region; the former Jining Office of Suiyuan was abolished, and the people's Government of Pingdiquan administrative region was established, and tumed banner was led by the people's Government of Pingdiquan administrative region.

In September 1956, the first, second, third and fifth districts of tumed banner were divided into the suburbs of Hohhot.

In May 1956, the three natural villages of Linba, xiaolinba and guguban in the Fifth District of Tumet banner were assigned to Helingeer County.

On June 25, 1956, according to the constitution, the people's Government of tumed banner was changed into the people's Committee of tumed banner. On August 9, 1956, the original 111 grassroots townships (committees) were merged into 50 townships and 2 towns.

On September 2, 1956, a total of 21380 households and 84729 people from 17 and a half townships including taigemu Township, youyouban Township and bakouzi Township in youyouban District of Tumet banner; luojiaying Township, Xiaojing Township, taosihao Township, haoqinying Township and butaqi Township in luojiaying district; Yulin Township, baoheshao Township, Shizi Township, taobuqi Township and dayaozi Township in Yulin township; Qiaobao Township and lamaying Township in Babai district were included in huhehao It's a suburb of Nantes.

On November 11, 1956, the people's Committee of tumed banner ordered the cancellation of youyouban District Office, luojiaying District Office and yulinzi district office. All the townships of the above three districts are under the direct leadership of the people's Committee of the banner.

In July 1957, two district offices, Meidai and Babai, were abolished, under the leadership of the people's committees of their townships and banners. So far, the whole banner has jurisdiction over 2 districts, 2 towns and 33 townships.

On April 5, 1958, Pingdiquan administrative region was changed into Pingdiquan District Commissioner's office, and Tumet banner was led by Pingdiquan District Commissioner's office.

Tribal history

Tumed tribe is a Mongolian tribe with a long history. According to the research, the tumed tribe is the tumati in the period of Genghis Khan. Around the middle of the 15th century, the Tumet tribe was stationed in mufengzhoutan (today's tumechuan).

From the end of the 5th century to the beginning of the 16th century, after Dayan Khan unified Monan Mongolia, each tribe was divided into 30000 left-wing households in Chahar, kalka and wuliangha, and 30000 right-wing households in Ordos, Tumet and yongxiebu. Tumet tribe became one of the six 10000 households in Dayan Khan's Monan Mongolia. At about the end of the 1620s, aletan, the grandson of Dayan Khan, became the main Lord of tumetwanhu. Later, Altan, together with smergen Jinong, led the right-wing forces to fight in the South and North, to fight in the East and West, and grew rapidly. Around 1531, the whole tumed tribe was under the control of Altan. In 1538, aletan obtained the "suodo" Khan number from the central khantin. In 1542, after the death of mergen Chinon, Altan Khan became the de facto leader of the right wing ministries.

In the middle of the 16th century, Altan Khan "envied the richness of Qinghai" and "carried tens of thousands of people to invade and occupy" the area.

Chinese PinYin : Nei Meng Gu Zi Zhi Qu Hu He Hao Te Shi Tu Mo Te Zuo Qi