Lishi District, Luliang City, Shanxi Province

Lishi District, Lvliang City, Lishi district is located in the west of Shanxi Province and the west of the middle part of Lvliang mountains. Its geographical coordinates are 37 ° 21 ′ - 37 ° 42 ′ N and 110 ° 55 ′ - 111 ° 35 ′ e. from the north, it is adjacent to Fangshan County, Jiaocheng County, Wenshui County, Fenyang City, Zhongyang County, Liulin County, Linxian county and other seven counties and cities in clockwise direction. It is the geographical center of the whole Lvliang City and is the government of Lvliang City It is the political, cultural and transportation center of Luliang City. At the same time, Lishi district is the traffic hub of Qin and Jin Dynasties. It is an important center from North China to the West.

Lishi district belongs to the temperate continental climate zone, cold in winter and hot in summer, with four distinct seasons. The district has 7 streets, 2 towns and 3 townships, with a total administrative area of 1324 square kilometers and a total population of 338500 (2018).

History of construction

The history of Lishi district can be traced back to the Warring States period.

In the Warring States period, it was the Lishi town of Zhao; in the Qin Dynasty, it was Taiyuan County; in the Western Han Dynasty, it was Lishi County, which was Xihe County; in the Tang Dynasty, it was recorded in the atlas of Yuanhe County: "lishishui (now Beichuan River) is located in the northeast of the county, which is named Yan because of its name.".

In the 140th year of Yonghe reign of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xihe county was moved here, and all the counties were abolished at the end of the reign of Emperor Ling.

In 221, the second year of the Wei and Huang dynasties in the Three Kingdoms period, the county was restored; Jin belonged to the Xihe state.

In the first year of Yongxing (304), Liu Yuan, commander-in-chief of the Xiongnu left army, launched an anti Jin campaign and established the northern Han regime, with his capital in Lishi; later Yan set up Lishi garrison; Ming emperor of the Northern Wei set up Lishi town; and the third year of Tianbao of the Northern Qi Dynasty (552) set up Changhua County.

In 577, the county was transformed into Shizhou.

At the beginning of Sui Dynasty, Daye was changed into Lishi county.

Shizhou was rebuilt in 618, Changhua in 742 and Shizhou in 758.

From the Northern Song Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty, the county was named Lishi, belonging to Shizhou.

In 1261, the county entered Shizhou, and in 1262, the county was restored.

Ming Hongwu three years (1370) County into Shizhou, Longqing first year (1567) after Mongolia fell into the city, the Department of state affairs of Taiyuan, with the knowledge of Li Chunfang stone, missing stone sound is the same, think its ominous changed to Yongning.

In 1595, Yongning Prefecture was incorporated into Fenzhou Prefecture, and there was no change in the Qing Dynasty for more than 200 years.

Yongning County was rebuilt in 1912, Lishi county was rebuilt in 1914, Lishi county and Fangshan County were established in March 1918, Lidong county was established in 1941, and Lishi county was merged in 1946.

After the founding of new China, Lishi County belonged to Xingxian district; after the abolishment of Xingxian District in 1952, it belonged to Yuci district (later changed to Jinzhong District); in 1954, Lishi and Fangshan merged and the county name was changed to Lishan County; in 1958, Lishan and Zhongyang merged and the county name was changed to Lishi again; after the establishment of Luliang District in May 1971, the former Lishi County moved to Liulin and set up a new suburb of Lishi; in October 1971, Lishi county was changed to Liulin In May 1996, Lishi county was replaced by Lishi city; in June 2004, Lishi city was replaced by Lishi city; in June 2004, Lishi city was replaced by Lishi city.

administrative division

Lishi District governs 7 streets, 2 towns and 3 townships, with a total of 66 communities and 187 administrative villages. The district government is located in the traffic road of Fengshan street.

geographical environment

Location context

Lishi District of Luliang City is located in the west of Shanxi Province, with latitude of 37 ° 21 ′～ 37 ° 42 ′ N and longitude of 110 ° 55 ′～ 111 ° 35 ′ E. The total area of the region is 1324 square kilometers. Lishicheng district is located outside the intersection of Dongchuan River and Beichuan River in the southwest of the hinterland, with an altitude of 920-940 meters. To the East, through Dongchuan and xuegongling, Fenyang is 81 kilometers away from Fenyang; to the northeast, through xiaodongchuan and Luliang Mountain, Wenshui and Jiaocheng are 112 kilometers away from Wenshui and 131 kilometers away from Jiaocheng; to the north, through Beichuan, Fangshan is 47 kilometers away from Fangshan; to the west, through Beichuan, Linxian is 65 kilometers away from Linxian; to the southwest, through Xichuan, Liulin is 30 kilometers away from Liulin; Southeast through Nanchuan to Zhongyang County, 26 kilometers away from Zhongyang County. It is 189 kilometers away from Taiyuan, the capital of Shanxi Province, 720 kilometers away from Beijing, 200 kilometers away from Taiyuan Wusu International Airport, and 800 kilometers away from Tianjin port, the nearest seaport.

Geology and geomorphology

The geological structure of Lishi area is mainly composed of Luliang Taihang fault block, and only the Northwest (West of Matoushan) belongs to the eastern margin of Ordos fault block. Folds and faults are well developed. There are no upper Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Jurassic and Cretaceous strata in the area, but Archean (jietongkou group, Luliangshan group), Proterozoic (Yejishan group), Paleozoic (Cambrian, lower and Middle Ordovician, Carboniferous, Permian), Cenozoic (tertiary and quaternary) strata are exposed and well developed.

Lishi district is located in the hinterland of Luliang Mountain. The terrain is high and wide in the East, low and narrow in the west, with more mountains and less rivers. The Beichuan river flows from north to south, and the Dongchuan river flows through the whole area from east to west. The two rivers flow together in the southwest of the city to join the Nanchuan river at Jiaokou street, and then leave the country and flow into the Yellow River. The highest point is Guji mountain, 2535 meters above sea level, and the lowest point is Sanchuan River Valley, 889 meters above sea level. The eastern part of the area is alpine mountain, with an area of 266.6 square kilometers, accounting for 20% of the total area of the region. It is the main forest area in the region, which is suitable for the development of forestry and animal husbandry. The northeast part of the city is continuous Liangmao earth rock mountain area, with an area of 398.4 square kilometers, accounting for 30% of the total area It is a Loess Hilly and gully area, covering an area of 660 square kilometers, accounting for 50% of the total area. The earth rock mountainous area and the loess hilly area together account for 80% of the total area of the region, which is characterized by mild climate, drought and little rain, but has great potential for development and production, and is a miscellaneous grain production area in the region; the central part is a river valley dominated by Beichuan and Dongchuan, with fertile land, sufficient water resources and concentrated population, and is an important grain and vegetable base in the region.

From the southeast to the northeast of the area, Luliang Mountain runs through the north and south, which is the main barrier. It is mainly the "dome like uplift of Guandi mountain". It starts from Guji mountain in the north, ends at Xuegong mountain in the south, and connects dufengpo mountain in Zhongyang County, with a length of about 80 km. It is the branch or aftervein of Luliang Mountain. Jianshan is a branch of xiaoshentou and the mountains in the south of Xinyi. It runs East-West from songhoumao in the east to wangyingzhuang in the West. It is about 30 kilometers long and opposite to beihaishan in the south across beihaigou. The eastern part is forest vegetation, and the western part is sparse forest and dense irrigation. The branch of beihaishan is located in the west of chenjiata and wangzhizhuanggou (Wucheng fault) and extends southwest to the North Ridge of youfangping. It is about 15 km long and opposite to Jianshan branch across beihaigou. It has dense forest and shrub and grass. Starting from the branch of Yunshan mountain, it is the mountains to the south of dadongchuan, with east-west trend. It starts from xuegongling in the East, extends southwest to rutian mountain in the southwest of wangyingzhuang Donggou, and is bounded by Zhongyang in the south, about 35 km long. Most of them are dense shrub or shrub grass vegetation. There are Yulin mountain and Shuangshan mountain in the north of Chengbei street in the north of the District, which is north-south and extends northward to Fangshan County. In the northwest of the territory, there are Matou mountains, which are north-south by west, extending northward to Fangshan County and southward to Shenxian mountain in Zaolin. At the junction of the West and Liulin County, there are wanglaopo mountain and wutongyan mountain, both of which are north-south by East.

Climatic characteristics

Lishi is located in the Loess Plateau of Western Shanxi Province. The climate is temperate continental monsoon climate, with frost free period of 110-170 days. The annual average temperature is 8.9 ℃, the lowest is - 25.5 ℃ (January 22, 1971), and the highest is 38.9 ℃ (June 21, 1966). The annual sunshine hours is 2633.8 hours, the average sunshine rate is 60%, the effective accumulated temperature is 3298 ℃, and the annual evaporation is 1850.8 mm. The maximum wind speed is 3.1 m / s. The annual average precipitation is 450-550 mm. The statistical data from 1954 to 1990 show that the annual rainfall in Lishi district is less than 300 mm, accounting for 8.3%, 300-400 mm, 30.6%, 500-600 mm, 13.9%, and more than 600 mm, accounting for 27.8%. The seasonal rainfall distribution in this year is dry in spring, wet in summer, 23.4% of the annual rainfall from January to June, and 62.3% of the annual rainfall from July to September.

Hydrologic soil

hydrology

The surface water in the area belongs to the Yellow River system. Except that the area to the west of Matoushan in the West belongs to the tributary of Qiushui River, and the area around Xihua town in the East belongs to the tributary of Sandaochuan River, the rest belong to the first-class tributary of Sanchuan River. Because it is located in the Loess Plateau of Western Shanxi, the terrain is high in the northeast and low in the southwest, with dadongchuan, xiaodongchuan and Beichuan. The Dachuan is fan-shaped, and the valleys grow into branches. Under the cutting of nature, the shallow ones are ditches, and the deep ones are valleys and rivers. With the development of water system and dense water network, the natural landscape of continuous mountains, undulating hills, crisscross gullies and orderly valleys is formed. There are 387 gullies more than 1 km, 307 of which are less than 3 km, 43 of which are 3-5 km, 28 of which are 10 km, and 9 of which are more than 10 km. The area of Sanchuan River Basin accounts for 71% of the total area of the region, reaching 946.6 square kilometers. There are 61 Koizumi water less than 2 L / s in the whole area, mainly distributed in 11 Pingtou Township, 8 Zaolin Township, 4 xiyuba street, 6 Chengbei street, 1 Lianhua street, 2 Hongyanchuan Township, 2 Jiaokou street, 21 Xinyi town and 6 Wucheng town. There are 7 springs of more than 2 litres / sec, namely Wucheng Grottoes spring, oil flat spring, lotus pond spring, Ma Mao Zhuang spring, perfume rock spring, Beihai mountain spring, and Longshan spring.

soil

Chinese PinYin : Shan Xi Sheng Lv Liang Shi Li Shi Qu