Pengyang County, Guyuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Pengyang County, belonging to Guyuan City of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, is located at the southern edge of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and the eastern foot of Liupan, between 106 ° 32 '- 106 ° 58' e and 35 ° 4L '- 36 ° 17' n. It is adjacent to Yuanzhou District of Guyuan City in Ningxia in the west, Zhenyuan County of Qingyang City, Kongtong District of Pingliang City, Huanxian County of Qingyang City in Gansu Province in the East, South and North. In 1983, the county was built in the former Guyuan county. It now has 4 towns, 8 townships, 156 administrative villages and 6 residential committees. The total registered residence of the population is 250 thousand and 300, of which 189 thousand and 100 are rural residents, accounting for 75.22%. The Hui nationality has 77 thousand and 600 people, 30.98%, the population density is 98.81 / sq km, the resident population is 196 thousand and 600, the total land area is 196 thousand and 600 square kilometers, and the cultivated land area is about Mu. The government is located in Baiyang town.

Pengyang County is a typical temperate semi-arid continental monsoon climate, rich in wheat, corn, flax, buckwheat, beans and other crops, known as "granary oil basin". In 2016, the county's GDP was 4.370 billion yuan, the local public budget revenue was 219 million yuan, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 21612 yuan, an increase of 7.8%, and the per capita disposable income of rural residents was 7861 yuan, an increase of 9.8%.

It has been honored as China's advanced afforestation County, advanced soil and water conservation County, advanced grain for Green County, green model county, advanced safe construction county, National Garden County, China's civilized county, advanced nutrition improvement County for rural students, advanced mass sports County, and national science and technology progress county.

On April 26, 2019, the 34th executive meeting of the people's Government of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region deliberated and passed the report on the sequence of withdrawing Longde County, Jingyuan County and Pengyang County from poverty-stricken counties, and formally agreed to withdraw the above three counties from poverty-stricken counties. On December 6, 2019, it was selected as the pilot unit of promoting the quality improvement of farmers' cooperatives in the whole county.

In July 2020, the National Patriotic Health Association confirmed Pengyang County as the national health county in 2019. In October 2020, it was rated as the national model city (county) of double support.

Historical evolution

Archaeological findings show that the linger and Liuhe sites in the late Paleolithic period and the stone tools and animal fossils in their horizons all indicate that primitive human beings lived in the territory as long as 30000 years ago. By the Neolithic age around 3000 BC, the ancestors in the territory had been engaged in animal husbandry and agricultural production. The territory used to be the place where Fuxi, Nuwa and other human ancestors lived.

Yu Zhu "nine tripods" divided the world into nine states. Pengyang belonged to Yongzhou and lived in Rongdi tribe.

In Pengyang, Gui Fang, Qiang Fang and other ethnic groups live. Gao Zong's wife and wife were good at uniting the army to attack Qiang. According to the book of changes, in the late Shang Dynasty, the local population increased and the economic and military strength became very strong.

According to the records of the Han Dynasty, "in the anding Valley, the old soil of Kunrong", Kunrong, the largest branch of the Rong people, lived in Pengyang and nearby areas. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, Guyuan was called the territory of Dayuan. When King Mu of the Zhou Dynasty arrived, Rong di bugong sent troops to the west to fight against Canrong, captured five kings, and moved to Dayuan. During the reign of King Yi of Zhou Dynasty, he ordered the Duke Guo to lead six divisions to defeat the army of Dayuan. As for Yu Quan, he got thousands of horses. In the fifth year of emperor xuanwang of Zhou Dynasty (823 BC), Yao Yu attacked the North Bank of zhoujing river. Yin Jifu counterattacked to Dayuan, and there was an inscription on xijiapan to record the incident. According to the records of the historian Zhou Benji, "since King Xuan was the master of the southern kingdom, he was the material of the people in Dayuan." It was in the 39th year of King Xuan of Zhou Dynasty (789 BC) that the local population was investigated.

Pengyang belongs to the residential area of yiqurong. At that time, the state of Qin was located in Guanzhong. Since "King Ping moved to the East and gave Qin the land of Qi Xi, the land of Qin became bigger and bigger, and Qin made great efforts to govern." He conquered Xirong and merged with the weak princes. In the 30th year of Duke mu of Qin Dynasty (623 BC), he used Yu Ji to attack the king of Rong. "He was also a 12-year-old state and opened up a thousand miles of land." Live in ".

In the 33rd year of Duke li of Qin Dynasty (444 BC), Qin attacked Yiqu and captured King Rong of Yiqu. In the fifth year of gengyuan (320 BC), King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty attacked Yiqu, took Yuzhi (now Qingyang, Gansu Province), and then attacked Yiqu in the eleventh year of gengyuan (314 BC). He got 25 cities, destroyed Wushi Rong, and set up Wushi county (now Jingyuan County). Since then, King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty wanted to invade Chu, and once put Wen curse Chu in chaonaqiu (now Pengyang ancient town). In the 35th year of King Zhaoxiang (272 BC), Empress Dowager Xuan seduced and killed king yiqurong, and Qin destroyed the state of yiquguo. Beidi county was set up in the county. Chaona county (Modern and ancient town) was set up with Chaona city in Pengyang as the center. The ruins of the Great Wall in the county are the northern edge of Chaona county.

After Qin exterminated the six states, the system of enfeoffment was abolished, and the whole country was divided into 36 counties, Chaona County belonged to Beidi county.

In the 27th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (220 BC), the first emperor visited Beidi and Longxi via Chaona. In the 33rd year of the first emperor (215 BC), general Meng Tian sent 300000 troops to attack Xiongnu in the north, and the territory expanded to the north. Chaona county was relatively located in the inland, which created a good social environment for the local economic development. According to the records of Shi Ji, the biography of cargo colonization: "Wushi's animal husbandry and heavy selling. He asked for strange things and offered them to the king. Rong King ten times its compensation, and livestock, livestock to the amount of grain horse and cattle. The first emperor of the Qin Dynasty ordered him to be granted the title of king, so that he could be invited to the court by his ministers. " According to the scattered historical materials in the literature, Shanbao (Yan Shi SAI) in Xinji Township and Wubao (Wu Shi Bao) in Chengyang township are related to Wu Shi Luo.

At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, the local establishment still followed the system of prefectures and counties. The prefectures had the posts of prefect and Duwei, and Chaona county was the branch of Duwei in Beidi county. In the winter of the 14th year of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty (166bc), the Xiongnu laoshangshan rode into chaonaxiaoguan, killed the Duwei of beidijun and plundered them for more than a month. In the third year of Yuanding (114 BC), Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty set up anding County in Beidi County, which governed Gaoping (now Yuanzhou District). It was attached to the Department of history of Liangzhou and led 21 counties, including Gaoping, Chaona and Wushi. In the fifth year of Yuanding (112BC), Emperor Wu "made Qiuyuan ancestral temple Chaona". The historian Sima Qian accompanied him to record the victory. Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty once visited anding North six times and went to Jingchao Na. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty, changed the name of the country to a new one, and changed most of the place names and official names. In China, there are twelve prefectures and one Sili Prefecture. Chaona county still belongs to anding County of Liangzhou.

In the fifth year of emperor Yongchu of Han an (111), due to the uprising of the Qiang Nationality in the north, the three counties, such as anding, were ordered to move to meiyang (today's Wugong County in Shaanxi Province). In the 129th year of emperor Shundi's Yongjian reign, he ordered three counties to be moved to return the old land. "Guo Huang, the visitor, urged the migrants to return to the old county, repaired the city walls and set up the waiting post." And Jingyang province into Chaona County, the county area expanded to the northwest of Pingliang. In the sixth year of Yonghe (141), the eastern and Western Qiang met, and their power was very strong. They moved to anding County in Fufeng (now Xinping County, Shaanxi Province). In the first year of emperor Xiandi's Chuping reign (190), Xinping County was set up because of the division of Anding county and Fufeng County, and Chaona county was returned with the county.

Cao Wei restored the establishment of nine states in Yugong, and Chaona County belonged to anding County of Yongzhou (governing Linjing). At this time, Gaoping County (now Yuanzhou District) was located on the boundary between the Cao Wei regime and the Qiang Hu, so Gaoping County was abandoned into Chaona county. The jurisdiction of Anding county was also greatly reduced, with only Chaona and other six counties south of Gaoping.

Jin divided the whole country into "all 19 prefectures, 173 prefectures". Chaona county still belongs to anding County of Yongzhou. In the Western Jin Dynasty, ethnic minorities in the North continued to move southward. In addition to the original Han, Di and Qiang nationalities, there were Xiongnu, Xianbei, XiuTu, Baidi, Huangshi and other ethnic groups. The "Pingliang zahu" in historical books refers to the ethnic minorities in Chaona county. In the Sixteen States of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Chaona County belonged to five Minority Regimes, namely, the former Zhao, the latter Zhao, the former Qin, the latter Qin and the Xia. Before Zhao Dynasty, Chaona County belonged to anding County of Yongzhou and Longdong county (governing Jingyang, now Pingliang anding country town), and set up Shuozhou animal husbandry in Gaoping (now Yuanzhou District). Later Zhao followed former Zhao Jianzhi. In 358, the second year of Yongxing in Fujian, the former Qin Dynasty, Pingliang county was established in yangjinchuan, the former Chaona county. The county was governed by Jinxi, the leader of XiuTu nationality, who lived in Xinji County. In the later Qin Dynasty, Pingliang county was one of the five Lingbei counties in Beiyong Prefecture. In summer, Helian did not set up counties, but mainly cities. County pingliangcheng (now Xinji township) is Liangzhou. In the first year of Xia Shengguang (428), helianding was located in Pingliang City and served as a temporary capital for nearly three years. Shengguang two years (429) in the "Yao Qin huangshigu (now Honghe rural) set up the great wall guard.".

The Northern Wei, the Western Wei and the Northern Zhou dynasties successively governed the present county. In 430, Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty led his army to fight against Pingliang City (now Xinji rural area), which was sunk in the city. Xia emperor he even ran up to Ying (now Tianshui City, Gansu Province), and Pingliang City returned to Wei. In 431, Weiqian county was ruled by Yinpan (now east of Pingliang City, Gansu Province). In the third year of Yanhe (434), Wei killed Jin Ya, the leader of XiuTu people in the county. The XiuTu people made Jin Ya the leader of jindangchuan, their younger brother, and fought against Wei. In the second year of Taiyan (436), Wei set up Gaoping town (now Yuanzhou District), which governs the area to the north of the great wall of Warring States and Qin Dynasty. To the south of the Great Wall is Chaona County, Longdong County, Jingzhou. Zhengguang five years (524) to Gaoping town home Yuanzhou, Gaoping jurisdiction, the Great Wall two counties. The great wall county leads Huangshi county and baichi County, and the county government is located in Huangshi County, that is, the former site of the great wall guard, huangshigu (now the ancient city site of Youlian village, Honghe township). Huangshi county is under the jurisdiction of the former Chaona County, and baichi county (county governance to be examined) is under the jurisdiction of the former Gaoping town. At the beginning of the Western Wei Dynasty, it was established along the Northern Wei Dynasty. In 553, Huangshi county was changed into Changcheng county. In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Yuanzhou governor's office was set up, leading Pinggao (now Yuanzhou District) and Changcheng county. In the first year of emperor Jiande's reign (572), Pingliang county was set up in Chuanping Liangcheng (now Xinji township) of Yangjin Dynasty, belonging to Changcheng County, and baichi county was abandoned.

States, counties and counties in the southern and Northern Dynasties in the early Sui Dynasty

Chinese PinYin : Ning Xia Hui Zu Zi Zhi Qu Gu Yuan Shi Peng Yang Xian