Yingjisha County, Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Yingjisha County, Yingjisha, Uighur, means "new town". In Qing Dynasty, the western regions atlas was written by yinggasar. Since ancient times, it was an important town between Yeerqiang and Kashgar, where the military platform was set up in the Qing Dynasty. In 1759, after the rebellion of Da, Xiao and zhuomu was put down, it was named yingjisha'er.

Yingjisha county is located in the southwest of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the northern foot of Kunlun Mountain and the western edge of Tarim Basin. It borders Shache County in the East, aketao County in the southwest and northwest, and Shule and yuepuhu counties in the northeast. It is famous as "the hometown of Chinese knife", "the hometown of Chinese semati apricot" and "the hometown of Dawaz". It is the post station of the ancient land Silk Road and one of the eight important towns in southern Xinjiang.

Yingjisha County covers a total area of 3425 square kilometers, governs 2 towns and 12 townships, with a cultivated area of 380300 mu, including Uygur, Han, Hui, Uzbek, Kirgiz, Kazak, etc., with a total population of 284000 (2013).

In 2013, the GDP of Yingjisha county was 2531 million yuan, an increase of 13.36% compared with 2012.

On September 25, 2018, it won the honorary title of "2018 e-commerce into rural comprehensive demonstration county" of the Ministry of Commerce.

In 2020, Yingjisha county will withdraw from the sequence of poverty-stricken counties and achieve poverty alleviation.

Historical evolution

Before the founding of the county

Before the second year of shenjue in the Western Han Dynasty (60 BC), the mountains in Yingjisha were under the jurisdiction of yinaixing state, and the plains were under the jurisdiction of Zhenzhong city state. In the second year of shenjue in the Western Han Dynasty (60 BC), the Han government set up the Duhufu of the western regions in Wulei to command the countries in the western regions. Yingjisha was incorporated into the territory of the Han Dynasty and was under the jurisdiction of the Duhufu of the western regions. In the 29th year of the reign of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Shache king, who was granted the title of grand Duwei of the western regions for his meritorious deeds against Xiongnu. In the fourth year of Yongping (61st year) of the Ming emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Khotan, which dominated the western margin of the Tarim Basin. In the 17th year of Yongping, Emperor Ming of the Eastern Han Dynasty (74th year), ban Chao settled in the western regions and was under the jurisdiction of the western regions' Duhu of the Han Dynasty. In the 14th year of Yongyuan (102), Emperor he of the Eastern Han Dynasty, banchao, the governor of the western regions, returned to Beijing under the imperial edict. The western regions rebelled against each other, and Yinai and Zhenzhong stood on their own. In the first year of emperor an Yongchu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (107), the northern Xiongnu controlled the western regions, and Yingjisha became its territory. In the 127th year of Emperor Shun's Yongjian reign in the Eastern Han Dynasty, ban Yong, the governor of the western regions, together with Zhang Lang, the Dunhuang prefect, recaptured the western regions.

In 222, Yingjisha was granted by the imperial court to return to the central government, and was granted by the imperial court to the emperor of Shule. Yinai and Zhenzhong were annexed by Shule, but they were still under the protection of Wuji Xiaowei, who was reestablished by Wei in the western regions. In 504, the first year of Xuanwu reign in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Da Yue Congling occupied the state of Shule, and Yingjisha became a dependency of Da.

In the first year of Daye of Sui Dynasty (605), the West Turks occupied Shule, and Yingjisha controlled the West Turks.

In the third year of Tang Xianqing (658), the Western Turks were defeated and retreated to the western regions. In the Tang Dynasty, Shule Dudu Fu was set up to govern Yingjisha. In the first year of Tang Xianheng (670), Tibet occupied Yingjisha for more than 20 years, and returned to the central government in the first year of Wu Zetian (692). In 840, Yingjisha was under the jurisdiction of the East karahan Dynasty.

In the first year of Kangguo in the Western Liao Dynasty (1134), the courtiers of dongkalahan belonged to the Western Liao Dynasty, and the Yingjisha area then belonged to the Western Liao Dynasty.

In 1217, Genghis Khan sent troops to capture Kashgar, and daruhuachi (supervisor) guarded Yingjisha. Since then, it has always belonged to the Yuan Dynasty.

In 1514, Sayid Khan, a descendant of Chagatai, established the Yeerqiang state, and Yingjisha was under its jurisdiction.

In 1680, under the leadership of Baishan sect and zhuoabak of Uygur nationality, the Mongolian Junggar tribe destroyed the Yeerqiang khanate, and Yingjisha was once controlled by Junggar. In 1759, after the Qing government calmed down the rebellion of xiaohezhuo, Yingjisha was designated as a medium-sized city, and a Sipin archimberg was appointed to take charge of the political affairs. In 1763, the Qing government set up counsellors in Kashgar to manage the affairs of Yingjisha and other eight southern cities. In 1766, the Qing government set up a leading minister in Yingjisha, who acted as an agent of Frontier affairs and civil affairs, and was controlled by the Minister of Kashgar. In 1882, the Qing government set up a patrol road in Kashgar, acting for Yingjisha and other four western cities. In 1884, the Qing government planned to build Xinjiang Province, and set Yingjisha as Zhili hall, named Yingjisha, under the jurisdiction of Kashgar road.

After the founding of the county

In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), the direct subordinate department of Yingjisha was changed into a secondary County, named Yingjisha, and set up a county office, which was subordinate to Kashgar sub patrol road. In the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927), the position of Dao Yin was abolished in Xinjiang. Each Dao was renamed as an administrative region, the county office was renamed as the county government, and the county magistrate was renamed as the county magistrate. Kashgar has a chief executive office in Shufu county (now Kashgar City), and Yingjisha is under the jurisdiction of Kashgar chief executive office. In 1943, Kashgar chief executive's office was renamed the third administrative inspector general's office of Xinjiang Province, and Yingjisha was under the jurisdiction of the third district administrative inspector general's office.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Yingjisha county was first under the leadership of Kashgar special region, and in 1954, it was under the jurisdiction of Southern Xinjiang administrative office. In 1956, the southern Xinjiang administrative office was abolished and returned to the leadership of the newly established Kashgar Commissioner's office. In 1969, it was led by Kashgar regional Revolutionary Committee. Since 1979, it has been under the leadership of Kashgar regional administrative office.

administrative division

Yingjisha County governs 2 towns and 12 townships. Yingjisha Town, Wuqia Town, Chengguan Township, qiaolepan Township, longfu Township, mangxin Township, setili Township, sahan Township, yingye'er Township, Kizil Township, topruk Township, sugeti Township, aigus Township and yigeziye'er township.

geographical environment

position

Yingjisha county is located in the southwest of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the northern foot of Kunlun Mountain and the western edge of Tarim Basin; it borders Shache County in the East, aktao County in the southwest and northwest, and Shule and yuepuhu counties in the northeast.

Geology and geomorphology

Yingjisha county belongs to the xikashi depression in the southern margin of Tarim Basin. Bounded between Tianshan Mountains and Kunlun Hercynian fold belt, it is fan-shaped, open in the East, contracted westward, and goes straight to the border. The fold structure of Mesozoic Cenozoic strata forms a wide and gentle syncline between the Kashi Atushi Anticline of Tianshan Piedmont fold in the northwest of Kashi and the Yingjisha Anticline of Kunlun piedmont fold in the south. Since the Quaternary, it has been in a state of relative subsidence, while the mountain area has been constantly uplifted. Later, a large number of clastic materials brought by glacial activities and water flow in the mountain area were accepted by the syncline. Therefore, it has become a broad alluvial plain of Kushan River inclined from southwest to northeast, covered with thick Quaternary sediments, which has become the geological basis of the Qianshan area and the alluvial plain of Kushan River in Yingjisha county. Under this thick overburden, there are different strata developed in different geological ages. According to the analysis of geologists, there are the following types of strata in Yingjisha county.

（1） Upper middle Carboniferous

It belongs to Gaizi group, extending from the north of Gaizi village to the county. It is mainly composed of conglomerate sandstone variegated shale with dolomite carbonate interbedding.

（2） Middle and lower Jurassic

It belongs to Yeerqiang group, extending from kuslafu of Yeerqiang River to khantilik and Kizil of Kushan River, and is a continental lacustrine deposit. There are variegated sandstone, argillaceous siltstone, red interbedding, intercalated coal seam coal line, containing plant fossils.

（3） Upper Cretaceous

It belongs to the Yingjisha group, distributed in the Kunlun Mountain front area, north of hantilike, and belongs to marine sediments. The lithology is mainly composed of mudstone, limestone, calcareous sandstone and dolomite with gypsum and bioclastic.

（4） Upper Pleistocene

It belongs to Xinjiang Group, distributed in the southeast of Kushan estuary, represented by Gobi gravel layer, forming alluvium, flood alluvium and water deposit.

The landform of Yingjisha county can be divided into four types: plain, denuded hilly area, gully land and reservoir.

1、 Plain

（1） Piedmont Plain

It is a proluvial alluvial plain formed by Kushan River, yigeziye River and various mountain flood gullies, distributed in the piedmont of Qianshan Mountain. The alluvial fan is a gravel belt. The slope is relatively large, and the terrain inclines from south to northeast, close to kalak mountain. Due to the influence of uplift mountains, some areas incline from northwest to Southeast. The groundwater level is deep. Below the pluvial fan body, with the slope becoming gentle, it gradually turns into fine soil sediment, which is an irrigated oasis with a width of 2-10km. The southeast is followed by aeolian terrain, which is connected with the bugulam desert.

（2） Alluvial plain

It is the alluvial plain of Kushan river. It is located in the north of kalak mountain. The terrain is long and narrow, but the terrain is flat. The slope of the middle and lower part of the plain is 3 ‰ - 4 ‰, and it inclines slightly from southwest to northeast. Most of the phreatic water is buried below 3 meters, which is the main agricultural area. However, in some low yield areas, plain and north part (part of alluvial fan edge in Kashgar), the groundwater level is relatively high, and phreatic water is consumed strongly by evaporation and transpiration, forming a large area of saline meadow soil and saline soil.

（3） Desert plain

1. The area of bugulam desert is large, which is composed of sand dune and gravel beach, so its utilization value is not great.

2. There are 23 scattered Gobi desert areas, covering an area of 445.5 square kilometers, of which 8 are relatively large. Most of these deserts, Gobi and beaches are uninhabited and have no use value for the time being. Only sand dunes close to farmland are used as natural grazing sites.

(1) Bosugakumu desert is located 22 kilometers northeast of Kizil Township, covering an area of about 30 square kilometers, extending from southeast to northwest.

(2) Tuzisayi Gobi is located 13 kilometers west of the residence of aigus township government, covering an area of about 36 square kilometers

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