Golmud City, Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province

Golmud Golmud City belongs to Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province. Golmud City is located in the central and western part of Qinghai Province and the hinterland of Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The terrain of Golmud City is complex, which can be roughly divided into two parts: basin plateau and the northern foot of Tanggula Mountain. It has a typical plateau continental climate. It has a total area of 118954.18 square kilometers and governs 5 streets, 2 towns and 2 townships. In 2017, the permanent population is 240494, with 27 ethnic minorities.

"Golmud" is a Mongolian translation, and also translated as gaolumusi, golimao, and Golmud, which means "a place with dense rivers"; Golmud is a strategic fortress connecting Tibet, Xinjiang, and Gansu in Qinghai and a transportation hub in Western China, where the three main highways of Qinghai Tibet, Qinghai Xinjiang, and Dunhe meet; the Qinghai Tibet railway has been opened to traffic; there are the source of the Yangtze River, wanzhang salt bridge, and snow mountains in the territory Golmud Kunlun tourist area is a national 4A scenic spot with glacier, Kunlun snow, sunrise in the vast sea, desert forest and other natural landscapes. In September 2018, it won the honorary title of "2018 e-commerce into rural comprehensive demonstration county" of the Ministry of Commerce, and was approved by the people's Government of Qinghai Province to withdraw from poverty-stricken counties.

In 2018, Golmud's GDP was 36.858 billion yuan, an increase of 8.2% over the previous year at comparable prices. By industry, the added value of the primary industry was 512 million yuan, an increase of 7.8%; the added value of the secondary industry was 25.08 billion yuan, an increase of 7.7%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 11.266 billion yuan, an increase of 9.5%. In 2018, the national health city (District) was reconfirmed. Top 100 counties and cities in Western China in 2019. On December 31, 2019, it will be selected as a typical county of rural innovation and entrepreneurship in China. In October 2020, it was rated as the national model city (county) of double support.

Historical evolution

During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian passed through the western regions for the first time, and once returned through the Qaidam Basin. Because this is the active area of the Qiang people, it is known as the "middle road of the Qiang people" in history.

At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Tuyuhun tribe of Xianbei moved to Gansu Qinghai region, and then gradually became strong, with Qinghai as its activity center.

In the northern and Southern Dynasties, with the support of the majority of Qiang people, the unity of the long scattered Qiang people was realized, and the United Power of Tuyuhun state was established, with Xianbei as the center and the leaders of the Qiang people. Golmud area became the territory of Tuyuhun state.

In the fifth year of Daye (609) of emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty destroyed the state of Tuguhun, and set up four prefectures, Xihai, Heyuan and Shanshan Qiemo, in which Xihai governs the former capital of Tuyuhun, fuchaocheng (tiebuqia ancient city, 15 Li west of Qinghai Lake), and Xuande and weiding are set up under the prefecture. Weiding County governs about Dulan county. From then on, Golmud area was officially incorporated into the territory of the Central Plains unified dynasty,. After the Sui Dynasty died, Tuyuhun returned to his hometown.

In the early Tang Dynasty, the kingdom of Tubo rose in Tibet. In 663, the third year of Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty, Tubo destroyed the state of Tuguhun and occupied the native place of Tuguhun. After the split of the Tubo kingdom in the middle of the 9th century, the Golmud area, like other parts of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, was in the situation of tribal separatism.

In the middle of the 13th century, the Yuan Dynasty began to directly control the whole Tibetan area, ending the 400 year separatist situation of the Tibetan Plateau. During the reign of Emperor Shun of Yuan Dynasty (1333-1368), he granted the Mongolian nobleman buyantemur the title of King Ning and led Mongolian soldiers to guard Qaidam.

In the Ming Dynasty, four guards, Ding'an, a'duan, Qu Xian and Han Dong, were set up in the base. It is known as "four guards outside the great wall of Xining" in history. Golmud area once belonged to the activity scope of the four Wei Zhongqu Xianwei. In the early years of Zhengde of Ming Dynasty (1506), eastern Mongolia entered the Qaidam area, broke the four guards, and served in Zhufan. In the middle of the 16th century, adahan, the leader of the Mongolian tumed tribe, led tens of thousands of people into Qinghai. About half a century later, the Mongolian kalka tribe occupied Qinghai. In the autumn of the ninth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1636), under the leadership of gushihan, one of the four Mongolian tribes of weilat, the Heshuote tribe entered Qinghai from today's Yili, Xinjiang. A few years later, it settled Weizang and ruled the Tibetan areas of the whole country.

In 1725, the Qing Dynasty began to rule the Mongolian and Tibetan areas directly. It demarcated the nomadic boundaries of Qinghai, imitated the zhasak system in Inner Mongolia, and unified them into 29 banners, which were divided into two leagues, the left and the right.

After the founding of the Republic of China, the "league flag system" was used. In the autumn of 1917, Ma Qi, the garrison envoy of Ninghai, Gansu Province, set up the Dulan Council in Dulan Temple (now the east of Wulan county). In 1930, the second year after the founding of Qinghai Province, it was changed to Dulan County, including the West Right Wing Middle Banner, the ten Mongolian banners in Xianxian, which were nomadic in Golmud area, and the five Tibetan Nationalities were under the jurisdiction of Dulan county. In May 1939, a new administration bureau was set up in Delingha, and a new administration bureau was set up in listong, heshuotexiyouzhong banner. In 1946, a new administration bureau was established. TaiJiNai and other banners were still under the jurisdiction of Dulan county.

In August 1952, Gansu, Qinghai and new China jointly sent representatives to carry out the political struggle for the Kazakh people in an all-round way. Representatives from Qinghai, such as hamu and nihamati, came to altunquk and recalled 205 families from the Kunlun Mountains. The CPC Dulan County Committee decided that hamu, who was then the deputy head of Dulan County, and nihamati, who was then the vice chairman of the county government, would exercise power on behalf of the government in altunquk. From then on, Golmud was officially liberated.

In September 1953, during the visit to Golmud by the ethnic delegation of the northwest administrative committee, it announced the establishment of the Preparatory Committee for the altentluk Kazakh autonomous region.

In July 1954, the first people's Congress of altunquk autonomous region was held, and the people's Government of Haixi altunquk Kazakh autonomous region was formally established.

In March 1956, the Golmud Working Committee (approved by the CPC Central Committee in October 1959) was established as a leading body at the county level.

In November 1960, the 105th plenary session of the State Council approved the abolition of the Golmud Working Committee and the establishment of Golmud City.

In March 1966, Golmud county was established.

In June 1980, Golmud county was re established as a city.

In August 2001, the east city administrative committee, the West City Administrative Committee and the Qarhan administrative committee were set up as agencies of the Municipal People's government.

administrative division

As of October 2018, Golmud has jurisdiction over 5 streets, 2 towns and 2 townships, and set up 3 administrative committees. The Municipal People's government is stationed at No. 001, Bayi East Road.

geographical environment

Location context

Golmud City is located in the west of Qinghai Province and the south central edge of Qaidam Basin. It is subordinate to Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province. The whole area of Golmud City is composed of Qaidam Basin area and Tanggula Mountain area. Qaidam Basin is the main part of the urban area. It is located in the southwest of Qaidam Basin, adjacent to Kekexili Nature Reserve in the south, Dulan County in the East, Dachaidan and Mangya Administrative Region in the north, and Ruoqiang County in Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in the West. Its geographical coordinates are 35 ° 11 ′ - 37 ° 48 ′ N and 91 ° 43 ′ - 95 ° 51 ′ e, and its east-west length is 450 km It is 225 kilometers wide from north to South and covers an area of 71414.10 square kilometers. Tanggula Mountain area is located in the southwest of Qaidam Basin, bordering Tibet Autonomous Region in the South and southwest, and adjacent to Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the East and North. Its geographical coordinates are 32 ° 44 ′ - 34 ° 56 ′ N and 89 ° 39 ′ - 93 ° 30 ′ e. it is 425 km away from Geermu city, 293 km long in the East and West, 173 km wide in the north and south, covering an area of 47540.08 square kilometers. Golmud has a total area of 118954.18 square kilometers.

topographic features

The terrain of Golmud City is complex, which can be divided into two parts: the basin plateau and the northern foot of Tanggula Mountain. The plateau of the basin is 2625-3350 meters above sea level. It is generally distributed in concentric circles in topographic structure and geomorphic features. From the southern edge to the center of the basin, it is followed by high mountains, Gobi, wind eroded hills, plains and salt lakes. According to the landform type, it can be divided into mountain and plain. Mountain can be divided into extremely high mountain, high mountain and middle mountain. Extremely high mountains are distributed in the main ridge of Tanggula Mountain and zuerkenwula mountain. The altitude is more than 5800 meters, and the relative elevation difference is 1000-2500 meters. It is a very high mountain with great fluctuation. Its peak height is generally more than 6000 meters. The highest peak is Geladandong snow peak, with an altitude of 6621 meters. The high mountains are distributed in the East Kunlun Mountain in the south of Golmud City, buehanbuda mountain in the East, shasongwula mountain in the west of Golmud River and zuerkenwula mountain in Tanggula area. The mountain ranges from 3000 to 4000 meters above sea level, with a relative elevation difference of 200 to 1000 meters. It belongs to the medium altitude small fluctuation mountain and medium fluctuation mountain. The trend of the mountain is consistent with that of the high altitude mountain.

The plains in Golmud City can be divided into high altitude plain, high altitude proluvial plain, middle Haiba proluvial plain, middle Haiba alluvial proluvial plain, middle Haiba alluvial lacustrine plain, middle Haiba salt lake sedimentary plain and middle altitude denudation plain. High altitude plain is distributed in Tanggula Mountain and zuerkenwula mountain Intermountain basin and valley. The high-altitude proluvial plain is mainly located in the wide valley of the river source of Nalenggele River and Golmud River, with an altitude of about 4000 meters, and is composed of gravel. The middle Haiba proluvial plain is distributed in the piedmont of the north side of buerhanbuda mountain, which is connected by the alluvial fans formed by the Golmud River, dazaohuo River, Wutumeiren River and nalengele river. The middle altitude alluvial proluvial plain is distributed in the north of dagele Golmud Wutumeiren line. The middle elevation alluvial lacustrine plain is distributed between the alluvial and salt lake sedimentary plain. Zhonghaiba salt lake sedimentary plain, also known as salt chemical sedimentary plain, is distributed in the East and West Dabson lake, East taijinaer lake and gansen lake

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