Qiemo County, Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Qiemo County Qiemo county is located in the south of Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, the north foot of Kunlun Mountain and Altun mountain, and the southeast margin of Tarim Basin. It is 280 km away from Ruoqiang County in the East, 315 km away from Minfeng County in Hotan Area in the west, the Altun Mountain in the south, the Kunlun Mountain in the East and the Tibet Autonomous Region in the East, the Taklimakan Desert in the north and Yuli County in the north, and Shaya County in Aksu Area in the northwest, with a maximum width of 320 km from east to west and a maximum length of 460 km from south to north.

Qiemo town is 1270 km away from Urumqi. The total area is 138680 square kilometers, second only to Ruoqiang County, which is the second largest county in China. The total population is 100200, of which 73% are ethnic minorities and 27% are Han;

In the total area, the mountainous area is 62300 square kilometers, accounting for 44.42%; the desert area is 53800 square kilometers, accounting for 38.37%; the Piedmont inclined plain area is 24100 square kilometers, accounting for 17.21%. National Highway 315 and Tazhong desert highway cross the county. The county seat is 667 kilometers away from jingtaqie desert highway in Korla, the capital of the Autonomous Prefecture.

In 2018, the national health county (township) was reconfirmed.

Historical evolution

In the Han Dynasty, Qiemo county was established in 1914, named after the ancient country. The Uygur language is called "qiarqiang", which has been translated into Chechen, kaqiang and so on. Qiemo first appeared in the book of Han, which was the state of JUMO. "Qiemo" is written in the annals of the Three Kingdoms. In the third year of Jianyuan (138 BC) of the Western Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian went to the western regions and brought Qiemo back to the mainland for the first time. Since then, Qiemo's ties with the mainland have been continuously strengthened. In 442, the king of Shanshan led more than 4000 households to Qiemo in order to avoid war. In the fifth year of Daye (609), the Sui Dynasty established a county in Qiemo to unify Suning County and Furong County, and banished the criminals to the world, and set up garrison troops. In 644, Xuanzang came back from India to study Qiemo and recorded it in the records of the western regions of the Tang Dynasty. In the third year of Shangyuan (676), Qiemo county was changed into "Boxian town", which belongs to Shazhou of Longyou road. During the period from Zhenyuan to Dazhong (785-850), Tufan occupied Qiemo. In 1287, it was called "zhelihui". In the Yuan Dynasty, more than 1000 people moved from the mainland to live together with the newly attached army of the yuan army, and settled in Qiemo. In Ming Dynasty, it was called "Qi Lichang". In 1884, after the Qing government established a province in Xinjiang, it was called "kaqiang" and set up another inspection office and Qiemo county. in the third year of the Republic of China, it was changed to Qiemo second-class County under the jurisdiction of Aksu. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, it belonged to Yanqi special area. In 1954, it belonged to Korla special area. Since 1960, it belongs to Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. in March 2006, the AQIANG District Office was abolished, and the AQIANG Township, kulamuleke Township and aoyiyayilak Township under the jurisdiction of the former AQIANG District Office were directly under the jurisdiction of Qiemo county. according to the sixth census in 2010, there are 65572 permanent residents in Qiemo County, including 18893 in Qiemo Town, 2304 in Arele Township, 5455 in qiongkule Township, 8011 in toglakelek Township, 4235 in bagairike Township, 6233 in yingwusitang Township, 4081 in aketikandun Township, 2982 in kuoshsatma Township, 4226 in tathirang Township, 2064 in AQIANG Township, and 2008 in kulamuleke township, There are 1853 people in aoyiyayilac Township, 1715 people in Qiemo engineering detachment of the second agricultural division of XPCC, and 1512 people in the 38th corps of XPCC. on January 9, 2013, the government of the autonomous region (New Deal Letter No. 8) approved the abolition of aoyiyayilak Township and the establishment of aoyiyayilak town. On October 20, 2014, the government of the autonomous region (New Deal Letter No. 178) approved the cancellation of tatyanang Township and the establishment of tatyanang Town, and put 26848 square kilometers directly under the jurisdiction of tatyanang town. After the adjustment, the county governs 3 towns and 9 townships: Qiemo Town, aoyiyayilak Town, tatirang Town, Arele Town, qiongkule Town, toglakelke Town, bagairike Town, yingwusitang Town, aktikandun Town, kuoshsatma Town, AQIANG town and kulamulek town. on June 7, 2018, the people's Government of the autonomous region agreed to abolish the establishment of Arele Township in Qiemo county and establish Arele town.

administrative division

geographical environment

region

Qiemo county is located in the East Kunlun Mountain, the north foot of Altun mountain, and the southeast edge of Tarim Basin. It belongs to Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Located between 83 ° 25 ′～ 87 ° 30 ′ E and 35 ° 40 ′～ 40 ° 10 ′ n, it is adjacent to Ruoqiang County in the East, Minfeng County in Hotan Area in the west, Altyn mountain and East Kunlun Mountain in Nanping and Tibet Autonomous Region in the north, Taklimakan Desert in the north and Weili County in the north, Shaya County in Aksu Area in the northwest, with a maximum width of 320 km from east to west and a maximum length of 460 km from north to south, with a total area of 140250 square meters It is the second largest county in China. Qiemo county is 1240 km away from Urumqi, the capital of the autonomous region, and 667 km away from Korla, the capital of the autonomous prefecture (via desert highway).

terrain

Qiemo county is high in the southeast and low in the northwest, with Gobi desert in the north. From the southwest to the southeast of Qiemo County, there are branches of Kunlun Mountain and Aerjin mountain. The whole oasis is a long strip along the water system. In the total land area of Qiemo County, the mountainous area is 62.35 million square kilometers, accounting for 44.42% of the total area of the county; the Piedmont inclined plain is 24.15 million square kilometers, accounting for 17.21%. The Piedmont inclined plain can be roughly divided into two parts: one is the oasis agricultural area along the Cheerchen River, the other is the natural grassland grazing area in the piedmont of the East Kunlun Mountain; the desert area is 53.8 million square kilometers, accounting for 38% .36%。

climate

The annual average temperature is 11.7 ℃, which is 1.2 ℃ higher than that in previous years. The annual extreme maximum temperature is 40 ℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is - 20.8 ℃. The extreme temperature appears again (compared with that in 2005 and 2007). The annual precipitation is 17.8 mm, 30% less than the calendar year. The precipitation period is abnormal, with more precipitation at the end of the year and less precipitation in the middle of the year. The precipitation in January in winter is 4 times of the average over the years. In the middle of November, which is the most difficult time for precipitation in autumn, there is a continuous snowfall process, the precipitation reaches 7.8 mm, and the cooling process is more than 10 ℃, which makes the average temperature of ten days 3.7 ℃ lower than the average over the years. The precipitation in spring and summer is less than normal, and the drought is obvious. The annual frost free period is 243 days, the annual sunshine hours is 2853.2 hours, the annual evaporation is 1977.3 mm, the annual maximum wind direction is ne, and the maximum frozen soil depth is 54 cm (January 19). the weather process is frequent, and there are many dust weather, gale, sandstorm and other disastrous weather. There are 96 days of floating dust, 31 days of sand blowing, 15 days of sandstorm and 4 days of gale in the whole year. The days of floating dust, sand blowing, sandstorm and gale are the most in recent 10 years. The general climate characteristics of winter are high average temperature, short winter time, uneven spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation, less severe weather process and warm winter. The first frost period in autumn is later than that in previous years. In summer, the average temperature is higher, the precipitation (3.0 mm) is less, and the heavy precipitation process is relatively less. The extreme maximum temperature is 40 ℃, the days of high temperature are up to 30 days, and the longest duration of high temperature is 11 days. The annual sunshine hours are 2853.2h, the accumulated temperature above 20 ℃ is 2412 ℃, the accumulated temperature above 10 ℃ is 4298 ℃, and the total solar radiation is 150 kcal / cm2. Annual solar energy of 1 square meter is equivalent to 200 kg of standard coal heat energy, second only to the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, higher than other parts of the same latitude.

resources

water resource

Qiemo county is rich in water resources. There are eight rivers in the county, including Cherchen River, kalamiran River, moleche River, mitt River, jiangesayi River, tashisayi River and jiangesayi River, with a total annual runoff of 1.8 billion cubic meters. Among them, the annual average runoff of Che'erchen River is 560 million cubic meters, accounting for 37% of the total runoff of the county. The exploitable amount of groundwater is 800 million cubic meters. The hydrological characteristics of water system are uneven distribution of water resources and great seasonal variation.

land resource

Qiemo county has a total area of 13866500 hectares, including 19500 hectares of arable land, 0.14% of the total area of the county; 17000 hectares of garden land, 0.1% of the total area of the county; 207100 hectares of forest land, 1.49% of the total area of the county; 1660600 hectares of grassland, 11.98% of the total area of the county; 3100 hectares of urban and industrial land, 0.02% of the total area of the county; and 0.02% of the total area of the county The area of transportation land is 3000ha, accounting for 0.02% of the total area of the county; the area of water area and water conservancy facilities is 337100ha, accounting for 2.43% of the total area of the county; the area of other land is 11634500ha, accounting for 83.91% of the total area of the county.

mineral resources

Due to the influence of Indian Ocean plate and Eurasian plate, the specific trend and geological tectonic environment of Altun mountain and middle Kunlun Mountain in the county determine that it has good geological and metallogenic conditions. It is one of the areas with relatively rich mineral resources, with many kinds of mineral resources, large total amount and outstanding natural resource advantages. More than 40 kinds of minerals have been found in nearly 100 ore producing areas, including copper, gold, iron, lead, zinc, nickel, molybdenum and other minerals; non-metallic minerals include asbestos, jade, mica, limestone, gypsum and so on. In particular, the proven reserves of the katrisi copper zinc deposit are high grade, large reserves, copper and zinc deposits

Chinese PinYin : Xin Jiang Wei Wu Er Zi Zhi Qu Ba Yin Guo Leng Meng Gu Zi Zhi Zhou Qie Mo Xian