Balikun Kazakh Autonomous County, Hami City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Balikun in Balikun Kazakh Autonomous County, on the one hand, means "tiger Lake" in Turkic language, which is named after Balikun Lake; on the other hand, it is homophonic of "balkule" in Mongolian language, which means "tiger front paw", which is named after the dangerous terrain; on the other hand, it is named after ancient Yueshi language.

Balikun Kazakh Autonomous County is an Autonomous County under the jurisdiction of Hami City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Balikun Kazakh Autonomous County was founded on September 30, 1954. It is located in the northeast of Xinjiang, adjacent to Yiwu County in the East, Yizhou District in the south, Murai Kazakh Autonomous County in the west, and Mongolia in the north. It is one of the three Kazakh autonomous counties in China, and also the key county of national poverty alleviation and development. It is a typical border county, alpine county and disaster prone County in Xinjiang. In 2006, it was identified as five areas in China . The border line between China and Mongolia is 309 km long, with Laoyemiao port, a national first-class seasonal open port in China. It is one of the important open ports for the development of border trade between Xinjiang and Mongolia. In 2013, the GDP was 4.3 billion yuan.

Balikun was the regional command center to pacify the rebellion in Junggar in the early Qing Dynasty. After the establishment of Urumqi, Balikun was replaced by Urumqi.

Balikun Kazakh Autonomous County has a total area of 38400 square kilometers, of which mountains and Gobi account for 25500 square kilometers, accounting for 66% of the total area of the county. In 2010, the total population of the county was 102400, which was composed of 13 ethnic groups, including Han, Kazak, Uygur and Mongolian, of which Kazak accounted for 35%, and other ethnic minorities accounted for 2%. The county governs 15 townships and 46 administrative villages. There are Hongshan farm of the 13th agricultural division of BINGTUAN and Yiwu horse farm in Hami.

The cultural relics of Balikun Kazakh Autonomous County include renshang stele of Eastern Han Dynasty, Peicen stele, Dahe ancient city of Tang Dynasty, etc. the scenic spots include Tianshan pine snow, Jingquan SuYue, Heigou Tibetan spring, Baichuan Xiliu, Shashan Tibetan camp, etc.

In October 2017, Balikun Kazakh Autonomous County passed the national special assessment and inspection, and was officially approved by the people's Government of Xinjiang Autonomous Region to withdraw from the poverty-stricken county.

Historical evolution

Balikun was known as PU kingdom in ancient times. In the third year of shenjue in the Western Han Dynasty (59 BC), it was under the jurisdiction of Duhufu in the western regions, and later was the nomadic land of Xiongnu. The Eastern Han Dynasty was under the jurisdiction of the capital of the western regions, and later the Huns. The Northern Wei Dynasty belongs to Rouran and Gaoche. Tang Zhenguan 14 years (640 years) built Pu county. The Song Dynasty belonged to Yizhou. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was located in the eastern part of bieshibalixing Province, which was called balkule. In the Ming Dynasty, it belonged to the Department of walaheshuote. In 1697, balkule was changed to Balikun. In 1760, the Zhili Hall of Balikun was set up. In 1773, Zhenxi government was established. Balikun was the regional command center to pacify the rebellion in Junggar in the early Qing Dynasty. After the establishment of Urumqi, Balikun was replaced by Urumqi. In the fifth year of Xianfeng (1855) of the Qing Dynasty, the office of Zhili was set up in the west of the town. In 1913, zating set up Zhenxi county. In 1934, it was assigned to Hami administrative region. In 1954, the name of Balikun county was restored and Balikun Kazakh Autonomous County was established, which is subordinate to Hami City.

administrative division

In 2013, Balikun Kazakh Autonomous County has jurisdiction over 5 towns and 7 townships: Balikun Town, borqiangji Town, Dahe Town, kuisu Town, Santanghu Town, salqiaoke Town, haiziyan Town, xialaoba Town, shirenzi Town, Huayuan Town, dahongliuxia town and bawaizi town. There are: BINGTUAN Hongshan farm, Huangtu Farm Development Zone, improved seed breeding farm, Shannan Development Zone of Balikun county.

geographical environment

Location context

Balikun Kazakh Autonomous County is a border county in the northeast of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It is located on the grassland between the eastern Tianshan Mountains and the eastern Junggar fault block mountain system. Its geographical coordinates are 91 ° 19 ′ 30 ″～ 94 ° 48 ′ 30 ″ E and 43 ° 21 ′～ 45 ° 5 ′ 19 ″ n. It is adjacent to Yiwu County in the East, Yizhou District in the south, Murai Kazakh Autonomous County in the west, and the people's Republic of Mongolia in the north The Mongolian border is 309 kilometers long. The total area of the county is 38445.3 square kilometers, 276.4 kilometers long from east to west and 180.6 kilometers wide from north to south. The county is 595km away from Urumqi, the capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, in the West and 131km away from Yizhou District in the southeast.

topographic features

Balikun Kazakh Autonomous County is located in the hinterland of the Eurasian continent, with an average altitude of 1650 meters. The terrain of Balikun county is high in the southeast and low in the northwest. Controlled by the geological structure, it can be roughly divided into five categories: high mountain, plateau, basin, Gobi desert and lake. The topographical feature is that there are three mountains and two basins. In the south is Balikun mountain, in the middle is moqinwula mountain, and in the north is East Junggar fault block mountain system. Balikun mountain is located in the south of the county, which is the eastern part of Tianshan Mountains. It stretches over 160 kilometers in the county, with an average altitude of 3300 meters. The highest peak is Yueya mountain in the southwest of kuisu, with an altitude of 4308.3 meters. In the mountains above 3600 meters above sea level, there is snow all the year round, and a large number of glaciers are distributed. The central part of Balikun county is Mt. moqinwula, a branch of Tianshan Mountain. The Mt. moqinwula extends from northwest to Southeast. It is high in the central part and collapsed in the west, with a total length of 70 km and an altitude of 2800-3200 M. The northernmost part of the border between China and Mongolia is the East Junggar fault block mountain system, with an east-west trend, more than 170 kilometers in Weiyi County, with an average altitude of about 2000 meters.

climate

Balikun Kazakh autonomous county belongs to the temperate continental cold and arid climate zone, with an average altitude of 1650 meters. It is very cold in winter, cool in summer, abundant light and unclear four seasons. The average annual temperature is 1 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 35 ℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is - 43.6 ℃. The frost free period is 98-104 days. The annual precipitation is only about 220mm and the evaporation is 1638mm.

natural resources

land resource

Balikun Kazakh Autonomous County has 504000 mu of arable land (including 366000 mu of basic farmland), about 300000 mu of sown land every year, and 361600 mu of crop planting area was completed in 2011. The total area of natural grassland in Barkol county is 21.6635 million mu, of which the available natural grazing grassland is 20.065 million mu. The county has 1.34 million mu of wetland. The forest area is 1.227 million mu (1.098 million mu of natural forest, accounting for 91%), and the plantation area is 129000 mu, accounting for 9%), and the forest coverage rate is 1.45%. There are 6 nursery bases with a total area of 534 mu (400 mu in the County Center Nursery).

Animal resources

Balikun Kazakh Autonomous County Livestock varieties and types are: Balikun horse, Balikun Bactrian camel, donkey, mule, cattle varieties are: yellow cattle, Holstein cows, Xinjiang brown cattle, Simmental cattle, sheep varieties are: Balikun Kazakh meat sheep, Balikun cashmere goat, Altai big tail sheep, fine wool sheep, pig varieties are: Landrace, Duroc, large white pig, poultry products There are three kinds: Sanhuang chicken, Kuaima chicken, meat mixed chicken, duck, goose, goose, pigeon, etc. There are more than 100 species of wild animals, such as red deer, snow leopard, wild donkey, yellow sheep, wild boar, wolf, sand fox, pine mink, marmot, snow chicken, sand chicken, quail, eagle and falcon.

plant resources

There are more than 500 kinds of wild plants and more than 100 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines in Balikun Kazakh Autonomous County, mainly including Cistanche deserticola, licorice, ephedra, mint, motherwort, black wolfberry, Maren, etc., especially Saussurea involucrata. Saussurea involucrata, mushroom and motherwort are called "three treasures" of grassland.

water resource

There are 46 rivers and rivers in Balikun Kazakh Autonomous County, with surface water resources of 271 million cubic meters and groundwater recharge of 233 million cubic meters in plain area. In addition to spring water and well water, the runoff of surface water is 342 million cubic meters. The reserve of mineral water in Balikun county has been determined by the water quality Committee of the autonomous region, and the reserve is 13377t. According to laboratory tests, mineral water contains a variety of trace elements beneficial to human body, especially strontium, which is one of the few natural mineral water with more strontium in China.

mineral resources

Balikun is rich in mineral resources with many types, high grade and large reserves. More than 30 kinds of coal, oil, mirabilite, gold and bentonite have been proved.

Coal: as of 2010, the prospective reserves of coal resources in Balikun are predicted to be 71.2 billion tons (31.2 billion tons in Balikun coalfield, a rare coal in China, is a good raw material for coal coking and coal chemical industry; 40 billion tons in Santanghu coalfield, an excellent raw material for power generation, power generation and coal chemical industry), and the proven reserves are 2.5 billion tons (1.8 billion tons in Balikun coalfield and 700 million tons in Santanghu coalfield).

Mirabilite: Balikun mirabilite is mainly distributed in Balikun lake. As of 2010, its net resource reserves are 48.93 million tons, and its main product alkali sulfide market share accounts for 25% of the country. It is one of the three major alkali sulfide production bases in China.

Oil: Balikun's oil resources are mainly distributed in Santanghu basin, covering an area of 23000 square kilometers. As of 2010, the predicted oil and gas resource equivalent is 930 million tons, the proved oil resource is 570 million tons, and the natural gas resource is 10 billion cubic meters. It has been accepted by the oil and gas reserve evaluation office of the Ministry of land and resources as a 100 million ton oil field, becoming a key experimental area of CNPC Block and experimental project.

Wind energy resources

Santanghu wind area in Barkol is one of the nine major wind areas in Xinjiang. It is rich in wind energy resources, with an average annual wind speed of 8.2 m / s, annual effective wind speed hours of 7344 hours, full load power generation of more than 2300 hours, and technology development of 48.97 million kilowatts. It is one of the areas with the largest effective wind speed hours in Xinjiang.

Solar energy resources

Balikun is a typical temperate continental climate, with dry air, good atmospheric transparency, less cloud cover, sufficient sunshine and abundant light energy resources. The annual sunshine hours are 3170 hours, which is one of the areas with the most sunshine hours in China, and Santanghu basin has the largest sunshine hours in the whole year

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