Shanshan County, Turpan City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Shanshan county is subordinate to Turpan City, Xinjiang. It is located on the east side of Turpan Basin at the southern foot of the eastern Tianshan Mountains. It is adjacent to Mulei County and Qitai County in the north, qijiaojing township of Hami City through Qiketai town in the East, Shengjin township of Turpan city through SUBASHI village of tuyugou in the west, and Ruoqiang county and Yuli County through Nanhu Gobi to Jueluotage in the south. The total area of Xinjiang is 39800 square kilometers, accounting for about 2.5% of the total area of Xinjiang. Shanshan County governs 7 towns, 2 townships and 1 Ethnic Township, with a total population of 231297 (2010). Shanshan oilfield is the first large Zhuluo oilfield in China.

Lanzhou Xinjiang Railway, Lanzhou Xinjiang high speed railway, Lianyungang Huojiang expressway, Asia Europe optical cable and west to east gas pipeline run through the whole area. There are three railway stations, namely Shanshan railway station, Shanshan north high speed railway station and Tuha high speed railway station. It is 104 km away from Turpan airport. With superior location and convenient transportation, it is an important part of Urumqi one hour economic circle.

In March 2020, it won the title of national advanced county of village cleaning action, and was praised by the central agricultural office and the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas.

Historical evolution

In the Western Han Dynasty, it was the land of Huhu. in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was incorporated into the former state of Cheshi. In Tang Dynasty, Liuzhong and Puchang counties were set up, which were subordinate to Xizhou. Song Dynasty belongs to Gaochang Uighur kingdom. in the Yuan Dynasty, it was called lukchak, which was renamed Liucheng in the late Yuan Dynasty, and in the Ming Dynasty, it was also called LIUCHEN, LuChen, etc., which is now lukqin. it was incorporated into Turpan in the orthodox period of Ming Dynasty, which is called "Bi can". In 1759, there was a minister for the development of exhibition, and six cities were built in Turpan, which was one of the six cities. Guangxu 28 years (1902) set up Shanshan County, under the Turpan Zhili hall. Now it belongs to Turpan area. Rao Yingqi, the governor of Xinjiang in the late Qing Dynasty, recorded in his "meeting the needs of the prefectures, prefectures, and counties in Xinjiang's reform and development program" that "the exhibition site was the ancient Shanshan state, named Shanshan county", so Shanshan county was established. However, the former site of the ancient Shanshan state is not in the present Shanshan County, but in the present Ruoqiang county. Therefore, Shanshan is the name of the ancient Shanshan state rather than its hometown. In the 28th year of Guangxu reign, Shanshan county was established. It is named after the ancient Han Dynasty. Also known as "Pi Qiang", it means "malancao" in Uygur language. Some people think it is related to the name of "Puchang" in Tang Dynasty. "Bi can" and "Bi Zhan" are two different translations of the same name of Uighur name "Pi Qiang". in April 2015, the State Council approved the establishment of a city in Turpan, and Shanshan county is subordinate to Turpan city.

administrative division

In 2019, Shanshan County governs 7 towns, 2 townships and 1 ethnic township: Shanshan Town, Qiketai Town, Shanshan Railway Station Town, lianmuqin Town, Lukeqin Town, bizhan Town, Dikan Town, dongbazha Hui Township, tuyugou Township and dalangkan township. The county people's government is located in Shanshan town. Shanshan town has 15 communities, 1 village and 1 animal husbandry team: Mukam community, Hongyan community, tingzi Road community, Binsha community, Yucai Road community, Shayuan Road community, Puchang Road community, shuangshuimo community, butterfly spring community, xinloulan community, ShiShiYuan community, tietietieer community, Baili community, Miaoyuan Road community, Taiyangdao community, Baza village and animal husbandry team. Qiketai town governs 3 communities, 8 villages and 1 team: Caiyun community, Caiyu community, Baka village, Taizi village, re'ayun village, kumkan'erzi village, Qiketai village, Nanhu village, yakakan'erzi village, huangjiakan village, animal husbandry team and Dihu mining community. Shanshan railway station has four communities: Jinyi community, Zhenxing community, Xingye community and friendly community. Lianmuqin town governs 2 communities, 12 villages and 1 animal husbandry team: Lianxin community, Tongxin community, akedun village, sukexier village, aislihandu village, handukan village, Blake aledi village, handuxia village, youkurimari village, quwangker village, kumumari village, lianmuqin Baza village, lianmuqinkan village, lianmuqin ASTAN village, and animal husbandry team. rukhin town governs 9 villages: kuonaxia village, sangeqiao village, tugmanboyi village, towanmaili village, amanxia village, selkefu village, dihansu village, yingxiamaili village and shakan village. Bizhan town governs 11 villages: Donghu village, xiaodonghu village, Machang village, qiaoketamu village, keqike village, shubaigou village, Langan village, yingye'er village, KEKEYA village, Korgan village and kagetuoer village. Dikan town governs five villages: dikan'er village, kan'erzi Kule village, Tuote kan'erzi village, yuermen village and yezha kan'erzi village. Dongbazha Hui Township governs four villages: Houliang village, Qianjie village, Tawu village and aizila village. Tuyugou Township governs seven villages: panjiakan'erzi village, Yanghai village, tuyugou village, subeixixia village, zerifu kan'erzi village, mayizengkan'erzi village and tuyugou kelhuoyanshan village. Dalangkan Township governs six villages: qioya village, baishtamu village, yuwangke village, yangbulake village, yingkanerzi village and azati village.

Population nationality

The total population is 260000 (including 215000 permanent residents, 156400 rural residents, 14000 Tuha oilfield residents and 31000 floating population). It is composed of 19 ethnic groups, including Han, Uygur, Hui, Kazak, Mongolian, Kirgiz, Xibe, Russian, Uzbek, Tatar and Manchu. Among them, there are 76800 Han, accounting for 29.5% and 171000 Uygur, accounting for 65.5% 77%, Hui 12000, accounting for 4.61%, other ethnic minorities accounted for 0.08%.

geographical environment

Shanshan county is located at the north foot of Kumtag mountain (Shashan), and the east end of Huoyan mountain in the West. Surrounded by mountains on three sides, the terrain is high in the northeast and low in the southwest. Bogda mountain in the north, Turpan Basin and Hami basin in the middle, Gobi and desert in the south.

climate

Shanshan county has a temperate continental climate with hot summer and cold winter, large temperature difference between day and night, sufficient sunshine, annual average temperature of 11.3 ℃, and annual average precipitation of 25 mm. It is hot in summer (the average temperature in July is 29.2-33 ℃, and there was a high temperature of 48 ℃), cold in winter (the average temperature in January was - 10 ℃ - 11 ℃, and the minimum temperature was - 28.7-29.7 ℃), dry in spring (the annual precipitation is 17.6-25.3 mm, but the evaporation is great, which is 2751-3216.6 mm), rich in heat (the accumulated temperature ≥ 10 ℃ is 4522.6-5548.9 ℃), and sufficient sunshine (sunshine hours 2900-3100 ℃) The average daily temperature difference is 14.3-15.9 ℃ and the maximum is 17-26.6 ℃. The frost free period is 192-224 days.

terrain

Shanshan county is characterized by distinct landform, surrounded by mountains on three sides, and facing Aiding Lake, which is near the lowest sea level in the world. The whole terrain is high in the northeast and low in the southwest, forming a gentle slope. The northern part is bounded by Tianshan Mountain with high mountains and steep slopes, while the southern part is desert Gobi and hilly belt, which is relatively gentle. The highest peak is 4110.7 meters, and the lowest is in the east of Aiding Lake in Turpan City, 153 meters below sea level. The topography and structure are as follows: Huoyan mountain accounts for 7.30% of the total area, nangebi and Jueluotage mountains account for 64.4% of the total area, sand mountain desert accounts for 10.7%, Gobi belt north of Huoyan mountain to Tianshan Mountain accounts for 9.4% of the total area, plain oasis only accounts for 2.3%, and other 5.7% is saline alkali land.

natural resources

animal

Kumutage desert in Shanshan county has a unique ecosystem and a large number of wild animals, which is of great value because of its particularity and ecological vulnerability. Camels are called boats of the desert. Wild camel is the only wild species in the world of camelidae. As a unique species, wild camel has become a more rare wild animal on the earth than giant panda. There are only more than 800 wild camels in the world. It is one of the most endangered species in the red list of IUCN, and it is also a first-class protected animal in China.

Mineral deposits

Shanshan county has proven more than 40 kinds of mineral resources such as oil, natural gas, granite, coal, iron ore, gold, bentonite and sodium nitrate. It is one of the top ten mineral resource counties in China, one of the top ten coal resource areas in the world, the second largest bentonite resource area in China and the first largest sodium nitrate resource area in the world. The Turpan Hami basin is one of the three major sedimentary basins in Northwest China. It is rich in oil and gas resources. Shanshan county has 1.575 billion tons of oil reserves, 298 million tons of proven oil reserves, 78.92 million tons of recoverable oil reserves, 365 billion cubic meters of predicted natural gas resources, 97 billion cubic meters of explored natural gas reserves, and 54.7 billion cubic meters of recoverable natural gas reserves. In February 1991, Tuha oil battle headquarters was established in Shanshan. Shanshan oilfield is the first large Zhuluo oilfield in China, which is a medium abundance, low permeability and medium production oilfield. There are three mineral deposits, including one large deposit and two small deposits. It is distributed in Xiaocaohu, Qiketai, tuyugou and saiergaifu. At present, Xiaocaohu sodium nitrate deposit has 7.949 million tons of ore reserves, 727 thousand tons of sodium nitrate and a production scale of 20 thousand tons per year. The kumutage mining area in Qiketai has discovered more than 10000 square kilometers with a total area of more than 3000 square kilometers. It has been inspected that the sodium nitrate reserves reach 184 million tons and the recoverable reserves reach 154 million tons. It is the largest sodium nitrate mine found in the world. ● iron ore is extremely rich in resources, and is one of the most dominant minerals in the area. 145 iron ore producing areas have been found, including 25 Industrial deposits (2 large, 6 medium, 17 small), and 120 ore occurrences. Iron ore is mainly distributed in the red cloud beach of Jue Luo Ta Ge metallogenic area, Tieling - the Red Dragon Peak area and the Wutong Gou - Parr Gang area in the South Tianshan metallogenic area. The geological survey reserves of iron ore are 300 million tons and the detailed survey reserves are 110 million tons, including 103.7412 million tons of rich ore, 85.52 million tons of magnetite and 59.89 million tons of limonite

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