Mangya City, Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province

Mangya Mangya, belonging to Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province, is located in the northwest border of Qinghai Province and the western edge of Qaidam Basin, with a total area of 49900 square kilometers. Mangya City, with an average altitude of 3000 meters, is a typical plateau continental climate with less precipitation, large evaporation, dry, cold, lack of oxygen, and more dust. As of February 2019, Mangya city has three towns under its jurisdiction, and the Municipal People's government is stationed at No. 60 Minzu Road, Huatugou town. As of December 2019, mango city had a total population of 63 thousand people, including 55 thousand registered residence population and 8 thousand floating population, including Han, Mongolian, Tibetan, Hui, Sarah, Tu, Manchu, Dongxiang and Uygur 17 ethnic groups.

Mangya originated from Mongolian "forehead". In 1984, Mangya Administrative Committee at county level was established. In 1992, Lenghu Administrative Committee at county level was established. In 2018, Mangya Administrative Committee and Lenghu administrative committee were abolished and Mangya city at county level was merged. Mangya city is the necessary place of the ancient Silk Road, the throat of Qinghai Province from Gansu to Xinjiang, and the "west gate" of Qinghai. Mangya city is an important transportation hub in the northwest of Qinghai Province, with Huatugou airport, Qinghai section of geku railway and national highway 315 running through the whole city. Mangya city has cultural tourism resources such as alien ruins, Zhangqian Silk Road, shuiyazidun, oil ruins, and natural scenic spots such as feicui lake, Qianfo cliff, Gasi lake, Danxia landform hero ridge, alar wetland and the largest Yadan landform group in China.

In 2018, Mangya will achieve a GDP of 5.079 billion yuan, an industrial added value of 4.7 billion yuan, a per capita disposable income of 34003 yuan for urban residents and 13432 yuan for herdsmen.

Historical evolution

In Han Dynasty, Mangya area belonged to Ruoqiang state. Qiang people lived in Huatugou and Mangya town.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, Xianbei people moved to the Qaidam Basin. In the fourth year of Chenghe (320) of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Xianbei people unified the Qiangs in the west of the sea and established the Tuyuhun state. The Gasi area in the territory belongs to Tuyuhun.

In the Tang Dynasty, in the first year of Xianheng (670), Tubo occupied Tuyuhun and stationed troops in Gasi basin for more than 200 years.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, in the sixth year of Tiansheng (1028), Dangxiang people conquered Ganzhou Uighur, tens of thousands of Huangtou Uighur went south across Qilian Mountain, and Gasi grassland became its main pasture. After the Xixia Shazhou road.

In the Yuan Dynasty, in the first year of Yuantong (1333), Quxian Dalin yuan Shuai Fu was set up, and Buyan Timur was granted the title of king of Ning, guarding Gasi area.

In the Ming Dynasty, in the seventh year of Hongwu (1374), Buyan Timur came down to the Ming Dynasty. The imperial court divided its territory into four parts: a Duan, a Zhen, Ku Xian (Qu Xian) and tie Li. In the eighth year of Hongwu (1375), buyantemuer sent envoys to pay tribute. The imperial court made buyantemuer king of Anding, and set up three commanding envoys, namely anding Wei, adanwei and quxianwei (kuxianwei). A Duanwei activity center is in Mangya area. Later, Sanwei was attacked by dorzhiba, and the tribe fled and died. Adanwei was abolished, and quxianwei was merged into Andingwei, and lived in azhendi (southeast of gaskule Lake). In the fourth year of Yongle (1406), a Duanwei and Qu Xianwei were restored, and Qu Xianwei was located in yaowangtan (southwest of gaskule Lake); in the same year, Andingwei moved to kuerding. During the reign of Hongxi, a Duanwei was merged by Andingwei. During Hongzhi period, Andingwei was plundered and destroyed by Mongolia. In the seventh year of Zhengde (1512), Qu Xianwei was forced by the Mongolians in Qinghai Province to disperse. In the 38th year of Jiajing reign (1559), the Andahan tribe of tumed tribe of East Mongolia led the tribe into the West Sea and occupied Qu Xianwei. A Duanwei, Qu Xianwei and Andingwei were collectively called sariwuger in Ming Dynasty.

In the Qing Dynasty, in the second year of Shunzhi (1645), after Mongolia and shuotegushi Khan unified the four tribes of tanggute, Gasi area became their right-wing pasture. During the reign of Kangxi, the Qing government stationed troops in Gasi (to the west of gaskule Lake today) to guard against Junggar, and Gasi became a military fortress. Yongzheng three years (1725), belong to the herding land of gastaohai in xiyouzhong banner of Haixi Mongolia (TaiJiNai banner).

In 1917, he was the director of Dulan. In 1930, it belonged to Dulan county. In the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939), a new administration bureau was set up. In 1941, the Administration Bureau was set up in western Kazakhstan. In 1946, it was restored to Dulan county.

On September 5, 1949, Qinghai was liberated.

On June 5, 1950, the people's Government of Dulan county was established in Chahanwusu. This is the first civil right established in the basin after liberation.

On September 2, 1952, it was renamed Dulan autonomous region.

In 1953, the present Mangya town and Huatugou area belong to the altunquk Kazakh autonomous region. On August 4 of the same year, the Qinghai provincial Party committee approved the upgrading of Dulan autonomous region to a first-class autonomous region.

The Qaidam administrative committee was established in Golmud on May 28, 1955.

In January 1956, the temporary working committee was established in Mangya town and Huatugou area. On June 1 of the same year, the Qaidam administrative committee moved to Dachaidan.

In April 1957, Dulan autonomous region was renamed Haixi Mongolian Tibetan Kazak Autonomous Prefecture. In December of the same year, due to the development of Lenghu oil exploration, the Commission decided to set up an office in Lenghu.

In 1958, a large amount of oil was injected into well No.4 of Dizhong, the first high point of Lenghu No.5, which brought the exploration and development of Lenghu petroleum industry into a new period.

In January 1959, Qinghai Petroleum Exploration Bureau moved to Lenghu (renamed Qinghai Petroleum Administration Bureau after moving to Lenghu), and the population of Lenghu increased dramatically to 20000.

On June 1, 1959, with the approval of the central government, Haixi Autonomous Prefecture was abolished and incorporated into the Qaidam administrative committee. In July of the same year, in order to strengthen the leadership and management of the asbestos mine, the establishment of Mangya asbestos mine was officially announced. In September of the same year, Lenghu city was officially established with the approval of the central government. On September 17 of the same year, the "Lenghu Working Committee of the Communist Party of China" and "Lenghu temporary working committee" were established.

In June 1962, according to the telegram instruction of Qaidam Working Committee on June 8 that "due to the change of organization, Mangya working committee will be cancelled correspondingly", it was changed to "Mangya town Party committee". On November 12 of the same year, with the approval of the Central Committee, the Qaidam administrative committee was abolished and Haixi Mongolian, Tibetan and Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture was restored. In December of the same year, due to the adjustment of the national economy, the streamlining of institutions and the decentralization of personnel, as well as the reduction of the scale of oil exploration, with the approval of the Central Committee, Qinghai Province and Haixi Prefecture Committee decided to abolish Lenghu city and change it into Lenghu Town, directly under the leadership of Haixi Prefecture.

In July 1964, with the approval of the people's Committee of Qinghai Province, Mangya town was established to serve the asbestos mine. The town was moved from Yousha mountain to the present station.

In May 1984, the Mangya Working Committee and Mangya Administrative Committee of the Communist Party of China were formally established as the agencies of Haixi Prefecture Committee and government, and Gasi township was set up in the same year.

In 1985, Huatugou town was established.

In 1988, with the approval of Qinghai provincial government, the government of Haixi Prefecture decided to put Lenghu town under the leadership of Mangya administrative committee.

In May 1992, with the approval of Qinghai provincial Party committee and Qinghai Provincial People's government, the CPC Cold Lake Working Committee and the cold lake administrative committee were established in Haixi Prefecture. It belongs to the agency of Haixi state party committee and government, and is a county-level unit. It is under the leadership of Lenghu Town, the town Party committee and the town government, and is concurrently held by the leaders of the industrial and Commercial Committee.

In February 2018, the Ministry of Civil Affairs approved to abolish the Mangya Administrative Committee and Lenghu administrative committee, and establish a county-level Mangya city. The administrative region of Mangya city is under the jurisdiction of the former Mangya Administrative Committee and Lenghu administrative committee. The people's Government of Mangya city is located at No. 60 Minzu Road, Huatugou town. Mangya city is under the jurisdiction of Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.

On December 27, 2018, Mangya City, Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province was officially listed.

administrative division

Mangya city now has jurisdiction over three towns, namely Huatugou Town, Lenghu town and Mangya town. Mangya Municipal People's government is located at No. 60 Minzu Road, Huatugou town.

physical geography

geographical position

Mangya city is located in the northwest of Qaidam Basin, adjacent to Ruoqiang County of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in the west, Dachaidan Administrative Committee in the East, Aksai County of Gansu Province in the northeast, and Golmud City in the southeast. The geographical coordinates are between 37 ° 02 ′ - 38 ° 59 ′, 90 ° 07 ′ - 93 ° 09 ′, and the administrative area is 49889.937 square kilometers.

topographic features

Mangya city is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. Altun mountain, with its heavy mountains and overlapping peaks, stands in the north, while akaqi mantage mountain, with its snow covered, rises in the southwest, forming a topographical pattern of alternating mountains and basins. In addition to the ahati mountain in the north and the akaqi mantage mountain in the southwest, the elevation of the basin, which accounts for 80% of the total area of the region, is between 2689 and 3800 meters.

Climatic characteristics

Mangya is a typical plateau continental climate, with less precipitation, large evaporation, dry, cold, lack of oxygen, dust weather, annual average temperature of 4.0 ℃, annual precipitation of 47.8 mm. The annual average gale days are 36 days and the annual sunshine hours are 3128.3 hours.

natural resources

Animal resources

There are more than 100 kinds of wild animals in Mangya City, including 17 national first class protected animals and 24 second class protected animals. Tibetan antelope, wild yak, Tibetan wild donkey, brown bear, black necked Crane and other rare birds and animals breed in Gasi lake and Kunlun mountain.

plant resources

Mangya city has more than 250 kinds of wild plants such as Cynomorium songaricum, liquorice and ephedra.

mineral resources

Resource enrichment is a prominent regional feature of Mangya city. There are 26 kinds of minerals preliminarily proved, including oil, natural gas, asbestos, celestite, Glauber's salt, etc., with more than 120 producing areas and 12 large deposits. Among them, asbestos reserves are 2

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