Dongzhi County, Chizhou City, Anhui Province

Dongzhi County is a county under the jurisdiction of Chizhou City, Anhui Province. Located in the south of Anhui Province, on the South Bank of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, it is the head of the South Bank of the Wanjiang river section. It is connected with Anqing in the north by the Yangtze River, and Jiujiang and Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province in the south. The terrain is high in the South and low in the north, with water network plain and low mountains and hills, with 85 kilometers of Yangtze River waterway. It has a humid monsoon climate in the north subtropical zone, with four distinct seasons, simultaneous rain and heat, sufficient sunshine and abundant rainfall. It has a total area of 3261 square kilometers and a permanent population of 492000 in 2019.

In 1959, Dongliu and Zhide counties were merged to form Dongzhi County, which was named after the first two counties. On June 25, 2000, Chizhou City was established, and Dongzhi County was under the jurisdiction of Chizhou City. By the end of 2019, it has jurisdiction over 12 towns, 3 townships and 2 provincial development zones. The government is located at No. 1 Zhide Avenue, Yaodu town. East to Anqing Tianzhu Mountain, Chizhou Jiuhua Mountain and Jingdezhen airport, an hour's drive, Tongjiu railway, Anjing expressway, Yanjiang expressway, Dongjiu expressway, Jinan Guangzhou expressway, 206, 318 national roads and five provincial roads crisscross, with Xiangkou, Dongliu, Jiyang, Dadukou and many other Yangtze River deep-water ports.

In the east of the county, there are rivers of Yao crossing and mountains of Shun ploughing, known as the "hometown of Yao and Shun". It is one of the core areas of the international tourism culture demonstration area in southern Anhui. It is the hometown of Zhou Fu, the Minister of the Ministry of military affairs of the Qing Dynasty, the governor of Liangjiang, Xu Shiying, the Prime Minister of the Beiyang government, Zhou Shuzhen, the former vice chairman of the CPPCC National Committee, and Zhou Xuexi, one of the founders of national industry. It is the excavation site of dongzhiren, the fossil skull of ancient human beings, and the site of Shengjin Lake, an important international wetland nature reserve.

Historical evolution

The origin of place names

Since the establishment of the county in Tang Dynasty, the names of Zhide, Jiande, Qiupu, Dongliu and Dongzhi have been used successively. The origin and meaning of the above-mentioned County names are as follows.

Zhide: it was built in the second year of Zhide (757) of emperor suzong of Tang Dynasty. Taiping Huanyu Ji says: "in the name of the year".

Jiande: Fang Yu's summary: in 922, the second year of Yang and Wu Shunyi in the Five Dynasties, "Zhide was changed into Jiande county.". According to the annals of Jiande County, "Yiqi's topography and physical image are similar to those of eastern Zhejiang" (that is, it is similar to the landscape of Jiande County in Zhejiang Province), so it is named.

Qiupu: in 1914, because Jiande had the same name as Jiande County in Zhejiang Province, it was renamed Qiupu River and rebuilt into Qiupu county.

Dongliu: in the 11th year of Baoda in the Southern Tang Dynasty (953), the meaning of Dongliu was taken as the great river. Huang Tingjian of the Northern Song Dynasty wrote in his poem bingshen podongliu: "the Cangjiang river is a hundred twists and turns, and it's time for Dongliu.". The reign of the Ming Dynasty: Dongliu County, with a big river flowing down from the city, is named "Dongzhu".

Dongzhi: built in 1959, the name of the county is composed of Dongliu county and Zhide county.

Evolution of organizational system

According to the records of Dongliu county annals and Jiande county annals, Yu, Xia, Shang and Zhou belonged to Yangzhou, while Qin belonged to Jiujiang and Zhangjun. The Western Han Dynasty belonged to Pengze County of Yuzhang County, Poyang County and Shicheng County of Danyang county. The Eastern Han Dynasty remained unchanged.

The Three Kingdoms belonged to Pengze, Danyang and Poyang counties of Wu state. Jin belongs to Pengze County of Yuzhang County, Poyang County of Poyang County, Shicheng County of Xuancheng county. In the Southern Dynasties, song and Qi belonged to Shicheng and Liling counties in Xuancheng County of Yangzhou, Poyang and Pengze counties in Poyang and Xunyang counties of Jiangzhou respectively. Liang and Chen dynasties set up south Taiyuan County in this county, and set up Hecheng (today's Dongliu town) and Jinyang (today's Zhangxi area), belonging to South Yuzhou. After the Sui and Chen dynasties, Taiyuan County, Hecheng county and Jinyang county were abolished, and the land belonged to Longcheng County of Xunyang County, Pengze County of Jiujiang County, Qiupu County of Xuanzhou county and Poyang County of Poyang County of Raozhou county.

In the second year of Zhide in Tang Dynasty (757), it was divided into Qiupu county and Poyang County. Zhide county was set up in Meicheng county. It was named after the year, and belonged to Xunyang County in the west of Jiangnan. In the first year of Qianyuan (758), it belonged to Raozhou, and in the first year of Yongtai (765), it belonged to Chizhou. At the beginning of huichangchu (841-846), dongliuchang was built in the former site of Hecheng County, belonging to Pengze County of Jiangzhou. According to the summary of Fang Yu, in the second year of Shunyi (922), Yang Wu of the Five Dynasties changed to Jiande County, which still belonged to Chizhou and remained unchanged in the Southern Tang Dynasty.

In the 11th year of Baoda in the Southern Tang Dynasty (953), Shengdong county was Dongliu County, belonging to Jiangzhou. In the third year of the Taiping reign of the Northern Song Dynasty (978), it was transferred to Chiyang County of Chizhou and cut off Jinyang township of Guichi. In Song Dynasty, Dongliu county and Jiande County belonged to Chiyang County, Chizhou, Jiangnan East Road. At the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, it belonged to Jianghuai province. In the 21st year of Yuan Dynasty (1284), it belonged to Jiangsu and Zhejiang Province. In the 23rd year of Yuan Dynasty, it belonged to Chizhou road.

Ming and early Qing belong to Chizhou Prefecture. At the beginning of Hongwu Period in Ming Dynasty, Chizhou road was divided into jiuhuafu and Huayang Fu. Later, it was still changed into Chizhou Fu, Zhili in Nanjing. In 1645, it belonged to Jiangnan Province, and in 1676, it belonged to Anhui Province. Yongzheng first year (1723) Li Liangjiang governor, Yongzheng 11 years belong to Anhui Province ningchi too road.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Dongliu and Jiande counties were directly under Anhui Province. In January of 1914, Jiande county was renamed Qiupu county because of the same name as Jiande County in Zhejiang Province. From June of 1914 to August of 1928, Jiande County belonged to Wuhu Road in Anhui Province. In October 1932, Qiupu county was renamed Zhide County, and in the same month, it became the eighth special district of Anhui Province. In 1949, the two counties were liberated successively on April 22 and 23. On May 13 of the same year, they both belonged to Chizhou special district of Southern Anhui administrative office.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the two counties still belong to the Chizhou District of Southern Anhui administrative office. On February 24, 1953, it was changed into anqing special district of Anhui Province. On May 15, 1959, the two counties merged into Dongzhi County, with Yaodu town as the county seat, which still belonged to Anqing special district. On July 14, 1965, it was changed into Chizhou special district. On March 29, 1971, it was changed into anqing administrative office. On September 2, 1988, Chizhou administrative office was restored, and Dongzhi County was returned to Chizhou administrative office. On June 25, 2000, Chizhou City, a prefecture level city, was established, with Chizhou City in Dongzhi County.

administrative division

By 2018, Dongzhi County has 12 towns and 3 townships, namely Yaodu Town, Dongliu Town, Dadukou Town, Shengli Town, Zhangxi Town, Yanghu Town, Gegong Town, Xiangyu Town, Guangang Town, zhaotan Town, Longquan Town, Nixi Town, Huayuan Town, Muta town and Qingshan town. Dongzhi County People's government is located at No.1 Zhide Avenue, new administrative district, Yaodu town.

geographical environment

Location context

Dongzhi County, located in the south of Anhui Province, is located at the head of the South Bank of the Anhui section of the Yangtze River. It spans 29 ° 34 ′～ 30 ° 30 ′ N and 116 ° 39 ′～ 117 ° 18 ′ E. It borders Guichi District, Shitai County and Qimen County in the East, Fuliang County, Poyang County and Pengze County in Jiangxi Province in the South and southwest, and Yingjiang district and Wangjiang County in Anqing City in the northwest across the Yangtze River.

East to the county, 125 kilometers long from north to South and 82 kilometers wide from east to west. The Yangtze River flows eastward, with 85 kilometers of coastline. The county is 245 kilometers away from Hefei, the provincial capital. With an area of 3261 square kilometers, the county is one of the largest counties in Anhui Province, accounting for 2.3% of the total area of Anhui Province.

Geology and geomorphology

The geological structural unit in Dongzhi County is a long-term uplift Yangtze paraplatform area (grade I geological structural unit), which spans two grade II geological structural units of lower Yangtze platform and Jiangnan platform. A series of folds and faults were formed under the influence of crustal movement.

Dongzhi County is located in the South Bank of the Yangtze River, across the Yangtze River Plain and the mountainous area of Southern Anhui. The northwest of the county is close to the river bank, and it belongs to Wangjiang of the Yangtze River Plain (grade I area) and Gangdi Lake Plain (grade II area, also known as the lake plain of the western section of the Yangtze River) in the East; the middle and south of the county belong to the northwest low mountain and hilly area (grade II area) of the South Anhui mountain area (grade I area).

There are many mountains, lakes and rivers in the county. The highest point is at the junction of the east border of the central part of the county and neighboring areas, with low and middle mountain winding ups and downs. The highest peak, Xianyu mountain, is 1375.7 meters above sea level. Low mountains above 500 meters are also concentrated in this area. The height of the south is the second, which is low mountain and hilly area, generally between 200-500 meters, and the river system is developed. The terrain in the north and northwest is the lowest, with hills, hills and lakes crisscrossed, with a height of 200-300 meters, and 50-100 meters or even less than 20 meters along the river and lakeside.

hydrology

Dongzhi County has 440 tributaries of 7 independent rivers (Yaodu River, HuangFei River, Longquan River, Xiangyu River, Yingshan River, Xiangkou River and Baini River), with a total length of 1982.45 kilometers and a total catchment area of 3069.17 square kilometers. There are 29 tributaries with a total length of 450.75 km above 10 km, 411 tributaries with a total length of 1226.6 km below 10 km, and the Yangtze River, the third longest river in the world, flows into the territory for 85 km.

climate

Dongzhi has a subtropical monsoon climate with hot and rainy days, sufficient sunshine and abundant rainfall. The climate in Dongzhi is mild and humid, with extreme maximum temperature of 40.2 ℃ and extreme minimum temperature of - 10.2 ℃. Spring and autumn are shorter, winter and summer are longer.

natural resources

mineral resources

There are many kinds of mineral resources in Dongzhi, and 19 kinds of mineral resources (including subspecies) have been found. The main ore producing areas are Huashan antimony gold mine, Huangbai gold mine, Huashan iron mine, etc. The dominant minerals are mainly limestone, dolomite, marble and mineral water, among which the reserves of limestone for flux, limestone for cement, dolomite for metallurgy, limestone for building stone and dolomite for building stone are relatively large. Limestone resources are estimated to be 100 million tons, with an average of 55% of Cao, mainly distributed in Gegong, Yanghu and other places.

Animal resources

The rare birds in Dongzhi mainly include shoresnipe, sand chick with fan tail, swan, white headed crane, white naped crane, Red Crowned Crane, grey crane, kestrel, Red Headed Gull, white stork, sword bunting, white bunting, kingfisher, golden light, white waist, great bustard, cormorant, black stork, golden eye bunting, white backed grass snipe, red tailed white worker, golden winged crane, red tailed dove, etc.

plant resources

Dongzhi County

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