Hefeng County, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province

Hefeng County Hefeng County belongs to Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. It is located in the southwest of Hubei Province, Southeast of Enshi Prefecture, adjacent to Hunan Province. It is located between 109 ° 45 ′ e to 110 ° 38 ′ E and 29 ° 38 ′ n to 30 ° 14 ′ n. In ancient times, it was called Zhexi, rongmi and Rongyang. It was once Rongmei's administrative center. In 1735, it was changed into Hefeng Prefecture and Hefeng County. The county is 85 kilometers long from east to west and 67 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of 2868 square kilometers and a population of 270000 (2016). Jurisdiction of 6 townships, 3 towns, the government resident Rongmei town.

Hefeng is one of the birthplaces of Ba culture and the center of Hunan Hubei revolutionary base during the second domestic revolutionary war. It has been designated as a national first-class old county and a national key county for poverty alleviation and development. It has a national martyr cemetery, manshanhong martyr cemetery. In 2016, Hefeng County achieved a county GDP of 5.99 billion yuan, an increase of 8.2% year on year;

On October 22, 2018, it was selected into the list of pilot areas for the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries in 2018. In December 2018, it won the title of the second batch of national ecological civilization construction demonstration cities and counties. In March 2019, it will be listed in the first batch of counties for the protection and utilization of revolutionary cultural relics. On April 29, 2019, the people's Government of Hubei Province decided to withdraw Hefeng County from poverty-stricken county. The second batch of national agricultural product quality and safety counties. The seventh batch of national demonstration areas (units) for national unity and progress.

Evolution of organizational system

Hefeng was called Zhexi, Rongmei and Rongyang in ancient times.

The Warring States period belonged to Wujun.

Qin belongs to Qianzhong county.

Han belongs to Nanjun and Wuling.

The Three Kingdoms first belonged to Shu and then to Wu Jianping County.

In the Western Jin Dynasty and the northern and Southern Dynasties, it belonged to Jianping County and Wuling county.

The Song Dynasty belonged to Shizhou.

The Yuan Dynasty belonged to Sichuan.

The Ming Dynasty belonged to Huguang.

More than 2000 years ago, the rongmi tribe, the ancestor of Tujia nationality, flourished here. Later, it was the territory of Rongmei chieftain. Tian's Tuwang inherited it. He claimed that he had lived in Rongyang since the Han and Tang Dynasties. According to official records, the Tusi ruled for 425 years, from 1310 to 1735. The chieftain of Tian family paid tribute to the imperial court without paying taxes, and was granted by the imperial court without salary. In 1350 (the tenth year of the reign of the Yuan Dynasty), the military and civilian general office of rongmitong, Sichuan Province, was established. This is Rongmei, the beginning of the establishment of officials in Hefeng. In 1367 (the 27th year of Yuan Zhi Zheng), Rongmei military and civilian Xuanfu department was established. In 1372 (the fifth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty), Rongmei chief secretary was established. In 1374 (the seventh year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty), Rongmei Xuanwei department was promoted. Under the jurisdiction of Jiaoshan, agate, Wufeng, Shibao, Shiliang, Xiadong, shuihuiyuan, tongtaping four chief and deputy chief lawsuit. In 1381 (the fourteenth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty), xuanweisi and Sichang were abolished because Dongman made trouble with Tianfu. In 1406 (the fourth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty), Rongmei Xuanfu department was restored. The following year, it was restored to the original Wufeng Shibao, Shiliang Xiadong, Jiaoshan agate, shuihuiyuan tongtaping four long lawsuit, under the jurisdiction of shizhouwei. In 1640 (the 13th year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty), he was promoted to Xuanwei division again, and his subordinate four chief divisions, namely Wufeng, Shiliang, Jiaoshan and shuihuiyuan, were promoted to Xuanfu division, and four deputy chief divisions, namely Shibao, Xiadong, agate and tongtaping, were promoted to chief Division. In addition, Rongmei chieftain privately set up 27 chieftain departments, command departments, local prefectures, Qianhu, Baihu, generals and cave leaders.

The Qing Dynasty was ruled by the Ming Dynasty. During the reign of Yongzheng, the imperial court carried out the policy of changing the land and returning it to the local people. In 1733, Tian Minru, an envoy of Rongmei xuanweisi, was dissatisfied with the policy of the Qing Dynasty and refused to go to Beijing. The Qing government investigated him and sent soldiers to suppress the territory. Finally, he forced Rongmei Tusi to return to China by force. In 1735 (the 13th year of Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty), after returning the native land to Liuzhou, Rongmei Tusi had one Prefecture and one county under its jurisdiction, namely Hefeng Prefecture and Changle County (now Wufeng county), which belonged to Yichang Prefecture and was the first Prefecture magistrate Mao Junde. In 1904 (the thirtieth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty), Hefeng Prefecture was promoted to Zhili hall, which was subordinate to Shi Hedao, the governor of Hubei Province. In 1912, after the revolution of 1911, the government of the Republic of China was established. Hefeng County was called Hefeng County, which belonged to Hubei Province. It was changed to Jingnan road in 1915 and Shihe road in 1926.

1928-1933 is the period of Soviet government. In January 1929, he long led the workers' and peasants' revolutionary army into Hefeng County. On the 13th, he established the first county-level Soviet government in the Western Hunan Hubei revolutionary base, which was under the jurisdiction of the Western Hunan Hubei Soviet government and the Hunan Hubei border Soviet Union County Government. Until December 1933, the third red army left Hefeng. In 1934, the KMT government restored its jurisdiction over Hefeng County, which is the tenth administrative supervision district of Hubei Province. In 1936, the tenth administrative supervision district of Hubei Province was renamed the seventh administrative supervision district, and Hefeng County is the seventh administrative supervision district.

Hefeng was liberated on November 18, 1949, and the people's Government of Hefeng County was established on November 25, 1949. It belongs to Enshi district administrative office of Hubei Province, and Zhao Henchao is the acting county magistrate. Hefeng County Revolutionary Committee was established in September 1968. On April 20, 1980, the State Council approved the establishment of Hefeng Tujia Autonomous County, which belongs to Enshi regional administrative office. In May, the people's Government of Hefeng Tujia Autonomous County was established and the Revolutionary Committee of Hefeng County was abolished. On August 19, 1983, due to the establishment of the Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Western Hubei, Hefeng Tujia Autonomous County was abolished, still known as Hefeng County, and was subordinate to the Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Western Hubei (renamed Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in April 1993).

administrative division

As of 2012, Hefeng County has jurisdiction over 6 towns and 3 townships. The government is based in Rongmei town.

geographical environment

Location context

Hefeng County is located in the southwest of Hubei Province and the southeast corner of Tujia Miao Autonomous Prefecture in the west of Hubei Province. It is adjacent to Wufeng County in the northeast, Shimen County and Sangzhi County in Hunan Province in the southeast, Xuanen County in the west, Enshi City and Jianshi County in the northwest and Badong County in the north. The county is 85 kilometers long from east to west and 67 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of 2892 square kilometers.

terrain

Hefeng County is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, with many small basins between mountains. With an average altitude of 1147 meters, it is one of Gaoshan counties in Hubei Province. The highest point is niuchi in the northwest, 2095.6 meters above sea level, and the lowest point is Jiangkou in the southeast, 194.6 meters above sea level, with an altitude difference of 1901 meters. The average cutting depth of surface in Hefeng County is 784 meters, and the average slope is 24.1 degrees. Among them, 248000 mu of flat land is less than 5 degrees, accounting for 5.7% of the total surface area; 527000 mu of gentle slope land is 6-15 degrees, accounting for 12.2%; 1389000 mu of slope land is 16-25 degrees, accounting for 32.1%; 1.5 million mu of steep slope land is 26-35 degrees, accounting for 34.6%; 666000 mu of dangerous slope land is more than 36 degrees, accounting for 15.4%. Hefeng County is divided into three landforms: low mountain, middle mountain and high mountain. The area below 800 meters above sea level is low mountain.

climate

Hefeng County is located in the subtropical zone, continental monsoon humid climate. The rain is hot in the same season, and the spatial and temporal distribution is uneven. More fog, less evaporation, high humidity. In spring, the average time is 90 days, from low mountain to high mountain increases gradually, in winter, the average time is 153.3 days, from high mountain to low mountain decreases gradually.

The annual average sunshine hours are 1253 hours in low mountains and 1342 hours in middle and high mountains. It is coldest from January to February and hottest from July to August. The extreme maximum temperature over the years is 40.7 ℃ in low mountain, 35 ℃ in middle mountain and 30.2 ℃ in high mountain. The extreme minimum temperature over the years is - 10.1 ℃ for low mountain, - 10.5 ℃ for middle mountain and - 22.1 ℃ for high mountain. The average annual frost free period is 266 days in low mountains, the earliest is February 14, the latest is December 23, and the average annual frost free period is about 200 days in middle and high mountains.

The precipitation in spring is 570-590 mm, accounting for 27-31% of the whole year. The summer precipitation is 743-954mm, accounting for 43-45% of the whole year. Autumn precipitation is 371-470mm, accounting for 20-22% of the whole year. The precipitation in winter is 97-138mm, accounting for 5.6-6.5% of the whole year. The average annual precipitation ranges from 1336.9 mm to 2189.5mm.

Population nationality

population

As of 2011, the total registered residence of Hefeng county was 223210, of which 115936 were men and 107274 were women, with a gender ratio of 108.1 (100 for women). During the year, 2311 people were born, the birth rate was 10.35 ‰, 1339 people died, the death rate was 6.00 ‰, and the natural population growth rate was 4.35 ‰.

nation

Hefeng is an area inhabited by ethnic minorities. In addition to Tujia and Miao, there are Mongolian, Bai and other ethnic minorities in the county.

natural resources

waterpower

As of 2011, there are 112 rivers and gullies in Hefeng County with a flow of more than 3 km, belonging to the three major water systems of Lishui River, Qingjiang River and Yuanshui river.

The underground river is mainly distributed in all levels of tributaries of loushui river. The surface runoff of Alpine karst seeps into the ground to form underground rivers, and most of them gush out as underground springs in the low mountain area. Especially the underground river in jiufengqiao reach is rare. In the process of more than 40 km in length, it flows from the sand inclusion to the cave at the foot of Yunnan mountain. The river is light and dark, nine in and nine out. The longest section of underground river is about 20 kilometers long. The lower reaches of Shenxi River and sanluku River, which are the south source of battlement water, all enter into caves to form underground river. There are mainly baishuigou springs with low flow of about 0.3 m3 / s. Rhinoceros cave spring, the mouth of low water flow is about 0.8 m3 / s. Gezihe, qiyanquan spring group, the total low flow is about 0.3 m3 / s. There are xiaoyankou, guazixi, shuishuidong, Gongquan, muquan, Guanyinsi, hunquan, Beiwan and Xiwan rill springs in the Dadian river area. Hunquan is the largest with a constant flow of about 30%

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