Henan Mongolian Autonomous County, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province

Henan Mongolian Autonomous County Henan Mongolian Autonomous County is the only Mongolian Autonomous County in Qinghai Province, commonly known as "Henan Mongolian Banner", which has the highest proportion of Mongolian population in China. It is located in the southeast of Qinghai Province, adjacent to Xiahe County and Luqu County of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province in the East, Maqu County of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province in the south, Maqin County of Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province in the southwest and Tongde County of Hainan Province in the south, and Zeku County in the north. It is in the junction of Qinghai, Gansu and Sichuan provinces, and is known as the South Gate of Qinghai Province. With a total area of 6997.45 square kilometers and an altitude of 3600 meters, the county has jurisdiction over one town, four townships, two communities, 39 animal husbandry committees, 135 animal husbandry cooperatives and four Tibetan Buddhist temples. As of 2011, the total population of the county is 40000, with Mongolians accounting for 93.21%.

Henan county is the largest organic animal husbandry production base in China. Hequma, one of the three famous horses in China, and Oula sheep, an excellent livestock and poultry variety in Qinghai, are the dominant livestock breeds in the Autonomous County. Hequ grassland is a typical alpine meadow grassland, which is located in the southeast of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, which is known as "one of the four pollution-free and super clean areas" by UNESCO. In 2013, the county's GDP reached 1.064 billion yuan.

In March 2020, it won the title of national advanced county of village cleaning action, and was praised by the central agricultural office and the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas. On October 9, 2020, it was awarded the title of the fourth batch of national ecological civilization construction demonstration cities and counties by the Ministry of ecological environment.

Evolution of organizational system

Before Qin and Han Dynasties, it belonged to Qiang people. In the 19th year of Jian'an (214), Emperor Xian of the Eastern Han Dynasty was attached to the Han Dynasty.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Tuyuhun. In 576, it was under the jurisdiction of the general manager of kuozhou in the Northern Zhou Dynasty.

In the early Sui Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Tuguhun, and in the late Sui Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Chishui county (now Xinghai County).

Gaozong of Tang Dynasty was under the jurisdiction of Tubo. Tang Xuanzong Tianbao 12 years (753 years) belong to Tang Taoyang county. During the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Tubo, Tuyuhun, Dangxiang, Qiang and other forces dominated each other and had no control.

The Northern Song Dynasty belongs to the Central Plains Dynasty. The Southern Song Dynasty belonged to the state of Jin. Yuan Dynasty was under the jurisdiction of Xuanwei department in Tubo and other places, and belonged to wanhufu in Bili of Hezhou.

In the Ming Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of the commander of duogan Xingdu. After Wanli, it belonged to qianhufu in Bili of Hezhou.

The Qing Dynasty belongs to Xunhua hall, which is the pasture of Heshuote Qianshou banner (commonly known as Prince of Henan).

At the beginning of the Republic of China, it was under the jurisdiction of "Qinghai administrative officer" and "Mongolian and Tibetan Xuanwei envoys". In 1935, Heshuote nanzuozhong banner was divided into Tongde County, and the other "three banners of Henan" were under the command of Prince of Henan and were directly under the provincial government.

Henan Mongolian Autonomous Region (county level) was established in October 1954 and renamed Henan Mongolian Autonomous County in June 1955, which is directly under the provincial government.

It was administered by Huangnan Autonomous Prefecture in 1959. In 1964, it was renamed Henan Mongolian Autonomous County.

In October 2017, the Qinghai provincial government approved the withdrawal of Henan Mongolian Autonomous County from the province's poor counties.

administrative division

In 2000, Henan Mongolian Autonomous County governs 6 townships, and the county government is located in youganning (zhihoumao township). Each township: zhihoumao Township, ningmute Township, tuoyema Township, saierlong Township, Kesheng Township, Duosong Township, and undeclared towns in youganning district.

On March 19, 2001, the people's Government of Qinghai province gave an official reply: zhihoumao township was abolished, and youganning town was established and named.

By the end of 2001, Henan Mongolian Autonomous County had jurisdiction over one town, five townships and 38 Village (animal husbandry) committees: youganning Town, ningmute Township, tuoyema Township, saierlong Township, Duosong Township and Kesheng township. At the end of the year, the total population of the county was 31000, including 28500 ethnic minorities, accounting for 92.06% of the total population of the county.

In 2005, Henan Mongolian Autonomous County governs one town and five townships: youganning Town, ningmute Township, tuoyema Township, saierlong Township, Kesheng Township and DUOSONG township.

In August 2006, tuoyema township was abolished and merged into youganning town.

As of 2012, Henan Mongolian Autonomous County has jurisdiction over 1 town, 4 townships, 2 communities and 39 pastoral areas.

geographical environment

Location context

Henan Mongolian Autonomous County is located in the east of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the southeast of Qinghai Province, and the south end of the chord of the first right-handed bend of the Jiuqu Yellow River. It is adjacent to Xiahe and Luqu counties of Gansu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the East, Maqu County of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the south, Maqin County of Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province and Tongde County of Hainan Province in the northwest, and Zeku County of Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the north. The county is 127.67 km long from east to west and 94.36 km wide from north to south, with a total land area of 6997.45 square kilometers, equivalent to 10.4962 million mu, accounting for 0.89% of the total area of Qinghai Province. Youganning town is located in the northern part of the county, 137 kilometers away from Longwu Town, the capital of Huangnan Prefecture, and 328 kilometers away from Xining City, the provincial capital. Its geographical location is close to Qinghai Tibet in the west, Gansu and Gansu in the East, Ninghai in the north, and Chuankang in the south. It is the key place of Qinghai, Gansu and Sichuan.

Geology and geomorphology

The general trend of terrain in Henan county is higher in the northeast and lower in the southwest. The altitude of most areas is more than 3600 meters, with the highest altitude of 4539 meters, the lowest altitude of 3168 meters and the altitude difference of 1317 meters. The geomorphic type belongs to the typical Qingnan shallow cutting alpine area. Among them, the mountainous area is about 8.0611 million mu, accounting for 76.80% of the total area; the beach area is about 1.6059 million mu, accounting for 15.30% of the total area of the county; the hilly area is about 732 million mu, accounting for 7% of the total area of the county; and the valley area is 42000 mu, accounting for 0.4% of the total area of the county.

climate

The climate of Henan Mongolian Autonomous County is plateau continental climate, belonging to humid climate area of plateau sub frigid zone. Due to the high altitude, complex terrain and the influence of monsoon, the characteristics of the plateau continental climate are obvious. It is warm and rainy from May to October, and cold, dry and windy from November to next April. The spring and Autumn period is short, the four seasons are not clear, and there is no absolute frost free period. The average annual temperature is 9.2 ℃ - 14.6 ℃, the annual precipitation is 597.1 mm - 615.5 mm, the total precipitation is 41.8761 cubic meters, and the average precipitation per mu is 398.96 cubic meters. The average annual evaporation is 1349.700 mm. The annual wind direction is northwest, the maximum wind speed is 23.7 M / s, and the annual average wind speed is 2.6 m / s. The average annual snow cover is 55.3 days, and the maximum snow thickness is 31 cm. The sunshine rate is 57.58% - 58.15%, which is slightly lower than that in the western part of the province. The average annual air pressure is 671.8 MPa, the air density is 812.0 g / m3, and the average annual thunderstorm is 67.6. The annual average number of sandstorms is 1.25. The annual average number of fog barriers is 36.1.

hydrology

There are many rivers in Henan County, including 27 big and small rivers and 14 main rivers. The larger rivers are Taohe River, zequ River and gamari river. These rivers have good water quality, wide distribution, long flow, large drainage basin, stable hydrogeology, large drop, and rich hydraulic reserves. The annual average runoff is 1.387 billion cubic meters, and the theoretical reserves of hydropower resources are 1.2964 million kilowatts.

natural resources

Water resources

There are 27 large and small rivers in Henan Mongolian Autonomous County. These rivers have good water quality, wide distribution, long flow, large drainage basin, stable hydrogeology, large drop, rich hydraulic reserves, annual average runoff of 1.387 billion cubic meters, and theoretical water resources reserves of 129.64 kilowatts.

Zequ River in Henan county has a drop of 253 meters, an average slope of 1.70%, a total annual runoff of 710 million cubic meters, and a theoretical hydropower reserve of 9.3 kilowatts. Six cascade hydropower stations can be built, with a total installed capacity of 700 kilowatts and an annual power generation of 2 million kilowatt hours. Taohe River in Henan county has a drop of 400m, an average slope of 4.79%, an average runoff of 40533.20m3, and a theoretical reserve of 34400kwh.

Biological resources

There are more than 100 species of terrestrial vertebrates in Henan Mongolian Autonomous County, including otter, lynx, red fox, snow leopard and sand fox. Medicinal mammals include red deer, white lipped deer, musk deer, red bear, etc. There are yellow sheep, blue sheep, grass antelope, badger and so on. The main wild birds are swan, snow chicken, pheasant, stone chicken, duck, goshawk, lark, etc. The fishes include gymnocyprinus przewalskii, pachynchus altissius and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. There are more than 320 kinds of wild plants and precious medicinal materials, mainly including Cordyceps sinensis, Saussurea involucrata, Codonopsis pilosula, Panax ginseng, rhubarb, Sheqian, Gentiana macrophylla, Fritillaria, astragalus, Agastache rugosa, notopterygium, mushroom, Potentilla, etc.

Mineral resources

Up to 2007, more than 10 kinds of mineral resources have been found in the whole county of Henan Mongolian Autonomous County, and there are mainly three kinds of proven mineral resources.

1. 59 km away from the county seat, the hegeluohui antimony in saierlong township has proved reserves of 0.1790 tons of metal. There are mainly three ore belts. The central laboratory test of the Provincial Bureau of Geology and mineral resources shows that antimony is 38.05%, mercury is 0.011%, arsenic is 0.106% and gold is 0.25 tons. After beneficiation, the antimony grade can reach 20%.

2. The peat on the north side of likarushan in Henan County, approved by the Provincial Bureau of Geology and mineral resources in April 1987, has a grade D reserves of 7.87 million tons. The average content of organic matter is 48.9%, fiber 30.3%, moisture 60.5%, ash 47.1%, calorific value 8.9 × 100 coke / kg, and humic acid 22.5%.

3. Quhai mineral water in tuoyema Township, 28 kilometers away from the county seat, has an annual flow of 10000 tons. It contains ten trace elements such as strontium, lithium, metasilicic acid and free carbon dioxide. The mineralization degree is 867.5mg/l. Strontium and free carbon dioxide exceed the boundary index of g138537-87, and the strontium content is 296mg / L

Chinese PinYin : Qing Hai Sheng Huang Nan Cang Zu Zi Zhi Zhou He Nan Meng Gu Zu Zi Zhi Xian