Tongren County, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province

Tongren, a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province, is commonly known as "Regong" in Tibetan language, which means the golden valley where dreams come true. It is located in the southeast of Qinghai Province and is the seat of the people's Government of the prefecture. It is adjacent to Xiahe County of Gansu Province in the East, guide County in the west, Zeku County in the south, Xunhua County and Jianzha County in the north, and 181 km away from Xining City, the provincial capital. It has jurisdiction over 3 towns, 9 townships, 72 administrative villages and 6 communities, with a total population of 94000 and an area of 3275 square kilometers in 2018.

Tongren is the only national historical and cultural city in Qinghai Province, the birthplace of Tibetan culture, the third national cultural and ecological protection zone in China, the only western cultural and ecological protection zone, the national AAAA tourist attraction, and the hometown of Chinese folk art. The main tourist attractions are Longwu ancient city, Baoan ancient town, guomori castle, Longwu temple, Wutun temple, wutunxia temple, Nianduhu temple, qukuhu hot spring, Wangjia temple, zhamaoshdang Butterfly Beach, maixiu Forest Park, shuangpeng xidanxia style, Gendun Qunpei's former residence, Zhu Zhonglu's former residence, etc. there are 34 intangible cultural heritages at district and county level and 41 cultural relics under protection, Regong Art, Tibetan June Festival, Tu Yutu dance and Regong Tibetan opera are included in the national intangible cultural heritage list. Tongren's stereotyped printing skills are included in the national intangible cultural heritage list. Benjiao dance, Baoan Shehuo and Buddhist music are included in the provincial intangible cultural heritage list.

In 2017, Tongren's GDP reached 2.907 billion yuan, up 3.9% year on year. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 440 million yuan, an increase of 5%; the added value of the secondary industry was 569 million yuan, an increase of 7%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 1.898 billion yuan, an increase of 2.7%.

Historical evolution

In 112 BC, Xianling Qiang people entered Yugu and Tongren County, where they lived.

In 254, Tongren area belongs to Han Dynasty.

In the fifth year of Jiande (576) of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the general manager of kuozhou was set up in qunke town of today's Hualong County in the Northern Zhou Dynasty.

In the third year of Jinglong (709) of Tang Dynasty, the land of Jiuqu in Tang Dynasty was given to Tubo. Now Tongren County is under the jurisdiction of Tubo. In the summer and may of the 12th year of Tang Tianbao (753), Ge Shuhan, the governor of Longyou, led his troops to attack Tubo, and pulled out Hongji, damomen and other cities. In July of the 13th year of Tianbao (754), Taoyang county and Guanhe county were set up. Now Tongren County is under the jurisdiction of Guanhe county. Zhenwu army was set up in Tiecheng mountain of Baoan and Yaowu army was set up in qukuhu area.

In the second year of Huichang (842), Sakya Jiangqu Zhibu built Dangge Yima temple in quma village of Duhu township.

In October of the seventh year of Xiantong (866), Tuoba huaiguang went to kuozhou to fight against the fear of heat, and Tubo's rule over the southeast of Qinghai came to an end. In the second year of Fu of the song and Yuan Dynasties, Bian sibojie, the chief of Henan Province, descended to the Song Dynasty with the four cities of Henan Province, namely, Jiangzhu, Yigong, Cuozao and Danba. Now Tongren County is under the jurisdiction of the Song Dynasty.

In the ninth year of Jin Tianyuan (1131), Jin soldiers conquered Hezhou and other places. Now Tongren County is under Jin rule for 90 years.

In March of 1227, Genghis Khan occupied Hehuang area and established Zhihe Prefecture. Today Tongren County belongs to Mongolian Khanate.

In May 1370, the Ming Dynasty conquered Hezhou, Xining, Xunhua and guide, and all the Tibetan tribes to the west of Hezhou returned to the Ming Dynasty. Longwu temple was officially founded in.

In 1924, Hui people in Longwu area raised money to build Longwu mosque. On September 14, 1929, Tongren County was officially established.

On September 22, 1949, the people's Government of Tongren County was established.

In August 2006, Yalang township was abolished and merged into Longwu town. After the adjustment, Tongren County has jurisdiction over two towns and nine townships: Longwu Town, Baoan Town, lancai Township, Shuangpengxi Township, zhamao Township, huangnaihai Township, qukuhu Township, Nianduhu Township, duowa Township, guashize Township and Jiawu township. The county government is located in Longwu town.

In June 2020, with the approval of the State Council and the official reply of the Ministry of civil affairs, Tongren County in Huangnan Prefecture of Qinghai Province will be abolished and Tongren City at county level will be established. Its subordinate relationship, jurisdiction and government residence will remain unchanged. After Tongren County was set up as a city, the administrative division of Huangnan Prefecture changed from four counties to three counties in one city.

administrative division

By 2018, Tongren City has jurisdiction over 3 towns and 9 townships, including 3 pure animal husbandry townships: Longwu Town, Baoan Town, duowa Town, lancai Town, Shuangpengxi Town, zhamao Town, huangnaihai Town, qukuhu Town, Nianduhu Town, guashize Town, Jiawu town and Yalang Town, with a total of 72 administrative villages, 6 communities and 362 production cooperatives. The Municipal People's government is located in Longwu town.

geographical environment

Location context

Tongren City is located in the southeast of Qinghai Province and the northeast of Huangnan Prefecture. It is located between 101 ° 38 ′ to 102 ° 27 ′ of East diameter and 35 ° 01 ′ to 35 ° 47 ′ of north latitude. It is 75 km wide from east to west and 85 km long from north to South. It is adjacent to Xiahe County of Gansu Province in the East, guide County in the west, Zeku County in the south, Jianzha county and Xunhua County in the north. The total area of the city is 3275 square kilometers, with 113900 mu of arable land and 459800 mu of usable grassland, accounting for 68% of the total area of the city.

topographic features

Longwu River runs through the north and south of Tongren City, forming the eastern and western mountainous areas and the Central Valley area. The terrain can be divided into four regions: River Valley, low mountains and hills, middle and high mountains, and high mountains. Located in the ecotone of Qinghai Tibet Plateau and Loess Plateau, the highest (gamarigang) is 4971 meters above sea level, the lowest (mabaxikou) is 2160 meters above sea level, and the relative height difference is 2811 meters.

climate

Tongren's climate belongs to the continental plateau cool temperature, cold temperature and semi-arid climate, which is characterized by obvious vertical temperature change, significant regional difference, large daily temperature difference, sufficient sunlight, strong sunshine, large precipitation variability, and the same season of rain and heat, which can be divided into cold temperature season and dry wet season.

Tongren City has an average annual temperature of 5.2 ℃, an average annual precipitation of 125.1 mm, and a frost free period of 67-152 days. It is a cool, warm and semi-arid area.

natural resources

water resource

Tongren City has 11 rivers, the largest of which is Longwu River, a tributary of the Yellow River. Six cascade hydropower stations have been built along the Longwu River, with an installed capacity of 17000 kW and an annual power generation of 75 million kwh. In 1996, the 110KVA transmission line project was completed, and the local small hydropower stations were interconnected with Xining Power Grid.

land resource

According to the statistics of the Bureau of land and resources, Tongren City has a total area of 319500 hectares, including 9492.80 hectares of cultivated land, 29.24 hectares of garden land, 53063.48 hectares of forest land, 242821.05 hectares of grassland, 1984.27 hectares of urban, rural and industrial land, 882.83 hectares of transportation land, 2053.44 hectares of water area and water facilities land, and 9173.00 hectares of other land. The city's basic farmland covers an area of 7828 hectares, with a protection rate of 83%.

grassland resources

Tongren City is rich in grassland resources, with 4.7703 million mu of natural grassland, accounting for 91.1% of the total land area of the city, and 4.598 million mu of available grassland, accounting for 94.54% of the total natural grassland area. According to the comprehensive evaluation of grassland quality, the natural grassland quality in Tongren City is better, among which the area of grade II grassland is the largest, accounting for 48.66% of the total area of natural grassland in Tongren City, the area of grade III grassland is the second, accounting for 33.62%, the area of grade I grassland is the third, accounting for 13.96%, and the area of inferior grassland is small. The average yield of fresh grass per mu is 207.27 kg, of which the average yield of grass per mu is 210.40 kg in summer and autumn, and 204.27 kg in winter and spring.

mineral resources

Tongren City is rich in mineral resources with wide distribution and high grade. It is one of the 10 key counties of resource development in Qinghai Province. Gold, silver, copper, lead, molybdenum, tin, limestone ore and quartz ore have high mining value, and lead-zinc ore, quartz ore and gold copper ore have been developed and utilized.

population

As of 2018, Tongren City has 22000 households with a total population of 94000, of which 63000 are Tibetans, accounting for 72.52% of the total population. Tongren City is a multi-ethnic community dominated by Tibetans, such as Han, Tu, Hui, Sala and Bao'an.

Economics

overview

By the end of the 12th Five Year Plan (2015), the GDP of Tongren City had reached 2.527 billion yuan, 1.128 billion yuan more than the end of the 11th five year plan, with an average annual growth of 11.69%; the industrial added value had reached 105 million yuan, 1.99 times more than the end of the 11th five year plan, with an average annual growth of 24.49%; the public budget revenue had reached 93.41 million yuan, 70.02 million yuan more than the end of the 11th five year plan, with an average annual growth of 3.69% 95 times, an average annual growth of 31.88%; the public budget expenditure reached 1.803 billion yuan, an increase of 1.146 billion yuan, an increase of 1.74 times, an average annual growth of 22.33%; the investment in fixed assets reached 2.238 billion yuan, an increase of 1.668 billion yuan, an increase of 2.93 times, an average annual growth of 31.46%; the total retail sales of social consumer goods reached 264 million yuan, an increase of 147 million yuan, The average annual growth rate was 12.42%; the per capita disposable income of urban residents and rural permanent residents reached 25020 yuan and 7205 yuan, increased by 10417 yuan and 3710 yuan compared with the end of the eleventh five year plan, with an average annual growth rate of 11.37% and 15.56%.

In 2017, Tongren's GDP reached 2.907 billion yuan, up 3.9% year on year. Among them: the added value of the primary industry was 4.5%

Chinese PinYin : Qing Hai Sheng Huang Nan Cang Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Tong Ren Xian