Anxiang County, Changde City, Hunan Province

Anxiang County, a county under the jurisdiction of Changde City, Hunan Province, is located in the northwest of Dongting Lake. It is the north gate of Hunan Province and the junction of four cities and eight counties in Hunan and Hubei provinces. It is the core layer of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone and the only way for the Yangtze River's "three outlets" (taipingkou, ouchikou and songzikou) to discharge flood and Li River to flow into Dongting Lake. The county covers an area of 1087 square kilometers.

Anxiang county was established in the 16th year (40th year) of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, known as the Tang Dynasty. It was renamed Anxiang in the northern and Southern Dynasties, and has been followed up to now. Tangjiagang, paichenggang, tuojiagang and other Neolithic ancient cultural sites of primitive society. As the residents in Anxiang mainly immigrated from Jiangxi, Hubei, Changsha, Yiyang and other places, the unique lake culture, embankment culture, typical immigrant culture and heavy wharf culture of Anxiang were formed.

In 2018, Anxiang County administered 8 towns and 4 townships, with a total registered residence of 540 thousand and 900 people, achieving GDP of 19 billion 300 million yuan, three industrial structure ratio of 16.6:31.6:51.8, annual urban residents' disposable income of 26868 yuan, and 15365 yuan of per capita disposable income of rural residents.

On January 29, 2021, it was selected into the list of areas that have achieved remarkable results in the year of 2020 announced by the people's Government of Hunan Province (the "three noes" in the province's petition work have been created to meet the standard of counties and cities).

Historical evolution

As early as the Neolithic age, human beings have been living here. The tangjiagang Neolithic site discovered in the territory has a history of more than 7000 years, which is rare in China. It is more than 1000 years earlier than the history of Chengtoushan.

In the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, Anxiang belonged to the state of Chu. In 277 BC, it was the territory of Qianzhong county.

In the 26th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (221 BC), it was established as a county, belonging to Cigu County of Qianzhong county.

In the fifth year of Gaozu (202 BC) of the Western Han Dynasty, Wuling County belonged to Fuling county. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng (106 BC), Wuling county was subordinate to the Department of Cishi in Jingzhou.

In the first year of the founding of the new king mang (9 years), the county was renamed Jianping, and the county was renamed Fulu.

In the 30th year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was renamed Wuling county and Fuling county. In the 40th year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Fuling county was set up as Tang county. The county government was set up in the territory, and it was still subordinate to Wuling County in Jingzhou.

In the first year of Taikang (280) in the Western Jin Dynasty, Nanping County was set up by Pingwu, which was divided into Nanjun county and Jiangnan county. It was subordinate to Jingzhou, and then moved to Jiang'an (renamed by gong'an). In the first year of Jianwu (317) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Nanping County was set up as Nanping County again.

In the second year of Chen Tianjia's reign (561), Anxiang county was established in the southwest of Tang Dynasty. It was named "Anxiang" because it "flows from Dongting on the left to lanli on the right" and "all the rivers of lanli in Dongting flow in their own way". It was ruled by nanyiyang county at that time and was subordinate to nanjingzhou with Zuo Tang Dynasty.

In the ninth year of kaihuang (589) of Sui Dynasty, Chen was leveled, the county was abolished, and it was changed into Qianling in Tang Dynasty. It was subordinate to Lizhou with Anxiang. In the third year of Daye (607), it was changed into a county. Both Qianling and Anxiang belonged to Liyang County.

In the first year of Qiande of Song Dynasty (963), Hunan Province was pinged, and Anxiang belonged to Liyang County of Lizhou. Zhidao years (995-997) under the Jinghu North Road.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Anxiang belonged to the general manager's office of Lizhou Road, Jiangnan North Road.

In the Ming Dynasty, Anxiang belonged to Lizhou, Yuezhou Prefecture in the south of Shangjing.

In the Qing Dynasty, Anxiang was located in Lizhou, Zhili County, Yuechang county.

In 1912, Anxiang directly belonged to Hunan Province. In July 1949, peaceful liberation of Anxiang.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Anxiang belonged to Changde Office of Hunan Province. In May 1988, Changde district was abolished, and Changde City was established as a province, and Anxiang has been attached to it ever since.

administrative division

By the end of 2018, Anxiang county had 8 towns and 4 townships: shenliu Town, dajinggang Town, Anzhang Town, Anquan Town, Anfeng Town, Ankang Town, Xiayukou Town, Chenjiazui Town, Sanchahe Town, huangshantou Town, Dahukou town and Guanlong town. The people's Government of Anxiang county is located in shenliu town.

geographical environment

Location context

Anxiang county is located in the northwest of Dongting Lake, which is the north gate of Hunan Province. It is at the junction of Hunan and Hubei provinces, four cities (Changde, Yiyang, Yueyang, Jingzhou) and eight counties (Dingcheng, Hanshou, Lixian, Jinshi, Nanxian, Gongan, Shishou, Huarong). It is located between 110 ° 59 '- 112 ° 18' e and 29 ° 08 '- 29 ° 46' n. the county is 71 km long from north to South and 30 km wide from east to west, with a total area of 20 km 1087.032 square kilometers. The cultivated land area is 656783 mu, and the total water area is 204500 mu.

topographic features

Anxiang depression is located in the north of Dongting Basin, bordering Huangshan Hushan platform of Huarong uplift in the north, the saddle of chongtian Lake in the south, Taiyangshan uplift in the West and Muping Lake uplift in the East. The county is in the fault zone controlled by uplift belt. The crustal thickness is estimated to be 33.8 km, and the gravity Bouguer anomaly value is - 10-30 mga, which is the thinnest and high gravity area in the whole province. The geological structure is complex, and the inferred strata are missing, which needs to be explored.

The terrain in Anxiang county is complex. It can be found in hills, plains and waters. The terrain is inclined from northeast to southwest, with Huangshan Mountain in the north and rolling hills, about 5.5 km from east to west and 1.5 km from north to south. The South Gate of Jingjiang Flood Diversion is set on the east foot and hudu River, and the Dahukou River, the East Branch of Songzi, crosses the Yakou of Mapo lake on the West foot. Anxiang governs 2.75 square kilometers of hillock land including Dading, Erding and Hushan, accounting for 0.25% of the total area of the county. Plain accounted for 72.61% of the total area of the county. The water area accounts for 27.14% of the total area of the county.

hydrology

There are 8 main and branch rivers in Anxiang County, with Jingjiang River as the main flood discharge River, Lishui River as the second, and flowing into Dongting Lake from north to south. The total length is 280.3 km, of which 0.2% is irrigated. The depth of runoff is 635 mm in Chenjiazui in the South and 583 mm in guandang in the north. The average annual runoff depth is 616.2mm. In 1989, the runoff depth was 688 mm. The main rivers are:

Lishui River: it originates from Sangzhi and Cunninghamia lanceolata, flows southward along the west side of Baoan embankment to caijiazhou beach, flows into Pinghu, and flows 49km through the county.

Wuli River: it starts from zhangjiutai in the north and ends at the confluence in the south. It is a branch river connecting Songzi Central Branch autonomous River and Lishui flood channel. It is 3.2km long. Due to the relative transformation of water level and discharge in Songli River and Lihe River at different times, the flow direction is uncertain.

Songzi River: it flows from chenerkou (near chenjiawei) in Songzi county to hujiagang and is divided into two branches. The West Branch flows into Li county through qinglongjiao in the county, then flows into qilihu through pengjiagang and Haokou, and finally flows into Lishui flood channel. The East Branch, known as Dahukou River, passes through wangshousi, Tanzikou and Dahukou to xiaowangjiao and joins with the middle branch, with a flow of 42 km. In 1938 and 1952, the original branches of mihuchang River from north to South and Jiaoqi River from west to East were blocked.

climate

Anxiang county is a humid monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, concentrated precipitation, sufficient sunshine, rich heat, long frost free period and small climate, which is suitable for industrial and agricultural production. However, there are also disastrous weather such as cold wave, gale, rainstorm, drought, hail and freezing, which have a serious impact on industrial, agricultural and people's lives.

natural resources

water resource

The surface water in Anxiang county is very rich, and its sources are: large precipitation, with an average annual precipitation of 1267.9mm from 1990 to 2009; large passenger flow, with an average annual runoff of 99.469 billion cubic meters of 8 rivers crossing the border; large water storage of lakes and Yahe in the embankment. In 2009, there were 13 large and medium-sized lakes and Yahe in the embankment, with a total area of 48600 Mu and water storage of 46 million cubic meters. The total reserve of phreatic water in the upper layer of Holocene is about 180 million cubic meters, and the daily inflow of confined water in the lower layer of Pleistocene is 136.5-234 cubic meters. The content of harmful substances in the upper phreatic water is high, which is not suitable for drinking; the lower confined water is neutral bicarbonate type fresh water, which can be drunk.

Forest resources

Anxiang county is a cultivated vegetation area in the two lake plain. The forest resources are composed of secondary and afforestation. There are 125 species of tree species, belonging to 52 families and 92 genera. There are poplar, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Taxodium ascendens, Cunninghamia lanceolata, masson pine, Toona sinensis, Camptotheca acuminata, Paulownia, Melia azedarach, Salix matsutake, Pterocarpus stenoptera, sassafras tsumu, bamboo, Magnolia and other tree species, as well as citrus, peach, pear, plum, mulberry and other economic trees, and camphor, Ginkgo biloba, cedar, osmanthus, Magnolia grandiflora, King crack Prynne, Dufu and other urban greening trees. In 2009, the forestry land is up to 300000 mu, which is composed of huangshantou forest farm, highways outside the embankment and inside the embankment, ditches, embankments, wasteland, four sides of farmers and urban green land. The forest coverage rate was 10.48%, the afforestation rate was 18.5%, and the volume of standing trees was 830000 cubic meters.

Biological resources

There are 319 species of vascular plants belonging to 228 genera and 88 families in Anxiang County, among which 7 species belong to 7 genera and 6 families of pteridophytes, 312 species belong to 221 genera and 82 families of seed plants. Yeling is a national class II protected plant, while Euryale ferox and Typha are provincial protected plants. There are 231 species of wild vertebrates, including 53 species of aquatic vertebrates and 178 species of terrestrial vertebrates. There are Oriental White Stork, white crane, Chinese merganser, great bustard and other national class I key protected animals, and 24 kinds of national class II protected animals, such as tiger frog, common bunting, Grass Owl, kestrel and otter.

population

By the end of 2018, the total registered residence of Anxiang county was 540 thousand and 900, of which 127 thousand and 900 were non agriculture, 412 thousand and 900 were agricultural, 278 thousand and 500 were men and 262 thousand and 300 were women. There are 78400 people aged 0-17, 105900 people aged 18-34 and 230600 people aged 35-59

Chinese PinYin : Hu Nan Sheng Chang De Shi An Xiang Xian