Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County, Dandong City, Liaoning Province

Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County is subordinate to Dandong City, Liaoning Province. It is located in the southeast of Liaoning Province, on the Bank of Yalu River. It faces the Democratic People's Republic of Korea across the river in the East, Dandong City in the south, Fengcheng City and Benxi Manchu Autonomous County in the west, Huanren Manchu Autonomous County and Ji'an City in Jilin Province in the north. It is not only the largest county in Liaoning Province, but also the largest border county in Liaoning Province. Kuandian County has a total area of 6193 square kilometers and a population of 434000. In 2013, the county's GDP reached 21.13 billion yuan.

Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County has been rated as "national leisure agriculture and rural tourism demonstration county", "China's most beautiful ecotourism county", "Liaoning ecotourism experimental area".

Evolution of organizational system

In the Xia Dynasty, Kuandian belonged to Qingzhou, and the Shang Dynasty still belonged to Qingzhou.

During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, Kuandian was under the jurisdiction of Liaodong County of Yan state.

In the 21th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (226 BC), Qin destroyed Yan and established Liaodong county. Kuandian still belonged to Liaodong county.

In the fifth year of emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty (202 BC), Lu Wan was granted the title of King Yan, and Kuandian was under the jurisdiction of Yan state. In the first year of Yuanshuo (128 BC), the king of Yan was abolished, Liaodong county was set up, xi'anping county was set up (now jiuliancheng is on the top of the river), Kuandian belongs to xi'anping County of Liaodong county.

In the period of the Three Kingdoms, in 238 ad, Wei took Liaodong County, and still set up Xianping county.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, Kuandian still belonged to Xianping County, Liaodong county. During the Sixteen States period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Kuandian was still in the West Anping County of Liaodong county.

In 409 A.D., Kuandian area was divided by the Gaogouli tribe, and the city was established as the administrative structure. Ping county of Xi'an was renamed Anping City, and potecheng was set up in dapushekou. Kuandian area is under the jurisdiction of potecheng. In the Sui Dynasty, Kuandian was still a city of POTAI.

In the first year of Tang Zongzhang (AD 668), Liaodong was recovered and Anton Dufu was set up. Kuandian was under the jurisdiction of Jili Prefecture. In the first year of the calendar (AD 698), Kuandian was located in Huanzhou, Yalu Prefecture, Xijing, Bohai Sea.

After Liao destroyed Bohai State, Kaiyuan County, Kaizhou, was established in Fengcheng. Kuandian was under its jurisdiction. In 1116, the second year of Jinshou state, posafu road was set up in dapushekou. Kuandian was under the jurisdiction of posafu road. In the early years of the Yuan Dynasty, there was still posafu road. In the 17th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1280), it was reduced to Fu. In the 25th year, it was abandoned as the inspection department. Kuandian was under the jurisdiction of posafu inspection department.

In Ming Dynasty, there was a commander of Liaodong capital, Si dongningwei, and Kuandian was under the jurisdiction of dongningwei. In the fifth year of Chenghua (1469), Liaodong side wall was built to Kuandian. In the 42nd year of Jiajing period, there were 13 castles under the jurisdiction of the general. In the first year of Wanli (1573), it was proposed to build Kuandian (Kuandian), Yongdian (Yongdian), Dadian (Tandian), Changdian (Changdian) and Xindian (Hedian). In the fourth year of Wanli, Kuandian's "five fortresses" were built one after another. Kuan Dien joined the ranks of general and deputy commander in chief. He moved Liao right guard sergeant and Cangguan to Kuan Dien fort, created a school temple, opened a Washi, and cultivated land. From a barren area, Kuan Dien became an important town in Eastern Liaoning.

In April 1621, the first year of Tianqi in Qing Dynasty, the Jin army occupied Kuandian and incorporated the army and people into the eight banners. The Han people were granted the title of "Bei Yu" and jointly managed Kuandian with Niu Lu e Zhen (assistant leader). During the reign of emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty, the construction of the wicker side was completed, and Kuandian was the place for the outside patrol of the wicker side. By the import of Yang Bianmen Karen Tong patrol. In the 13th year of Tongzhi, the Qing Dynasty abolished the ban on wicker border. In the first month of the third year of Guangxu reign, the Qing government approved the establishment of Kuandian County, which was subordinate to Fenghuang Zhili hall. In the 32nd year of Guangxu reign, it belonged to Daozhi County in the east of Fengtian province.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Kuandian County was attached to the Eastern Road of Fengtian province. In 1930, Fengtian province was renamed Liaoning Province, and dongbiandao was abandoned. Kuandian County was under the jurisdiction of Liaoning Province. After the September 18th Incident in 1931, Kuandian County was under the jurisdiction of the puppet Fengtian province. In December 1934, it was a county under the jurisdiction of the puppet Anton province. On October 25, 1945, the first detachment of Liaodong people's self defense army liberated Kuandian and established the democratic government of Kuandian County, which is subordinate to Anton province. In 1946, Kuandian County was under the jurisdiction of Anton province. In June 1947, the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army recovered Kuandian, which was under the jurisdiction of the fourth special office of Anton province. In 1948, the fourth special office was abolished and it was a county under the jurisdiction of Anton province. In May 1949, Anton province and Liaoning Province merged to form Liaodong province. Kuandian County was under the jurisdiction of Liaodong province.

At the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, Kuandian County still belonged to Liaodong province.

In August 1954, Liaodong and Liaoxi merged to form Liaoning Province, which belongs to Liaoning Province.

In 1956, Anton's office was set up, which belongs to Anton's office.

In November 1958, Anton's special office was cancelled and it was subordinate to Liaoning Province.

In January 1959, it is a county under the jurisdiction of Anton City, Liaoning Province (Anton city was renamed Dandong City in 1965).

administrative division

As of 2013, Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County has jurisdiction over 19 towns: Kuandian Town, guanshui Town, Bohai Town, Hongshi Town, maodianzi Town, Changdian Town, Yongdian Town, Taipingshao Town, qingshangou Town, niumaowu Town, dachuantou Town, qingyishan Town, yangmuchuan Town, Hushan Town, Zhenjiang town, Budayuan Town, daxicha town, bahechuan Town, shuangshanzi Town, shihugou Town, gulouzi Town, Xiashan town Luhe Korean nationality township.

Population nationality

population

By the end of 2013, 434 thousand people registered residence in Kuandian County, 2882 born in 2013 and 3297 dead.

nation

By the end of 2013, there were 18 nationalities in Kuandian County, including Manchu, Han, Korean, Mongolian, Hui, Zhuang, Xibo, Miao, Yao, Daur, Yi, Tujia, Dong, Tibetan, Uygur, Buyi, Li and Kirgiz. People of all ethnic groups have been living together for a long time, learning from each other and living in harmony, contributing their own strength and wisdom to the development, construction and protection of Kuandian.

（1） Manchu

Manchu has a long history in Kuandian. As early as the 21st year of Yongle (1423), li man, the leader of Nuzhen in Jianzhou, lived in the middle and lower reaches of Hunjiang River. In the early Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, after the completion of kuandieliubao, there were Wanggao Wanyan Department of Nuzhen in the north and Donge Department of wangwutang in the East. People of all ethnic groups live together and trade with each other, which promotes the development of Kuandian area. In the first year of Tianqi (1621), after Nurhachi, the Jin regime occupied Kuandian, and the residents were incorporated into the eight banners. In 1644, the Qing army entered the pass, and the children of eight banners of Kuandian "entered the pass from the dragon". Kuandian was the frontier and the forbidden area was sealed outside, which lasted for 200 years. During the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, the frontier was closed loosely and the residents gathered gradually. In 1876, Zuo Baoxin led his soldiers to Kuandian to release the land. After the establishment of Kuandian County in 1876, the population of Manchu increased gradually. In the second year of Xuantong, there were 20356 Manchu residents, accounting for 9% of the total population. The revolution of 1911 overthrew the Qing Dynasty. Under the historical conditions at that time, some Manchu people "went out of the banner and entered the people".

After the founding of new China, when the first census was conducted in 1953, the Manchu population was 11199, accounting for 3.8% of the total population. In 1983, the State Council issued a notice to restore and correct the ethnic composition, and the Manchu people who originally changed their ethnic group began to apply to the government to restore the ethnic composition. At the end of 1985, the Manchu population was 173917, accounting for 39.88% of the total population. In the same year, with the approval of the provincial government, seven Manchu townships (towns) including maodianzi, Hushan, Budayuan, guanshui, yangmuchuan, Jiapigou (borahai), guanshui and xialuhe Korean Manchu towns were established. Minority townships (towns) accounted for 34.78% of the total number of townships (towns) in the County. According to the fifth census in 2002, the population of Manchu is 232248, accounting for 53.42% of the total population of the county.

（2） Han nationality

Han nationality has been the earliest and most populous people in Kuandian since ancient times. During the Warring States period, Yan people entered Liaodong. Due to the evolution of the times, the number of Han people in the territory increased and decreased. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, Chengbao was built in Kuandian, such as Xianshan (today's Tuchengzi Village), jiangyantai (today's Hushan) and so on. The policy of "stationing troops on the side of the border and integrating troops into agriculture" was carried out. After the "kuandieliubao" was built in the early years of Wanli, the system of tuntian was implemented, and the population of Han nationality increased gradually. During the period from Xianfeng to Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, the Han people in Shandong and Zhili broke the ban of Qing Dynasty and went to Kuandian to cultivate and survive. In the 33rd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, the population of the county was 176018, of which the Han nationality accounted for nine tenths. In the early period of the Republic of China, warlords fought with each other, and disasters occurred frequently. In addition, the Han population increased sharply. At the first census in 1953, the Han population accounted for 94.2% of the total population. In 1983, the party's ethnic policy was implemented, and the Manchu people who had changed their ethnic groups were restored. In 1985, the Han population was 253806, accounting for 58.19% of the total population of the county. At the fifth census in 2002, the Han population was 195346, accounting for 44.93% of the total population.

（3） Korean nationality

In 1910, when Japan annexed the Korean Peninsula, some Korean patriots and bankrupt peasants could not bear the cruel rule of Japanese imperialism and left their homes to Kuandian. By the fourth year of the Republic of China, there were 2040 households and 11307 Korean people in the county. In 1930, the Manchuria Provincial Party committee of the Communist Party of China established a special branch in Kuandian. Most of the party members were Korean. After the September 18th Incident in the 20th year of the Republic of China, some Korean people settled in Kuandian. In the 29th year of the Republic of China, there were 1585 Korean families and 89 families in Kuandian

Chinese PinYin : Liao Ning Sheng Dan Dong Shi Kuan Dian Man Zu Zi Zhi Xian