Menyuan Hui Autonomous County, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province

Menyuan Hui Autonomous County Menyuan Hui Autonomous County is located in the northeast of Qinghai Province, China, under the jurisdiction of Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, in the east of Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, and adjacent to Gansu Province in the East and North. It is 150 kilometers away from Xining, the provincial capital, and 250 kilometers away from Haiyan County, the capital of Haibei Prefecture. The total area is 6896 square kilometers. Menyuan County was established in 1929, Menyuan Hui Autonomous Region was established in 1953, and Menyuan Hui Autonomous County was changed in 1955. In 2013, the regional GDP of Menyuan Hui Autonomous County reached 292 million yuan. Hui nationality is the main ethnic group, accounting for about 40% of the total population, as well as Han, Tibetan, Tu, Mongolian, Salar and other ethnic groups. The total population was 155800 (2013). Menyuan County, formerly known as "亹, m é n", was simplified as the homonym "men" because the writing of "亹" was too complicated.

On November 30, 2015, it was listed as the second batch of national new urbanization comprehensive pilot areas. In December 2017, the State Commission for democracy and people's livelihood named the fifth batch of national demonstration areas for national unity and progress. On May 15, 2019, the Qinghai provincial government announced that 12 counties (cities), including Menyuan Hui Autonomous County, will withdraw from the poverty-stricken counties.

Evolution of organizational system

Qin Dynasty is the hometown of Qiang people, Han Dynasty and three kingdoms are the jurisdiction of Xiping County.

In the Sixteen States of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, they belonged to five states, namely Qianliang, Houliang, Nanliang and Beiliang.

During the northern and Southern Dynasties, it was the pastoral land of Tuguhun people of Xianbei nationality. The Sui and Tang Dynasties were under the jurisdiction of Shanzhou, which was later occupied by Tubo.

In the Song Dynasty, the local governments of liugubu, Xixia, hesiluo and Song Dynasty ruled alternately.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Zhangji Fuma was a fief under the jurisdiction of Xining Prefecture. Some of the "Pro army of the western regions" who came with the Mongolian army from the East settled in Menyuan.

In the sixth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (A.D. At the end of Ming Dynasty, it was a pastureland of Mongolian people.

In the second year of Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty (1724 AD), after the Qing army calmed down the anti Qing incident of luobuzangdanjin, it set up datongwei. Next year, Datong City (now Menyuan County) was built.

In the ninth year of Qianlong (1744 AD), Datong Wei was moved to Chengguan town.

In the 26th year of Qianlong (1761 A.D.), Wei was changed to county. Menyuan was Datong County, belonging to Hongshan and Yongan forts.

In the 18th year of the Republic of China (1929 Ad), Datong County designated hongshanbao, yonganbao, Qilian Babao and alike in beidatong, Xining County designated Xianmi temple and Zhugu temple, and Menyuan County was set up under the jurisdiction of Qinghai Province.

Menyuan was liberated on September 10, 1949, and the people's Government of Menyuan County was established on September 16.

On December 19, 1953, the Menyuan Hui Autonomous Region was established.

In June 1955, it was renamed Menyuan Hui Autonomous County.

administrative division

Division evolution

In 2000, Menyuan Hui Autonomous County had jurisdiction over 2 towns and 13 townships (including 1 ethnic township). Township: Haomen Town, qingshizui Town, Huangcheng Mongolian Township, sujitan Township, datan Township, Beishan Township, Xitan Township, Hantai Township, quangoutai Township, Malian Township, Yintian Township, Dongchuan Township, Ketu Township, Xianmi Township, Zhugu township.

On March 5, 2001, the people's Government of Qinghai province gave an official reply: Dongchuan Township and Ketu Township were abolished and merged into Dongchuan town; Hantai Township and quangoutai Township were abolished and merged into quankou town (the town government was stationed in the former Hantai township); datan township was abolished and merged into qingshizui town.

Zoning details

As of 2013, Menyuan Hui Autonomous County has jurisdiction over 4 towns, 7 townships, 1 Ethnic Township, 4 neighborhood committees and 109 Village (animal husbandry) committees.

geographical environment

Location context

Menyuan Hui Autonomous County is located in the northeast of Qinghai Province, with a total area of 6896 square kilometers. It is under the jurisdiction of Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. In the east of Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, it borders Tianzhu, Sunan and Shandan counties in Gansu Province in the middle of Hexi Corridor in the northeast, Datong and Huzhu counties in Qinghai Province in the south, Qilian and Haiyan counties in the West. Latitude: 37.5 ° to 38 ° n, longitude: 102 ° to 102.5 ° E.

Geology and geomorphology

The mountainous area of Menyuan Hui Autonomous County accounts for 83.1%, the basin area is 16.9%, and the altitude is between 2388-5254 meters. It is close to Qilian Mountain in the north and Daban mountain in the south. The terrain is high in the northwest, low in the southeast, high in the north and south, and low in the middle. It forms the Menyuan basin with humid climate and abundant water. The terrain is complex, with an average altitude of 2866 meters, including mountains, platforms, hills, ditches, valleys, rivers and beaches. Located in the eastern end of Qilian Mountains, the terrain is complex and the height difference is wide. In the north, there are many peaks at the foot of Qilian Mountain. In the south, Daban mountain is high and steep, and Datong Valley is flat.

climate

Menyuan Hui Autonomous County has a plateau continental climate and is located in the westerly zone of middle latitude. It is characterized by long sunshine time, strong solar radiation and large temperature difference between day and night. In the winter half year, affected by the cold and dry climate from Siberia, the climate is relatively cold and dry. In summer, the climate is cool and humid due to the southwest warm and humid air flow in the bay of Bengal. It has the characteristics of snowy and windy in spring, cool and rainy in summer, mild and short in autumn and cold and long in winter. The annual sunshine hours are 2264.8-2739.8 hours, the annual solar radiation is 130.68-154.0 kcal / cm2, the daily temperature range is 11.6-17.5 ℃, the annual average temperature is 0.8 ℃, the annual average precipitation is 520 mm, and the annual evaporation is 100 mm.

hydrology

Datong River flows from west to East, and 28 rivers, including ningchan River, Laohugou River and taola River, flow into it. There are 31 rivers with a drainage area of more than 50 square kilometers.

natural resources

water resource

Menyuan Hui Autonomous County is an important water conservation area and replenishment area in Hehuang area and Hexi corridor. The flow of Datong River, a secondary tributary of the Yellow River, is 176 km. In 2013, the water energy resource reserve was 560000 kW.

land resource

The cultivated land area of Menyuan Hui Autonomous County is 600000 mu, of which 444300 Mu belongs to the county.

mineral resources

In 2013, 20 kinds of mineral resources have been found in Menyuan Hui Autonomous County, including coal, gold, silver, copper and zinc. Among them, 140 million tons of coal reserves have been identified. Anthracite known as "Black Pearl" is widely distributed in ningzhan and yikeshu areas of Menyuan County, and it is the largest anthracite production base in Qinghai Province. At present, there are more than ten kinds of mineral resources, such as gold, lead, zinc, copper and coal. There are 16 kinds of non-metallic and metallic minerals, including coal, fluorite, Iceland spar and limestone. The metallic minerals include gold, copper, lead-zinc, silver, copper, ferrochrome, iron, niobium, tantalum and tungsten.

Biological resources

There are more than 40 species of wild animals in Menyuan Hui Autonomous County, including snow leopard, musk deer, lynx, etc., and more than 10 species of precious animals such as Qinglu, red deer, otter, swan, snow chicken, Lanma chicken, etc. There are 62 kinds of wild medicinal plants, such as Cordyceps, astragalus, rhubarb, Gentiana macrophylla, Saussurea involucrata, etc.

Population nationality

As of 2013, the total population of Menyuan Hui Autonomous County is 155800, including 128100 farmers and herdsmen, accounting for 82.2%; there are 22 ethnic groups including Hui, Han, Tibetan and Mongolian, including 97300 ethnic minorities and 70700 Hui, accounting for 62.4% and 45.8% respectively.

Economic overview

overview

In 2013, the Gross Regional Product of Menyuan Hui Autonomous County was 292 million yuan, an increase of 15.9% compared with 2012. The added value of the primary industry was 71 million yuan, an increase of 4.1% compared with 2012. The added value of the secondary industry was 101 million yuan, an increase of 42.3% compared with 2012. The added value of the tertiary industry was 119 million yuan, an increase of 10.6% compared with 2012. The contribution rates of the first, second and third industries to GDP were 6.8%, 59.1% and 34.1%, respectively, driving economic growth by 1.1, 9.4 and 5.4 percentage points respectively. The proportion of primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry in GDP was 24.4%, 34.7% and 40.9% respectively.

primary industry

In 2013, 444300 mu of crops were sown in Menyuan Hui Autonomous County, including 150000 mu of grain crops, 166000 mu of oil crops, 121000 mu of forage grass, and 7300 mu of vegetables. In 2013, 345000 kg of seeds were supplied, 5307.5 tons of chemical fertilizers and pesticides were transported and stored, 4130 tons of chemical fertilizers and pesticides were sold, 147000 mu of grain crops and 21000 mu of oil crops were sown. It is planned to create two demonstration areas with high yield of 10000 mu, one demonstration field of 1000 mu, one core demonstration field of 100 mu, 4000 mu of full film potato, 4000 mu of virus-free potato seed potato, and 400000 mu of soil testing and formulated fertilization. A total of 273700 piglets were bred and live, with a reproduction rate of 79.34% and a survival rate of 97.9%. 73000 cattle and sheep were fattened and trafficked. Agricultural and animal husbandry industrial structure adjustment, drought resistance irrigation, pest control, soil testing and formulated fertilization, agricultural machinery renewal, agricultural and animal husbandry cooperative construction, agricultural and animal husbandry information service, agricultural insurance, land and grassland circulation and other measures were carried out in an orderly manner. The prevention and control rate of major animal diseases reached 100%, and no major animal diseases occurred.

The main crops are rape and highland barley, and they also grow peas, wheat, potatoes, vegetables, etc. the annual output of rape reaches 30000 tons, and the oil production rate is as high as 40%. It is known as "gate source oil, flowing everywhere". It has an annual output of more than 1500 tons of rape nectar, 30 tons of pollen, 20 tons of royal jelly, and 2 tons of propolis, which is the leading crop in Qinghai Province

Chinese PinYin : Qing Hai Sheng Hai Bei Cang Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Men Yuan Hui Zu Zi Zhi Xian