Wudu District, Longnan City, Gansu Province

Wudu District, under the jurisdiction of Longnan City, Gansu Province, is located in the southeast of Gansu Province, the middle of Longnan City and the middle reaches of Bailong River. Wudu as a place name began in the pre Qin Dynasty. Wudu County was established in the Western Han Dynasty, changed to Jiezhou in the Tang Dynasty, and Wudu County was established in the Republic of China. In 2004, Wudu County was set up as a district. Wudu district is the political, economic, cultural, transportation center and military town of Longnan, and one of the central cities in Southeast Gansu. It has 4 sub district offices, 26 towns, 8 townships, 2 ethnic townships, 50 communities and 649 villages, covering an area of 4683 square kilometers, with a total population of 602829 and a permanent resident population of 568100, with an urbanization rate of 40.56% (2017).

Wudu district is located at the junction of Qinling and Bashu mountains, known as "the throat of Bashu and the key of Qinlong". It is the main traffic route of Gansu, Shaanxi and Sichuan. The climate is mild, with four distinct seasons, and the forest coverage rate reaches 30.4% (2018). It is known as "Jiangnan in Longshang" and "botanical Grand View Garden", and is praised by famous geologist Li Siguang as "precious complex zone". There are national protected plants such as Metasequoia glyptostroboides and Taxus chinensis, and rare animals such as giant panda, golden monkey and takin. There are two national nature reserves, namely Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve (hongtuhe nature reserve) and Gansu Yuhe National Nature Reserve.

Wudu district is "the hometown of olive in China", "the hometown of Chinese prickly ash" and "the hometown of Millennium medicine". It has successively won the titles of "provincial health city", "the most beautiful China · destination city", "the most beautiful China · ecology, natural tourism city, cultural charm and characteristic charm tourism city", "the most beautiful ecological and livable tourism area in China" and "the hometown of Chinese folk culture and art" . Famous products include "Wudu olive", "Wudu pepper", "Longnan green tea", "Wudu Yami", "Micang Hongqi" and so on. Scenic spots include Wanxiang cave, yaozhaigou, qianba grassland, etc.

Historical evolution

According to the fossil research report of "Dryopithecus wuduensis" found in longgou, it is proved that as early as 10 million years ago, the Bailong River and Beiyu river basins in Wudu were important areas where ancient apes lived. In addition, the valley is crisscross, the rainfall is abundant, and the forest is luxuriant. Therefore, there are many animals, such as hippo, brown ox, rhinoceros, deer, Saber Toothed elephant, saber toothed tiger and so on.

According to the general survey and textual research of cultural relics, it is found that there are very rich ancient cultural relics and relics on the Loess Plateau along the Bailong River and its tributaries Beiyu River, GouBa River and Fujin river. There are Yangshao culture 7000 years ago, Majiayao culture 5000 years ago, Qijia culture 4000 years ago and Siwa culture of baimadi nationality in Wudu of Shang and Zhou dynasties.

At the latest, Wudu had the footprints of Chinese people in the middle and late Neolithic period. They first lived in the Beiyu River Basin, and then multiplied along the Bailong River and its tributaries, GouBa River and Fujin River, thus creating a splendid ancient culture of Wudu.

During the Xia and Shang Dynasties, Wudu was the place of Yongzhou in Yugong, the residence of Di people.

In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, Wudu was located in Liangzhou, where Qiang and Di people lived.

Before Qin Dynasty, Wudu had been established at the level of Dao (county).

In Qin Dynasty, Wudu belonged to baimadi people. Qin Shihuang set up Wudu Road, subordinate to Longxi County.

In the sixth year of Yuanding (111 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty destroyed southern Guangdong, and then sent troops to attack southwest Yi. According to the records in the biography of Southwest Yi in the book of Han Dynasty, "after the destruction of southern Guangdong, the Han Dynasty killed Qielan and qiongjun, and killed Marquis Peng, so ran Peng was frightened. He asked his officials to set up officials. Qiongdu was the county of Yue Yu, zudu was Shenli, ran Peng was Wenshan, and xibaima was Wudu." When Wudu County was first established in the reign of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, it was subordinate to Wudu (Luoyu, Xihe county), Shangyi (West of Chengxian county), Gudao (Liangdang county), Hechi (northwest of Huixian City), pingledao (Pingluo, Kangxian county), Ju (northwest of Mianxian County), jialingdao (north of Lueyang county), xuchengdao (southeast of Chengxian county) and xiabiandao (northwest of Chengxian city), with 5313760000 households and 235560000 people. Today, most of Wudu district is under the jurisdiction of hepingledao, Wudu County. In the second year of the first two years of emperor Hanping, there were 13 Department of Cishi in the whole country, and Wudu County belonged to the Department of Cishi in Yizhou. After Wang Mang usurped the throne, Wudu County was changed to Pingle County in the new dynasty (the county government was transferred to Pingluo, Kangxian County, or to Hechi), and Wudu County was changed to xunlu county (the county government is still in the West and Luoyu). In the first year of Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty (25th year), Wudu County was restored, and its governance was transferred to Xiabian (now in the west of Chengxian county). Xiabian was subordinate to seven counties, namely Xiabian, wududao, Shangjia, Gudao, Hechi, Ju and Qiangdao. In the 31st year of the seventh year of Jianwu period, Wudu County government was transferred from Xiabian to qingni Valley, a tributary of Jialing River (now in Chengxian county). Most of Wudu district now belongs to Wudu road and Qiang road. From the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms, the name of the county remained unchanged, and Wudu was under the jurisdiction of Wudu County, the governor of Liangzhou. In 219, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, Liu Bei captured Hanzhong County occupied by Cao Cao, which blocked the connection between Wudu and Yongzhou. So Cao Cao abandoned Wudu County and moved to Fufeng xiaohuaili.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Wudu was a separate area of Shu and Wei. In 220, Wudu County belonged to Qinzhou. In 229, the seventh year of Jianxing in the Shu Han Dynasty, Zhuge Liang sent his guards to take Wudu and Yinping counties. Wudu County has six counties, namely Xiabian, Wudu, Gudao, Hechi, Ju and Qiangdao. In October 263, Wei general Deng AI led his troops to the south. After passing through Wudu and leaving Yinping, Chengdu was captured by surprise forces, which led to the collapse of the Shuhan regime. Originally under the jurisdiction of Shu state, it was divided into Liangzhou and Yizhou, and Wudu County entered Liangzhou.

Jin followed the Han system, Wudu County belongs to Qinzhou, subordinate to Xiabian, Hechi, Ju, Wudu, Gudao five counties. County governance. In 317, the first year of emperor Jianwu of the Jin Dynasty, Yang Nandi, the leader of the chouchi clan, became the king of Zuo Xian. Mei nationality was promoted as the king of Wudu, and counties were abolished, which was called Wudu state. In the first year of Yongchang (322), emperor yuan defeated the Yang family and sent the governor of Yizhou to guard. In the third year of the Ming Dynasty (325), Yang was still under control. In the first year of Xian'an (371) of emperor Jian Wen, Fujian of the former Qin Dynasty conquered the state of Qiu Chi and became South Qinzhou. He set up a governor and was subordinate to the four counties of Bian, Ju, Wudu and JuShui. In the second year of emperor Xiaowu's Taiyuan reign (377), Yang Ding, the fifth grandson of Yang Nandi, was named as the king of Qiu Chi. In the fourth year of emperor an's reign of Yixi (408), the Yang family was called a vassal. It was still Wudu County in southern Qinzhou, and the Lingxian county was as old as before.

In 443, Yang Wende established the Wudu state in Jialu (today's Wudu waina town) under the support of Sima Hongda, Zhengxi, Zhonglang and Rensheng in the former town of Qiuchi state. In 477, Yang Wendu was exterminated by the Northern Wei Dynasty and passed on to two generations and four masters. It lasted for 34 years. In 448, Wudu County moved from Xiabian to Shimen. In 487, Emperor Xiaowen of Wei Dynasty changed Wudu County into Wudu town. The town was moved from Shimen to Xianling mountain (now the Old City mountain). The earth city was built according to the mountain. The gate of zhongloutan in the south of the city ascended to Xianling mountain, and 72 steps were built. Wudu city was built in the beginning (the name of the later state comes from this). The town is divided into Shimen (now Shimen), Baishui (now qinjiahe, Longba township), Dongping (now Jiaogong town) and Kongdi (now Yulong town). At the same time, it was under the jurisdiction of WuJie county (today's Daan temple in Citrus township). There are three counties in the North (near Jianshan, Jinwen county), five in the South (between Yaodu town and zhangquanyuan, Fengxiang Township, Sichuan Province), and Chiwan (Caochuan, Huangping Township, Sichuan Province). In 535, Emperor Wen of the Western Wei Dynasty changed Wudu town to Wuzhou. In the 12th year of Datong (546), Wuzhou was changed into South Qinzhou, linganyu (Shimen County) and Dongping county. At the same time, there are Baishui, Kongdi and Wanjun. Baishui County leads Honghua (Zengjia street, Jinhua town) and Suihua (qinjiahe, Longba town), KongDi county leads Kongdi County, Wanjun leads Chiwan, jienan and wubu counties. In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Baishui, Wanjun and Kongdi were worshipped into Wuzhou, and they were subordinate to Wudu. Suihua was rebuilt into Wei, Honghua and Kongdi were built into Wei, Anyu was transformed into Li, Chiwan was merged into Fujin, and the northern and southern baipandi were built.

In 581, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty abolished the county system. In the third year of Daye (607) of emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty, Wudu County was restored. It was governed by General Li (today's old Chengshan), General Li, Jianwei (today's qinjiahe in Longba township), Fujin (today's Daan temple in jugan township), pandi (today's between Litang village in waina town and Linjiang town in Wen County), Changsong, Qushui (today's Wen County), Zhengxi counties.

In 618, Wudu County was changed to Wuzhou, and its governing place was Jiangli (near the present-day Hanwang town), which belongs to longyoudao and has jurisdiction over Jiangli, Jianwei, pandi and Fujin counties. In the first year of Zhenguan (627), Emperor Taizong of Tang dynasty built three counties, namely, weibingjiangli, Wuzhou xialingjiangli, pandi and Fujin. Xuanzong Tianbao first year (742), Wuzhou renamed Wudu County. In 758, Wudu County was changed to Wuzhou. In the second year of zongguangde (764), the Tang Dynasty was occupied by Tubo. Yizong of Tang Dynasty recovered in 867. In the first year of Jingfu (892), Emperor Zhaozong of Tang Dynasty, Wudu was renamed Jiezhou, which governed the old city and changed Fujin County into Fujin county. Although the governance of Hou Zhou moved, and was once located in Langao town (today's dananyu in Kangxian county) and Fujin town (today's Hanwang town), the name of Jie Zhou was always used in 1913. At the end of Tang Dynasty (about 908), it was the land of Li Maozhen, king of Qi.

In the eighth year of Tianfu (943), Emperor Gaozu of the later Jin Dynasty, Jiezhou was ruled by the later Jin Dynasty. In about 959, it belongs to the Later Zhou Dynasty, and is still called the rank state. In about 924 and 954, Jiezhou was under the jurisdiction of former Shu and later Shu respectively. In the first year of Changxing (930), it was transferred to Fujin (today's Daan temple in jugan township).

The Northern Song Dynasty inherited the system of Tang Dynasty. Fujin was governed by Jiezhou. It belonged to Qinfeng Road, Shaanxi Province. It was subordinate to Fujin and Jiangli counties (now in Kangxian county). It had jurisdiction over Wudu, Kangxian and Zhouqu. Later, Xianling mountain (now the Old City mountain) was moved. Song Zhenzong dazhongxiang

Chinese PinYin : Gan Su Sheng Long Nan Shi Wu Dou Qu