Longchuan County, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province

Longchuan, Longchuan County, is called "Mengwan" in Dai language, which means the place where the sun shines. Belonging to Dehong Prefecture of Yunnan Province, it is located in the southwest border of China. It is connected with mountains, rivers and fields of Myanmar. The border line is 50.899 kilometers long, with a land area of 1931 square kilometers and a total population of 181580 people (in 2010). Zhangfeng county is 779 kilometers away from Kunming, the provincial capital. It is the top of the southwest border of China.

Longchuan County governs 8 townships, 4 towns and 1 state-owned farm, with a total area of 1913 square kilometers, 350000 mu of arable land and nearly 3 mu of arable land per capita; the total population of the county is 180000, including 120000 agricultural population. There are mainly Jingpo, Dai, Achang, Lisu, De'ang and Hui ethnic groups in the territory, which are the counties with the largest population distribution of Jingpo and Achang in China.

Longchuan is a typical frontier multi-ethnic agricultural county, which has the greatest advantages of low land development cost, suitable for the development of green industrial economy and port location advantages for the development of foreign trade economy.

Historical division

Historical evolution

Today, Longchuan belonged to the "Mengwan" territory of the Dai nationality in ancient times.

In 425 B.C., the "mengzhang" (Baoshan Basin) tribe of the Dai nationality called on all the tribes of the Dai nationality to form an alliance state "mengdaguang" (ailaoguo in Chinese), and the "Mengwan" tribe of the Dai nationality joined "mengdaguang" (ailaoguo).

In 69 ad, "mengdaguang" (Ailao state) was attached to the Han Dynasty, and its place was Yongchang County; today Longchuan belongs to Ailao County of Yongchang County.

In 77 A.D., after the failure of Zhao Daguang (Ailao king) against the Han Dynasty, he went to the west of Nujiang River to reorganize the alliance state "Meng Daguang" (Chinese translation of "Shan State") and successively established the capital city in "Meng mian" (Tengchong), "Meng La" (Yingjiang), "Meng Mao" (Ruili), "Pu Kam" (central Myanmar); today Longchuan belongs to "Meng Daguang" (Shan State).

In 586 ad, "mengdaguang" (Shan State) was destroyed by the PYU people, "mengguo zhanbi" (former Guo zhanbi state) organized Dai tribes to fight against the PYU people and inherited the territory of "mengdaguang" (Shan State); today Longchuan belongs to "mengguo zhanbi" (former Guo zhanbi state).

In 762 ad, "mengshelong" (translated as "Nanzhao state") annexed the western parts of Lancang River and "mengguo zhanbi" (former Guozhanbi state), and established Yongchang Jiedu and Zhenxi Jiedu; today Longchuan belongs to "mengshelong" (Nanzhao state) Zhenxi Jiedu.

In 954 ad, "mengguo zhanbi" (consequence zhanbi state) restored the state, respected Dali state as "menghuoxiang" (the state of gems) and called itself "menghuohan" (the state of gold); today Longchuan belongs to "mengguo zhanbi" (consequence zhanbi state).

In 1261 A.D., the great Mongolia called on all kinds of local tribes west of Lancang River to set up the Department of appeasement such as Jinchi, and the "mengguo zhanbi" (consequence zhanbi state) disintegrated at the same time; today Longchuan belongs to the Department of appeasement such as Jinchi.

In 1271 ad, the pacification Department of Jinchi and other places set up east pacification envoys (zhenkang road pacification envoys) and Jianning road pacification envoys respectively; today Longchuan belongs to West pacification envoys of the pacification Department of Jinchi and other places.

In 1278 ad, the Yuan Dynasty (the former great Mongolia) cut the gold teeth and other places to pacify the division. The former West Road pacification envoy set up the Xuanfu division of Zhenxi, pingmian, Luchuan and other roads under the jurisdiction of Zhenxi, pingmian, Luchuan and other roads. Today, Longchuan belongs to pingmian road.

In 1286, the Xuanfu Department of kangmang, Shi ruoyuan and other roads in Zhenxi were cut off, and the Xuanfu Department of minluchuan and other roads in Zhenxi were merged into the Xuanfu Department of Jinchi and other departments in Dali (later changed to the Marshal's office of Jinchi and other Xuanwei departments in Dali); today Longchuan still belongs to pingmian road.

In 1312 ad, sihanfa, the Dai leader of mengmao (Ruili River valley basin), annexed the surrounding areas and established the alliance state "mengmaonong" (Luchuan state); today, Longchuan belongs to "mengmaonong" (Luchuan state).

In 1355 ad, "mengmaonong" (Luchuan state) was attached to the Yuan Dynasty, where pingmian xuanweisi was set up; today Longchuan belongs to pingmian xuanweisi.

In 1384 ad, "mengmaonong" (Luchuan state) was attached to the Ming Dynasty, where Luchuan pingmian xuanweisi was set up; today, Longchuan belongs to Luchuan pingmian xuanweisi.

After 1400 A.D., the Ming Dynasty gradually "analyzed Luchuan land" (only the south of Liang, Mangshi, Longchuan, Ruili, Mujie and Nankan of Myanmar remained); in 1428 A.D., Luchuan pingmian xuanweisi broke away from the Ming Dynasty and restored "mengmaonong" (Luchuan state) to expand to the surrounding areas; in 1439 A.D., mengmaonong (Luchuan state) defeated the Ming army and occupied the area beyond Lancang River In 1441, 1442 and 1448, the Ming Dynasty made three expeditions to Luchuan. When the Ming Dynasty made the second expedition to Luchuan, it forced mengmaonong (Luchuan state) from mengmao (Ruili River valley basin) to Mengyang (today's Kachin state of Myanmar). In 1444, the Ming Dynasty set up another Xuanfu Department of Longchuan (now Longchuan, mangshizhefang, Ruili and muzie of Myanmar) , namkan, Myanmar, etc.).

In 1584 ad, the Ming Dynasty divided the Xuanfu division of Longchuan into Zhefang Deputy Xuanfu division (Zhefang town of Mangshi and Wanding town of Ruili); in 1604 ad, the Ming Dynasty divided the Xuanfu division of Longchuan into mengmao pacification division (which governs today's Ruili, Mujie and Nankan of Myanmar).

In 1659 ad, the Qing Dynasty still set up the Xuanfu division in Longchuan along the Ming Dynasty; in 1766 ad, the Qing Dynasty divided the Xuanfu division in Longchuan into husachang division and Lasha division.

In 1912, the government of the Republic of China set up the Longchuan Tanya Committee on top of the Xuanfu, Husa and Lasa divisions.

In 1916 A.D., the Tanya member was changed to the executive member, and the Husa chief secretary was assigned to the Ganya member and the Lasa Chief Secretary to the mengmao member.

In 1932, the Xuanfu division of Longchuan set up the administrative bureau of Longchuan. The Dai local officials of Xuanfu division and the Han officials of the Administrative Bureau ruled Longchuan at the same time.

In 1942, when the Japanese occupied Longchuan, Longchuan set up a governing Bureau and its personnel were evacuated. Duoyong'an, the hereditary Xuanfu envoy of Longchuan, organized the Dai Anti Japanese armed forces to deal with the Japanese army.

In January 1945, the Japanese army withdrew from Longchuan, and Longchuan set up the Administration Bureau to resume.

In May 1950, the Chinese people's Liberation Army entered Longchuan.

In December 1951, a united government of all nationalities was established in Longchuan.

In November 1952, Longchuan County was established by abolishing the Longchuan Administrative Bureau and the Longchuan ethnic coalition government.

In November 1958, Ruili county and Longchuan County merged into Ruili county.

In September 1959, Ruili county was divided into Longchuan County and Ruili county.

In April 1998, the people's Government of Longchuan County moved from Chengzi town to Zhangfeng Town, and governed four towns (Zhangfeng, Chengzi, Jinghan, Longba) and eight townships (Husa, Qingping, Jiewu, MengYue, wangzishu, saihao, Huguo, bangwa).

In 2002, bangwa Township and its jurisdiction were abolished and merged into Chengzi town and MengYue Township respectively; Longchuan County governed 4 towns (Zhangfeng, Chengzi, Jinghan and Longba) and 7 townships (Husa, Qingping, Jiewu, MengYue, wangzishu, saihao and Huguo).

In November 2005, saihao Township and Jiewu Township were abolished, and most of the former saihao township was incorporated into Jinghan Town, the former Jiewu Township and sading village committee of the former saihao Township were incorporated into Chengzi town.

Current zoning

Longchuan County governs four towns (Zhangfeng Town, Longba Town, Jinghan Town, Chengzi town), four townships (Huguo Township, Qingping Township, zizishu Township, MengYue township), one ethnic township (Husa Achang township), and one farm (Longchuan farm).

geographical environment

details

Location context

Longchuan, called Mengwan in Dai language, means the place where the sun shines. It is located in the southwest of China. It is adjacent to Luxi County in the East, Ruili City in the south, Lianghe County and Yingjiang County in the north, and Myanmar in the West. The border line is 50.899 km long, and its geographical coordinates are 24 ° 08 ′ - 24 ° 39 ′, 97 ° 39 ′ - 98 ° 17 ′. With an area of 1931 square kilometers, Zhangfeng county is 779 kilometers away from Kunming, the provincial capital. It is the forefront of Southwest China.

landforms

The terrain of Longchuan County runs through Gaoligong Mountain, southwest, high in Northeast and low in southwest. The landform is characterized by "three mountains, two dams and one valley", high in Northeast and low in southwest, with the highest altitude of 2618.8 meters and the lowest altitude of 780 meters.

climate

Longchuan has a subtropical monsoon climate with abundant rainfall, sunshine and heat. The four seasons are not obvious and the dry and wet seasons are distinct. The rainy season is from May to October, and the dry season is from November to April. The annual average temperature is 18.9 ℃, the rainfall is 1595 mm, and the sunshine is 2316 hours. The average annual relative humidity is 79%. Southwest wind, annual average wind speed of 1.5 m / s, maximum wind speed of 30 m / s. The average rainfall over the years is 1595 mm, the average annual rainfall day is 166 days, and there is no snow all the year round.

natural resources

Botany

Due to the influence of geographical conditions, the vegetation in Longchuan County is distributed in the form of vertical band spectrum. There are more than 150 kinds of natural vegetation and more than 20 kinds of artificial vegetation. High quality wood: Toona sinensis, Phoebe heterophylla, Dalbergia (tussah nannengkesang), Schima superba (mahogany), Catalpa bungei, Taiwania flousiana, Betula alnoides, oak, jujube, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Pinus yunnanensis, neem, etc.

animal

There are 107 species of wild animals in 4 categories in Longchuan County. Among them, there are 27 species of wild animals: water deer, brown bear, black bear, leopard, clouded leopard, Sumen antelope (mountain donkey), jackal, fox, Jiujie civet, Swertia deer, wild boar, yellow monkey, long armed monkey, hanba sheep, split face dog (fruit civet), muntjac, hedgehog (porcupine), lynx, hare, wild cat, weasel, grey monkey, otter, squirrel, bamboo rat, pangolin, etc.; 35 species of wild birds and resident birds; 27 species of wild animals There are 14 species of birds, 31 species of amphibians and aquariums.

water conservancy

There are 98 rivers and rivers in Longchuan County, with a total length of 752.85 km. They flow from north to south into Lijiang and Daying rivers and then into Yiluowa River, with a surface water volume of 7.7 billion cubic meters.

The main rivers are: Nanwan

Chinese PinYin : Yun Nan Sheng De Hong Dai Zu Jing Po Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Long Chuan Xian