Gangcha County, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province

Gangcha County Gangcha county is a county under the jurisdiction of Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province and one of the key animal husbandry counties around the lake. It is located in the west of the prefecture and on the Hubei coast of Qinghai Province. The county government is located in Shaliuhe Town, 110 kilometers away from Xihai Town, Haiyan County.

By 2012, the total population of the county was 42000, of which 72.5% were ethnic minorities, 63.38% were Tibetans, and Han, Mongolian, Hui, Dongxiang and other ethnic groups. It covers an area of 8138.07 square kilometers. It governs 3 townships, 2 towns and 1 market. It was a place of Qiang Nationality in ancient times.

The main rivers in Gangcha county are mule River, kekesai River, Jiangcang River, Shaliu River, bahawulan River, Buha River, khargai River and jilmeng river. It has a plateau continental climate with an average annual temperature of - 0.6 ℃ and an annual precipitation of 370mm. The main mineral deposits are coal, iron, copper, silver, uranium, etc. Pure animal husbandry County, grazing Tibetan sheep, semi fine wool sheep, yak, horse, etc. Qinghai Lake is rich in Huangyu. Qinghai Tibet railway runs through the whole territory, Qinghai Xinjiang highway and Huangyuan Jiayuguan highway pass through the territory, with convenient transportation.

The first batch of national agricultural sustainable development experimental demonstration zones. On September 29, 2018, the people's Government of Qinghai Province approved and issued an announcement to withdraw Gangcha county from the poverty-stricken county, which was toppled by the 2017 annual plan.

In July 2020, the National Patriotic Health Association confirmed Gangcha County as the national health county in 2019.

Evolution of organizational system

It was a place of Qiang Nationality in ancient times. From the Western Han Dynasty to the third year of Yongzheng (1725) of the Qing Dynasty, it belonged to Xihai County, where Si, Tubo and other places were the Marshal's mansion of Xuanwei Shi Si Du, hundong Baihu, the pastureland of the Eastern Mongolian tribes, and the 29 banners of five Mongolian tribes.

In the sixth year of the Republic of China (1917), it was the director of Dulan, and it was "Gangcha Qianhu district" until the eve of liberation.

In 1950, Gangcha District People's Administrative Committee was established. Gangcha District Working Committee was established in 1952. Gangcha county was established in 1953.

By the end of 1999, Gangcha county had an area of 9110 square kilometers and a population of 39159 (according to Qinghai Provincial Records), with jurisdiction over five townships.

According to the fifth census in 2000, the total population of Gangcha county is 39223, including 5145 in Shaliuhe Township, 8125 in halgai Township, 5438 in yikewulan Township, 5564 in Quanji Township, 3209 in jilmeng Township, 5174 in Chengguan Town, 2705 in Qinghai hot water coal mine, 1597 in Qinghai Lake farm and 2266 in Sanjiaocheng sheep farm.

On March 5, 2001, Qinghai provincial government issued the reply of qingzhenghan No.15 document: abolishing Shaliuhe Township and establishing Shaliuhe town. At the end of 2001, Gangcha county had one town, four townships and 31 Village (animal husbandry) committees.

In July 2004, halgai township was abolished and Reshui town was established. In August 2006, hot water town was renamed as khargai town. After the adjustment, Gangcha county has jurisdiction over two towns and three townships: Shaliuhe Town, Reshui Town, yikewulan Township, Quanji Township and jilmeng township.

administrative division

As of 2012, Gangcha county has jurisdiction over 3 townships, 2 towns, 1 farm, 31 administrative villages, 99 production cooperatives and 1 residents' committee, and each township farm is khargai Town, Shaliuhe Town, yikewulan Township, Quanji Township, jilmeng Township and Huangyu farm.

natural environment

Location context

Gangcha county is located in the northeast of Qinghai Province, the southwest of Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and the Hubei coast of Qinghai Province. It is between 99 ° 20 ′ 44 ″ - 100 ° 37 ′ 24 ″ E and 36 ° 58 ′ 06 ″ - 38 ° 04 ′ 04 ″ n. It is adjacent to Haiyan County across the haergai River in the East, Tianjun County of the Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the west, Gonghe County of Hainan Province across the Buha River in the south, and Qilian County across the Datong River in the north. The county is 113.8 km long from east to west and 122.2 km wide from north to south. The total land area of the county is 8138.07 square kilometers, accounting for 1.13% of the total area of Qinghai Province and 23.8% of the land area of Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. The county is 188 kilometers away from Xining City, the provincial capital, and 88 kilometers away from Xihai Town, the state capital.

topographic features

Gangcha county is located in the north of Qinghai Lake Basin and datongshan section in the middle of Qilian Mountains. The mountains in the territory tend to the northwest, with continuous high mountains in the north and low and gentle in the south. The altitude of most areas is above 3300-3800 meters. The highest point is 4775 meters, which is located at the peak of sangsiza, and the lowest point is 3195 meters. It is located at the entrance of Shaliu River (ikulan River), bahaulan River (wuhaalan River), khargai River and Buha River in the lakeside zone of Qinghai Lake, with an altitude difference of 1580 meters. The mountains, hills and plains are arranged in the north, middle and south. Datong mountain is in the north, hilly in the middle and plain in the south. Datong mountain traverses the northern part of the county, and the county is divided into two areas in the east-west direction by sangsiza mountain and zanbao Huaxiu ridge: the outflow area of Huangshui water system in the Yellow River Basin in the north and the inflow area of inland water system around Qinghai Lake in the south. The county is divided into three types of landforms: hilly landforms, hilly landforms, plain landforms.

climate

Gangcha county has a typical plateau continental climate with long sunshine duration and large temperature difference between day and night. The annual precipitation is 370.5 mm and the annual evaporation is 1500.6-1847.8 mm. It is cold in winter and cool in summer and autumn. The average temperature in January is - 17.5 ℃, the average temperature in July is 11 ℃, and the average annual temperature is - 0.6 ℃. In the north of the county, there are continuous mountains, while in the south, there is a broad area. Datong mountain is in the north, hilly in the middle and plain in the south. The average altitude is 3300.5 meters, and most of the areas are above 3500 meters. The highest altitude is 4775 meters, which is located in the western part of the county. The lowest altitude is 3195 meters, which is located in the lakeside area of Qinghai Lake in the south of the county. When traveling, you should pay attention to altitude reaction, take oxygen carrying tablets, and quickly resist high altitude reaction.

hydrology

The surface water in Gangcha county is rich and evenly distributed. The annual average runoff is 81 million cubic meters. There are two major water systems: Huangshui water system in the Yellow River Basin and inland water system around Qinghai Lake. The Huangshui River System in the Yellow River basin includes: Datong River, which originates from the east foot of Moli mountain in shulenan mountain in the northeast of Tianjun County, and cuoga'ergongka, which runs across the north of the county and is the boundary river of Gangcha and Qilian counties. The territory is 90 km long, with a drop of 228 meters and a catchment area of 2282 square kilometers. The annual runoff is 548 million cubic meters and the runoff depth is 174.8 mm.

The inland water system around Qinghai Lake is Buha River, which originates from ganggelixiao Heli ice peak in shulenan mountain of Tianjun county and flows into Qinghai Lake from northwest to Southeast. The headwater is 4513 meters above sea level, the estuary is 3195 meters above sea level, and the drop is 1318 meters. It is the largest river in the water system around Qinghai Lake, with a drainage area of 14337 square kilometers and a total length of 286 kilometers. Most of it is 218 kilometers long in Tianjun County. The downstream is 68 kilometers away from Gangcha and Tianjun counties. The left and right banks near the estuary belong to Gangcha and Gonghe counties. The gilmon river is a tributary of the lower Buha River. Located in Gangcha County, there is a section about 15 kilometers long at the turning point of the middle and lower reaches of the river, which is the boundary river of Gangcha and Tianjun counties. Bahaulan River, also known as wuhaalan River, is also known as Quanji river. Located in Gangcha County, it originates from erdegongma, with an altitude of 4308 meters. The river runs from north to South with a length of 65 km, a drainage area of 567 square km, 21 tributaries and a dendritic water system. The estuary is 3195m above sea level and 1113m below sea level, with an average gradient of 17 ‰. The river flows into Qinghai Lake in two streams. The annual average flow is 0.75 m3 / s, and the annual runoff is 55 million m3. The flood season is from June to September every year, and the freezing period is about five months. Originated in Datong shankeseniha. Halgai River, also known as halgai canal, hashk River, harigen River and halji river. It originated in the southwest of zanbaohua Xiushan and the northwest of taibuxi mountain in the north of the county. There are three major tributaries of khargai River: qingdama River, Chala River and qaidar river.

natural resources

climatic resources

The annual sunshine hours in Gangcha county are 3037 hours, the sunshine percentage is 68%, and the average sunshine hours from May to September are more than 14 hours, which belongs to the long sunshine area, and the average sunshine hours in Gangcha county are 8 hours.

The annual average wind speed in Gangcha county is 3.7 m / S; the monthly average wind speed is 3.2-4.3 M / s, and the maximum wind speed is 30 m / s. The number of days with strong wind in a year is 47 days, and the maximum is 78 days. There are abundant solar energy and wind energy resources.

Hydropower resources

Gangcha county has an annual runoff of 1.981 billion cubic meters and a hydropower resource reserve of 287000 kilowatts. It can build hydropower stations.

water resource

There is Qinghai Lake in Gangcha County, with an area of 4473 square kilometers and a water capacity of 85 billion cubic meters. Taking sangsiza mountain and zanbaohuaxiu ridge as the internal and external watershed dividing line, the north is the outflow area of Huangshui water system in the Yellow River Basin, with Datong River, Jiangcang River, kekesai River and other rivers; the south is the inner flow area of inland water system around Qinghai Lake, with halgai River, Shaliu River, wuhaalan River, jilmeng River, Buha River and other rivers. The groundwater reserves in the territory are 11 billion cubic meters, and the annual runoff is 1.303 billion cubic meters. The water quality is good, and it has exploitation and utilization value. Natural mineral water with large flow and high quality is rare in China.

Biological resources

There are more than 20 kinds of animal resources in Gangcha County, such as Przewalski gazelle, white lipped deer, red deer, brown bear, snow leopard, argali, etc., with more than 20000 heads. The world-famous bird island of Qinghai Lake has 163 species, including bantouyan, black necked Crane, brown Headed Gull and swan, with more than 100000 birds. Qinghai Lake is rich in gymnocyprinus carpio, commonly known as Huangyu. Economic medicine

Chinese PinYin : Qing Hai Sheng Hai Bei Cang Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Gang Cha Xian