Jinghong City, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province

Jinghong Jinghong City, belonging to Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province, is located in the south end of Yunnan Province and the middle of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture. Jinghong connects Pu'er City in the north, Jiangcheng County of Pu'er City in the northeast, Mengla County of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in the East, Menghai County of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in the west, and Myanmar in the south. Its border line is 112.39 km long, with a total area of 6867 square kilometers There are 2 streets, 5 towns and 5 townships.

Jinghong is the political, economic and cultural center of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture. It has a subtropical monsoon climate. The forest coverage rate is 85.04%, and the urban green space coverage rate is 48.96%. Lancang Mekong river runs through the whole territory, and is an important port city for China to enter Southeast Asian countries and foreign exchanges. The Yunnan provincial government has designated Jinghong as the central city to participate in the international cooperation economic zone plan of China, Thailand, Myanmar and Laos Lancang Mekong subregion. For China's excellent tourism city, national garden city.

In 2019, Jinghong's GDP will reach 29.483 billion yuan, an increase of 10.3% over 2018. Top 100 counties and cities in Western China in 2019. On November 15, 2019, it was awarded the title of "National Forest City". China's top 100 summer leisure counties and cities in 2020.

Historical division

Jinghong, which means "city of dawn" in Dai language, was called "Mengji" and "Jinglong" in ancient times, and "Cheri" and "Cheli" in old times.

Before the first century A.D., today's jinghongdi is a dependency of the ancient Dai alliance state "mengdaguang" (Chinese translation of "Ailao state").

In 69 ad, "mengdaguang" (Ailao state) was attached to the Han Dynasty, and Yongchang County was set up in it, which was jointly managed by the Han Dynasty's sheriff and "zhaodaguang" (Ailao king); in 76 ad, "zhaodaguang" (Ailao king) had conflicts with the Han Dynasty's sheriff, and fought against the Han Dynasty. The Han Army and "mengdaguang" army fought fiercely for many times, and some Dai ancestors moved to "mengdaguang" (Yongchang County) to avoid the war In the southern part of Jinghong County, there are various barbarian tribes living in different places.

In 299 ad, the Dai people in Buwei county (Longyang, Shidian, Changning, etc.) of Yongchang County under the jurisdiction of Jin Dynasty started to fight against Jin Dynasty. Yongchang County was moved from Buwei county to Yongshou county (zhenkang, Yongde, Gengma, Cangyuan, etc.) and Nanfu county (Ximeng, Lancang, Menglian, Menghai, Jinghong, etc.) was set up in the south of Yongshou county. Jinghong is located in the west of Lancang River Nanfu County, Chang Prefecture.

In 420 ad, the Eastern Jin Dynasty perished, and then the Song Dynasty (Southern Dynasty), Qi Dynasty (Southern Dynasty), Liang Dynasty (Southern Dynasty) and other Chinese inland dynasties gradually withdrew from the Yunnan Plateau. After Chen Dynasty (Southern Dynasty) replaced Liang Dynasty (Southern Dynasty), the Chinese inland Dynasties completely abandoned the Yunnan Plateau; today's Dai ancestors in jinghongdi took "Meng" (basin) as a unit and formed independent small states.

In 738, the Dai people of mengshe (Weishan basin) came to the Erhai Basin and established the regime of mengshelong (Nanzhao state in Chinese translation); in 765, mengshelong (Nanzhao state) set up yinshengjiedu in Menggu and governed Menggu and its south area; now Jinghong belongs to yinshengjiedu mangnaidao.

In 902, the power of mengshelong (Nanzhao state) was usurped by the powerful officials of Han nationality. The defeated Dai nobles of mengshelong were forced to move out of Erhai Basin with their families and slaves. Some of them moved to the south of mengshelong through mengshe and Menggu. The Dai population in Jinghong has increased.

In 937 ad, Duan Siping, the former "mengshelong" (Nanzhao state) Tonghai Jiedu envoy, entered the Erhai Basin to build Dali state. Yinsheng Jiedu was set up in Menggu along the old system of "mengshelong"; in 1096 ad, Dali state abandoned Jiedu, Dudu and other military areas, and adjusted them into eight prefectures, four prefectures and four towns; now Jinghong belongs to Yinsheng Jiedu first, and then to Weichu Prefecture.

In 1180 A.D., the leader of Dai nationality in Menggu, Zhaozhen, belonged to the mon Khmer forces who drove the people from south to north, unified the Dai Nationality under the control of the mon Khmer forces, and formed the alliance state "Meng" (translated as "Jinglong state" in Chinese); in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, "Meng" (Jinglong state) respected Dali as "Meng Huoxiang" (the state of gems) and called itself "Meng huohan" (the kingdom of gold), which gradually alienated Dali in the later period; today, jinghongdi is the ruling center of "Mengji" (Jinglong Kingdom).

In 1292 A.D., the Yuan Dynasty destroyed "Mengji" (Jinglong state) on the way to "Mengyong" (Chinese translation of "800 daughter-in-law state" or "Lanna state)"; in 1296 A.D., Yunnan and other provinces in the Yuan Dynasty set up Cheli military and civilian general office in "Mengji"; now Jinghong belongs to Cheli military and civilian general office.

In 1382, Mengzhe (Jinglong state) was subordinated to the Ming Dynasty, and Cheli military and civilian government was set up there. In 1384, Cheli military and civilian government was changed into Cheli military and civilian Xuanwei department. Today, Jinghong land belongs to Cheli military and civilian Xuanwei department.

In 1570 ad, Zhao yingmeng, the Xuanwei envoy of the military and civilian Xuanwei department in Cheli, divided the area under his jurisdiction into 12 "Banna" (blocks); today, "Jinglong" and "Menghan" in jinghongdi are one "Banna", "Menglong" are one "Banna", "Mengling" and "mengwang" are one "Banna".

In 1659, the Qing army conquered Yunnan and still set up the chariot xuanweisi. Today, the three banners in jinghongjing belong to the chariot xuanweisi.

In 1913, Pu'er road of the government of the Republic of China set up the General Administration of pu'si along the border under the jurisdiction of Che Li Xuanwei department, which divided into eight district administrative bureaus to govern the area together with Dai officials of Che Li Xuanwei department. Today, there are three district administrative bureaus in jinghongjing, including the first district administrative bureau in Che Li (which governs the middle of Jinghong City), the Fourth District Administrative Bureau in Menglong (which governs the south of Jinghong City) and the seventh district in Puwen The administrative bureau (now under the jurisdiction of Jinghong City North).

In 1925, the General Administration of border areas in Pusi was reorganized into the supervision office of border areas in Pusi, which was divided into eight branch offices of border areas in Pusi, and managed the local areas together with Dai officials of Xuanwei department in Cheli. Today, there are two branch offices of border areas in jinghongjing, the first branch in Cheli (which governs the central and southern part of Jinghong City today) and the seventh branch in Puwen (which governs the northern part of Jinghong City today).

In 1927, the eight district branch offices of the pursi border governor's office were changed into seven counties and one administrative region to govern the area together with the Dai officials of the Cheli Xuanwei department; the first district branch office of the present Jinghong border was changed into Cheli county (which governs the central and southern part of the present Jinghong City), and the seventh district branch office was changed into Puwen county (which governs the north part of the present Jinghong City).

In 1929, Pu'er road and its subordinate pu'si zhuangbian supervision office were abolished, and the second zhuangbian Supervision Office of Yunnan Province was established. The Han Liuguan who were sent by pu'si zhuangbian supervision office to Che Li xuanweisi were transferred to the second zhuangbian Supervision Office of Yunnan Province. Now Che Li county and pu'wen County in Jinghong are jointly managed by Han Liuguan and Dai local officials.

In 1933, Puwen county was merged into Simao County, and the influence of Han officials increased, while that of Dai officials decreased. In 1938, the second colonial border Supervision Office of Yunnan Province was abolished, and the Yunnan provincial government sent administrative inspectors to manage the counties, while Cheli county was still under the joint governance of Han officials and Dai officials.

In 1950, the Chinese people's Liberation Army entered the Department of propaganda and consolation in Cheli, and the people's government was established in Cheli County in jinghongjing.

In 1953, Cheli County, Zhenyue County, Fohai County, Nanqiao County, menga district and mengxiang District of Ningjiang County, Puwen District of Simao County, zhengnuo District of Liushun County, and Zhengdong township of Kangping District of Jiangcheng County were incorporated into the newly established Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Region. Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Region readjusted its jurisdiction to 12 county-level Banna. Today, Jinghong is Jinghong (former Che county) In the west part of Lancangjiang River, qiancheli County, Banna Mengyang (Mengyang District, qiancheli County, zhengnuo District, Liushun county), Banna mengwang (Puwen District, qiansimao County, Xiangming District, Zhenyue County, Zhengdong Township, Kangping District, Jiangcheng County), Banna Menglong (Menglong District, qiancheli county).

In 1957, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture (formerly Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Region) merged its 12 banners into five banners, and today's Jinghong is Banna Jinghong (formerly Banna Jinghong, Banna Mengyang, Banna Menglong and Banna mengwang).

In 1958, Banna Jinghong was changed to Jinghong county.

In 1993, Jinghong county was changed into county-level Jinghong City.

administrative division

In 2019, the city governs 5 towns, 5 townships, 2 sub district offices, 6 farm management committees and 1 state farm, namely: Menglong Town, GASA Town, Menghan Town, Puwen Town, Mengyang Town, mengwang Township, Jinuo mountain Jinuo Township, Jingna Township, jinghahani Township, dadugang Township, Yunjinghong sub district office, Jiangbei sub district office, Jinghong Farm Management Committee and Dongfeng Farm Management Committee There are 85 villagers' committees, 20 residents' committees and 768 natural villages. The farm management committee has 37 branches and 446 production teams. There are national port of Lancang River, Jinghong port, GASA International Airport, provincial tourist resort, Xishuangbanna tourist resort, Menglong port economic zone and Jinghong Industrial Park. There are four central and provincial scientific research institutions, including Yunnan primate center of Chinese experimental animals, Yunnan branch of Institute of medicinal plant resources development of Chinese Medical College, Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crop Science, and Puwen forest farm of Yunnan Academy of forestry. The leading industries are agriculture and tourism, which is a typical mountainous agricultural city.

geographical environment

Location context

Jinghong is located in the south of Yunnan Province and the middle of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, 560 kilometers away from Kunming, the provincial capital. It is the political, economic and cultural center of the prefecture. It is located at 100 ° 25 ′ ~ 101 ° 31 ′ E and 21 ° 27 ′ n~

Chinese PinYin : Yun Nan Sheng Xi Shuang Ban Na Dai Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Jing Hong Shi