Maguan County, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province

Maguan County Maguan County is a county under the jurisdiction of Wenshan Prefecture. It is a county integrating frontier, ethnic, poverty and mountainous areas. In 1913, it was renamed because it had the same name as Anping County in Guizhou Province.

Maguan County is located in the southeast of Yunnan Province. It is connected with Malipo County in the East and Xichou County across the Panlong River. It borders Laojie and Hejiang counties in Vietnam in the south, Qingmen, Xinma street, huangbarki and mengkang counties in Vietnam in the south, Hekou and Pingbian counties in Honghe Prefecture in the southwest and Wenshan city in the north.

As of 2017, Maguan County has a land area of 2676 square kilometers (in 2019), under the jurisdiction of 9 towns, 4 townships and 1 farm, with a border line of 138 kilometers; the permanent resident population is 379600, including 11 ethnic minorities with a population of 190900, accounting for 49.8% of the total population.

On September 25, 2018, it won the honorary title of "2018 e-commerce into rural comprehensive demonstration county" of the Ministry of Commerce.

On May 17, 2020, it will officially withdraw from the poverty-stricken counties.

Historical evolution

In Maguan County, Paleolithic people lived here.

In the sixth year of Yuanding (111 BC) in the Western Han Dynasty, Maguan belonged to Jinsang County in Yizhou County; in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it belonged to Jincheng county.

In March of the third year of Jianxing (225 A.D.) of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms, it belongs to Jincheng County of Xinggu Prefecture.

Yongjia four years of the Western Jin Dynasty (310 years), is ningzhou Liangshui County Xinfeng County. In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, it belonged to the land of Xi'an (Baiman).

The Sui Dynasty belonged to kunzhou.

In the early Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Langzhou Prefecture of Nanning Prefecture; in Nanzhao period, it belonged to Liaozi Department of Tonghai Prefecture.

In the early Song Dynasty, Dali belonged to Yibu, the governor of Tonghai, and in the late Song Dynasty, it belonged to yinijia, the most peaceful town.

In the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1271), it belonged to the abowan family in the South Road General's office, and the Chiqian family; in the thirteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty, it belonged to the Department of yinika in Lin'an road.

In the Ming Dynasty, it belonged to the Chief Secretary of bazhai, the chief minister of Yunnan in Zhili, and then to the three ministers of education in amizhou of Lin'an Prefecture.

In 1667, Maguan belonged to Kaihua Prefecture; in September 1728, Maguan was set up; in 1730, Magai Tongzhi was set up to deal with foreign affairs; in 1820, Anping hall was set up to change Mabai Tongzhi to Anping Fuyi Tongzhi; in 1887, China and France sent officials to the Sino Vietnamese border to survey the border In 1911, under the influence of the revolution of 1911 and the "Double Ninth" uprising in Kunming, anpingting set up its flag in response to the national revolution.

In 1913, the Department was changed to a county, first under the jurisdiction of Mengzi Dao, and then under the jurisdiction of the second administrative supervision district of Yunnan Province; in November 1948, the people's democratic regime was established, under the jurisdiction of Wenshan District of Yunnan Province.

In April 1958, after the establishment of Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, it belonged to Wenshan Prefecture of Yunnan Province.

administrative division

As of 2017, Maguan County has 9 towns, 4 townships, 1 farm, 124 villager committees (communities) and 1995 villager groups.

The towns are: Mabai Town, Pojiao Town, bazhai Town, Renhe Town, Muchang Town, jiahanqing Town, Xiaobazi Town, Dulong Town, Jinchang Town, Nanlao Town, Dalishu Town, miechang town and Gulinqing town.

geographical environment

Location context

Maguan County is located in the southeast of Yunnan Province, in the south of Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, between 22 ° 42 ′ - 23 ° 15 ′ N and 103 ° 52 ′ - 104 ° 39 ′ E. It is connected with Malipo County in the East, Vietnam in the south, Hekou and Pingbian counties in Honghe Prefecture in the southwest, Wenshan County in the north and Xichou County across Panlong River in the East. The maximum horizontal distance from east to west is 79 km, the maximum vertical distance from north to south is 61 km, and the minimum vertical distance is 24.7 km.

Geology and geomorphology

Maguan County belongs to the Yunnan Guangxi platform syncline structure in the western part of South China platform. It is located in the southern end of Guizhou Guangxi platform and in the uplift part. The main exposed geology includes Cambrian, Ordovician, Devonian, tertiary, Quaternary, Carboniferous, Permian and Mesozoic strata. The Indosinian Yanshanian granite is well developed, the metamorphic rocks are widely distributed, and the structure is mainly NE trending faults and eclogites. Magmatic rocks are well developed, including acidic rocks and basic rocks.

Maguan County is located in the southern edge of Karst Plateau in Southeast Yunnan. It is a landform of limestone mountain and canyon. In the area of gentle fluctuation of the mountain, there are tall stone peak forest, deep dissolution depression and dissolution basin, no more than Bazi. The area of mountain and narrow valley accounts for 87.7% of the total area of the county, and the area of Hilly Basin accounts for 12.3%. The county can be roughly divided into middle cut low mountain valley area and middle mountain gentle slope area There are five geomorphic units, i.e. middle mountain area, warm and cool mountain area, karst mountain area and Hilly Basin area.

climate

The climate types in Maguan County are across north tropics, south subtropics, middle subtropics and North subtropics. The low dam Valley is hot, the middle and shallow hills are warm, the high mountains are warm and cool, there are no severe cold in winter, no severe heat in summer, and clear dry and rainy seasons. The annual average temperature is 16.9 ℃, the annual average rainfall is 1345 mm, the annual sunshine hours is 1804 hours, and the frost free period is more than 300 days.

River system

The rivers in Maguan County belong to the Lujiang River system of the Red River Basin. There are 42 rivers, including Panlong River, Ziguo River, Xiangshui River, Xiaobai River, Nanpu River, Nanbei River, Nanjiang River and dananxi river.

natural resources

land resource

As of 2012, Maguan County has a land area of 2676 square kilometers, of which Zhongshan and Canyon type land account for 87.7% of the total land area, and basin and wide valley type land account for 12.3% of the total land area. In 2002, there were 443600 mu of cultivated land, including 102000 mu of farmland and 342000 mu of land. There are 9 types and 27 soil species of Latosol, lateritic red soil, red soil, yellow soil, yellow brown soil, brown soil, dark brown soil, calcareous soil and paddy soil.

mineral resources

As of 2017, there are 47 kinds of minerals in 11 categories, such as indium, tin, zinc, copper, lead, tungsten, etc. in Maguan County, mineral resources are distributed in 13 townships of the county, among which Dulong, Nanlao, Mabai and other three townships have relatively concentrated mineral resources. The total mining area of the county is 621.0968 square kilometers, and more than 290 ore producing areas (including limestone for building stone) have been found, including large deposits There are 2 middle-sized deposits, 3 small-sized deposits, and 252 mineralization points. In addition, it is also rich in gallium, germanium, cadmium and other rare metal elements.

Biological resources

By 1990, langurs were listed as the first-class national protection in Maguan County; macaques, macaques, capuchin deer, musk deer, pangolins, red bellied Tragopan, muntjac, otter, marmot, big Ling cat, little Ling cat, gazelle, rock sheep, Silver Pheasant, golden pheasant and python were listed as the second-class national protection. In addition, there are hundreds of animals, such as mammals, birds, aquatic animals, snakes and insects.

There are 1465 species of wild plants, mainly alpine plants, Taiwania floss, China's ferns, Yunnan camellia, wild tea trees, three Castanopsis fir, Wutong, umbrella trees, clams, Yunnan Indus, Fujian cypress, Nanshan pine, Phoebe nanmu, Liriodendron chinense, litchi, sweet Anthus, medicinal wild rice, common wild rice, longan, Rhododendron, Rhododendron, horsetail, sightseeing wood, Yunnan chestnut tree, long Damulan, and big fruit. Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Magnolia grandiflora, Mangifera Mangifera, Manglietia Manglietia, Manglietia Manglietia, Michelia micrantha, Dryopteris, Manglietia yunnanensis, Ailanthus altissima, etc.

Hydropower resources

As of 2017, the runoff of rivers in Maguan County is 2.51 billion cubic meters, and the flow of natural groundwater resources is 650 million cubic meters. The theoretical reserve of river water energy in the territory is 650000 kW, and 220000 kW has been developed and utilized.

There are 15 reservoirs in the county, including 2 medium-sized reservoirs, 2 small (I) reservoirs, 11 small (II) reservoirs and 158 small dam ponds. The total effective irrigation area is 124000 mu, the actual irrigation area is 91000 mu, and the degree of water conservancy reaches 30.6%.

Population nationality

population

By the end of 2017, the total population of Maguan County was 383100, a year-on-year increase of 0.9%. The agricultural population was 328600, with a year-on-year increase of 1.6%; the minority population was 190900, accounting for 49.8% of the total population, with a year-on-year increase of 1.1%. At the end of the year, there were 379600 permanent residents, an increase of 0.4%. Among them, the urban population was 170100, a year-on-year increase of 4.2%; the rural population was 209500, a year-on-year decrease of 2.4%. The birth rate was 13.73 ‰, the death rate was 6.51 ‰, and the natural growth rate was 7.22 ‰.

nation

As of 2010, the Han population in Maguan County was 181133, accounting for 49.29% of the total population; the minority population was 186374, accounting for 50.71% of the total population. Among them, the Zhuang population is 56305, the Miao population is 80950, the Yi population is 30970, the Dai population is 6812, and the Buyi population is 6509.

Economics

overview

In 2017, the Gross Regional Product of Maguan County was 8644.26 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 10.3%. By industry, the added value of the primary industry was 1886.35 million yuan, an increase of 6.0% year on year; the added value of the secondary industry was 345.66 million yuan, an increase of 14.0% year on year; the added value of the tertiary industry was 330.31 million yuan, an increase of 8.6% year on year. According to the resident population, the annual per capita GDP was 22820 yuan, up 9.9% year on year. On May 17, 2020, it will officially withdraw from the poverty-stricken counties.

primary industry

In 2017, Maguan County achieved the goal of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery

Chinese PinYin : Yun Nan Sheng Wen Shan Zhuang Zu Miao Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Ma Guan Xian