Wenshan City, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province

Wenshan City, the prefecture level administrative capital of Wenshan Autonomous Prefecture, is located in the southeast of Yunnan Province, in the west of Wenshan Prefecture, in the northeast of Yanshan County, in the south of Maguan County, in the southeast of Xichou County, in the west of Mengzi city of Honghe Prefecture, and across a river from Pingbian County. It is the seat of Wenshan state party committee and government, and the political, economic and cultural information center of Wenshan Prefecture.

With an area of 2977 square kilometers, Wenshan City governs 7 townships, 7 towns, 3 streets and 139 Village Committees (communities). There are more than 10 ethnic groups, including Han, Zhuang, Miao, Yi, Hui and Dai. In 2018, the city's permanent population was 503500. Wenshan Panax notoginseng, the treasure of traditional Chinese medicine, is famous all over the world and is rated as the "hometown of Panax notoginseng in China".

Wenshan Specialty: Pu'er tea, Xichou Yanghe, Qiubei pepper, Wenshan TAPI pear, Guangnan babaomi, etc.

In December 2018, Wenshan city was selected as one of the top 100 county economic investment potential cities in China. Top 100 counties and cities in Western China in 2019. On May 17, 2020, it will officially withdraw from the poverty-stricken counties.

Historical evolution

Wenshan city has been inhabited for more than 2000 years. In 111 BC, when the Western Han Dynasty set up the county, it had been included in the county and was under the jurisdiction of Sanger county. In the second year of Yuanfeng (109 BC) of the Western Han Dynasty, when another Ben Gu County was set up, the western part of the county belonged to Ben Gu County. The southeast is Mengdu county and Jinsang county. The name of the county is derived from the two hexagrams of "Ben" and "Da Zhu" in the book of changes, that is, "take all ben to get the source of the text, take Da Zhu to know the solid of the mountain".

In 1730, the eighth year of the reign of Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty, Kaihua Tongtan was ruled out, and Wenshan County was set up, which belongs to Kaihua Prefecture. Kaihua, Yongping, Annan, Wangnong, Dong'an, Lelong, Fengchun and Jiangna Bali were set up by Kaihua Prefecture. Later, they were divided into nine Li from Lelong, with Jia and Pai under them, all belonging to the former Sanchang court.

In 1820, mabaitongzhi was changed to Anping hall, which was in charge of Fengchun, Yongping and Dong'an Sanli, and Wenshan County Liuli. In 1912, the county office was established, and in 1913, Jingbian administrative region was set up. In 1914, it was renamed Wenshan County.

On December 2, 2010, with the approval of the State Council, it was decided to abolish Wenshan County and establish Wenshan city. After the withdrawal of the county into a city, the original administrative scope of Wenshan county is the administrative region of Wenshan City, and its subordinate relationship remains unchanged.

administrative division

In 2012, with the approval of Yunnan Province and Wenshan Prefecture, Kaihua town of Wenshan city was abolished and three streets of Kaihua, Wolong and Xinping were established: < ol > < li > Kaihua Street governs 11 communities, namely Beiqiao, Liangzi, Zhenhua, Xinglong, Luofeng, Shaba, Daxing, Xishan, Yongtong, Tongchang and Ganhe; < li > < li > Wolong Street governs 11 communities, namely Gaodeng, Panzhihua, Wolong, Wenxin street, Qihua, Baishapo and tangzizhai Xinping street has jurisdiction over five communities: Hongqi, xinpingba, libuga, Misha and Gaomo. In June 2014, Wenshan City governs three sub district offices, seven towns and seven townships (including five ethnic townships): Kaihua street, Wolong street, Xinping street, Gumu Town, Pingba Town, Matang Town, Dehou Town, Xiaojie Town, Zhuilijie Town, Bozhu Town, Xinjie Township, Xigu Township, Dongshan Yi Township, Liujing Yi Township, Bazin Yi Township, Binglie Yi Township and Hongdian Hui Township.

geographical environment

Location context

Wenshan city is located in the southeast of Yunnan Province, between 103 ° 43 ′ - 104 ° 27 ′ E and 23 ° 06 ′ - 23 ° 44 ′ n, bordering Yanshan County in the northeast, Maguan County in the south, Xichou County in the southeast, Mengzi city in Honghe Prefecture in the west, and Yihe River (Naguo River) in Pingbian County. The city spans 63 kilometers from east to west and 66 kilometers from north to south, with a total area of 2977.19 square kilometers.

topographic features

Wenshan city is a karst mountainous area in Southeast Yunnan, with complex terrain and prominent karst landform. The overall terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, with rolling mountains and crisscross valleys and gullies. In the west, there are Bozhu mountain, Lianyun mountain, Huayu mountain and Laojun Mountain, with a slope of more than 25 degrees. The ground elevation is about 1250 meters, the peak elevation is more than 1500 meters, and the altitude of Bozhushan is 2991.2 meters. It is the highest peak in Southeast Yunnan. The peak is located in the southwest of Yunnan. In the southwest, the lowest elevation of the confluence of the two rivers is 618 meters, which is 2373.2 meters away from the highest peak.

Wenshan city is divided into eight different types of mountain areas: Western high mountain and gorge area, western marginal middle mountain area, northern low mountain and hilly area, Eastern middle mountain area, southern middle low peak cluster area, southwest marginal steep slope and gorge area, central and southern middle mountain area, central and western middle and Northern middle low mountain area. Panlong River flows from northwest to Southeast and runs through the whole city obliquely. Along with Panlong River and its tributaries, the city forms a corridor type terrain with high on both sides and low in the middle.

Wenshan city is located in the valley basin area of 31.15 square kilometers, which is the largest basin in the city. The ratio of mountainous area to Bazi area is about 9:1.

Climate and environment

Wenshan city is located in the low latitude plateau in the southeast of Yunnan Province. It is close to Beibu Gulf in the southeast and Bengal Bay in the southwest. The steam from these two directions brings abundant rainfall. The Tropic of cancer (Tropic of cancer) runs across the city, and most of the city is in the south of Tropic of cancer, which belongs to the mid subtropical monsoon climate. In most areas, there is no severe cold in winter, no severe heat in summer, long spring and autumn, short winter and summer, and pleasant climate in four seasons. The overall climate is usually "hot and cold in a year, long rain turns into autumn; winter is as warm as spring, and winter is cold when stung". The annual average sunshine hours are 2028 hours, and the annual accumulated temperature is 6829.3 ℃. The average frost free period is 309 days. The first frost appears at the beginning of December and the last frost appears at the end of January. The average snow day is about once every 10 years. The annual average temperature is 18.4 ℃, the annual temperature difference between day and night is 11.7 ℃, the average relative humidity is 75%, the annual average rainfall is 1187.8 mm, and the annual rainfall is about 2.8 billion cubic meters.

natural resources

mineral resources

By the end of 2010, more than 50 kinds of minerals have been found in Wenshan City, including gold, silver, manganese, bauxite, tungsten, iron, copper, lead, zinc, decorative stone and common building stone. There are more than 130 main ore deposits. The main proven minerals and reserves are: 11.2522 million tons of coal, 2.42 million tons of manganese ore, 57900 tons of zinc, 9200 tons of tin, 44900 tons of tungsten, 34200 tons of lead and 31.06 million tons of bauxite There are 13 kinds of minerals which have been listed in the summary table of mineral resources reserves of Yunnan Province.

The main solid mineral reserves in the city are aluminum, tungsten, arsenic, gallium and manganese. Advantages and main minerals are: lead, zinc, tungsten, manganese, bauxite, limestone.

By the end of 2010, there are 13 kinds of minerals being mined in Wenshan City, including lead, zinc, tungsten, manganese, bauxite, coal and limestone. Around Laojunshan Nature Reserve, there are 16 mineral rights. Through preliminary exploration, 8 kinds of minerals have been found. The proven reserves are: 57900 tons of zinc, 9200 tons of tin, 1000 tons of silver, 44900 tons of tungsten, 34200 tons of lead, 0.1 tons of gold (metal tons), 17446500 tons of iron ore and 68300 tons of arsenic, with a potential value of about 30 billion yuan. In addition to lead, zinc, tungsten, silver, coal, manganese, iron, bauxite, facing stone, limestone and other minerals with a certain mining scale, the rest of the minerals are yet to be developed.

Hydropower resources

The rivers in Wenshan city mainly belong to the Lujiang River system of the Red River Basin, and the main rivers for hydropower development are Panlong River and Ziguo river. The city consists of 2 main rivers, 5 primary tributaries, 10 secondary tributaries, 75 streams and 78 small streams, forming river valleys and hilly water network areas in the north, West, central and Southeast. The total runoff area is 2959 square kilometers, the annual self-produced water resources is 1.348 billion cubic meters, the available amount is 809 million cubic meters, the total theoretical reserves of water energy of rivers are 158000 kW, and the exploitable amount is 95100 kW, Now 80800 kW has been developed, accounting for 84.9% of the exploitable capacity. The capacity of lakes, ponds, reservoirs and dams is 93.43 million cubic meters.

land resource

Wenshan covers an area of 2977.19 square kilometers. The total land area is 4.4658 million mu, of which agricultural land is 3.4752 million mu, accounting for 77.82%; construction land is 123500 mu, accounting for 2.77%; unused land is 867100 mu, accounting for 19.41%. Among the agricultural land, the cultivated land area is 1210300 mu (including 1009500 mu of basic farmland), 36100 mu of garden land, 1874600 mu of forest land and 354200 mu of other agricultural land; among the construction land, 106200 mu of residential land, industrial and mining land, 10300 mu of transportation land and 7000 Mu of water conservancy facilities land. The net area of cultivated land is 410349 mu, including 66053 mu of paddy field, 40078 mu of leixiang field, 261684 mu of fixed farming dry land, accounting for 63.8% of the net area of cultivated land, and 34332 mu of rotation land, accounting for 8.4% of the net area of cultivated land. The cultivated soil in the city is mainly dry land and paddy field, with a total area of 3479741 mu, including 2354427 mu of red soil, 224265 mu of yellow brown soil, 48592 mu of brown soil, 10187 mu of dark brown soil, 20231 mu of purple soil, 680649.6 mu of limestone soil,

Chinese PinYin : Yun Nan Sheng Wen Shan Zhuang Zu Miao Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Wen Shan Shi