Sandu Shui Autonomous County, Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province

Sandu Shui Autonomous County, which belongs to Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou Province, is located in the southeast of Qiannan Prefecture. It is the only Shui Autonomous County in China. It is located in the hinterland of "moon mountain and Leigong Mountain". It is adjacent to Rongjiang and Leishan in the East, Libo in the south, Dushan and Duyun in the west, Danzhai in the north, 230 km away from Guiyang, the provincial capital, with a total area of 2400 square kilometers. In 2009, the total population of the county was 314700, of which 304700 were ethnic minorities and 202400 were Shui people, accounting for 64.8% of the total population. More than 60% of the Shui people live in Sandu. National Highway 321 and Guiyang Guangzhou high-speed railway run through the county, which is one of the important passageways for southwest provinces to go south to sea, and also the most convenient passageway for Guilin, Guiyang and Kunming dazhangjiang national karst forest reserve.

On December 7, 2016, Sandu Shui Autonomous County was listed as the third batch of national new urbanization comprehensive pilot areas. On December 6, 2019, it was selected as the pilot unit of promoting the quality improvement of farmers' cooperatives in the whole county. On March 3, 2020, the people's Government of Guizhou Province agreed to withdraw Sandu Shui Autonomous County from the poverty-stricken county sequence.

At the end of 2017, the registered residence population was 372786, and realized 6 billion 729 million 290 thousand yuan of GDP.

Evolution of organizational system

In Xia Dynasty, the three capitals belonged to the southeast descendants of Liangzhou; in Shang Dynasty, they belonged to the southwest descendants of Jingzhou; in Zhou Dynasty, they belonged to Yue, the territory of lingzhuo; in Qin Dynasty, they belonged to Xiang county and Qilan County; in Han Dynasty, they belonged to Zhuo County; in Jin and Southern Dynasties, they belonged to the southeast corner of Zhuo county and the southwest corner of Wuling County; in Southern Dynasties, they belonged to the southeast corner of Zhuo county and the northwest corner of Qixi County; in Liang and Chen dynasties, they belonged to nanzhuo County; in Sui Dynasty, they belonged to Zhuo county.

In the early Tang Dynasty, the government was established in the three capitals. In the third year of Zhenguan (629), it was established in Bolan County, namely Hengfeng, tangzhou and Hejiang. Dushang County, namely Dujiang, is under the jurisdiction of Yingzhou, and its governance is in Dushang county.

In Song Dynasty (960-1279), it belonged to the southern and eastern part of Jimi Prefecture under the jurisdiction of Shaoqing Prefecture of Kuizhou Road (now Pengshui County, Sichuan Province). From the Yuan Dynasty to the June of the 26th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1289), dongchanghudai and others lived in the middle and lower part of the southwest Yi, with three hundred Dongs and 110 villages. In October of the 28th year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty (1291), Dingyun Prefecture was established on the rotten soil of Dongman. Chenmengdong was changed into chenmengzhou and Hejiang into hejiangzhou. In the first month of the 29th year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty, the civil pacification Department of the Chen Meng Lan Tu army was set up.

In the 19th year of Hongwu (1386) of Ming Dynasty, Duyun was changed into Yunan pacification division. In March of the 24th year of Hongwu, Zhang Jun was granted the title of governor of chenmeng and LANGTU in Hejiang Prefecture, and was subordinate to duyunwei. In May of the seventh year of Hongzhi (1494), the chief secretary was transferred to Dushan Prefecture, under the new Duyun Prefecture.

In July of the ninth year of Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty (1731), Dujiang office was set up, which is now Dujiang town of Sandu Shui Autonomous County, under the jurisdiction of Duyun Prefecture. In the 12th year of Yongzheng reign (1734), sanjiaotunzhoudong was set up as a rotten Tusi, which is now Sanhe, Dahe, Pu'an, Zhonghe and other towns.

In December 1913, Dujiang hall was renamed Dujiang County, and sanjiaozhoudong was renamed Sanhe county. In February 1941, Guizhou provincial government merged Dujiang and Sanhe counties and renamed them Sandu county. Sandu county established Sanhe Town and changed Dujiang County Office into district office.

Sandu was liberated on December 6, 1949, and Sandu County People's government was established on January 14, 1950. On September 11, 1956, the 37th plenary session of the State Council made a decision to abolish Sandu county and establish sandushui family Autonomous County. On December 21 of the same year, sandushui family Autonomous County was renamed sandushui Autonomous County. On January 2, 1957, Sandu Shui Autonomous County was officially established. Sanhe Town was set up as the county governance, which is subordinate to Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. The name and governance of the county have been followed up to now.

administrative division

Evolution and change

In 2013, Sandu Shui Autonomous County has jurisdiction over 10 towns: Sanhe Town, Dahe Town, fengle town, Hejiang Town, Pu'an Town, Dujiang Town, Zhonghe Town, Tingpai Town, zhouqin town and Jiuqian town; 11 townships: Jiaoli Township, Lalan Township, Dayu Township, Bajie Township, Yangfu Township, wubu Township, Shuilong Township, tangzhou Township, Sandong Township, Hengfeng Township and Yanggong township; 270 villages, 4 neighborhood committees and 2144 townships Village group.

In August 2014, 21 townships (towns) in Sandu Shui Autonomous County, including Sanhe Town, Pu'an Town, Dahe Town, fengle town, Hejiang Town, Dujiang Town, zhouqin Town, Tingpai Town, Jiuqian Town, Zhonghe Town, Jiaoli Township, Lalan Township, Shuilong Township, Dayu Township, Bajie Township, wubu Township, Yangfu Township, tangzhou Township, Sandong Township, Hengfeng Township and Yanggong Township, were abolished, and new Sanhe street and Zhonggong Township were set up He Town, zhouqin Town, Pu'an Town, Dahe Town, Dujiang town and Jiuqian town. Sanhe Street: it governs the former Sanhe Town, Lalan Township, Xiangzhai village and weizhai village of Shuilong Township, and its sub district office is located in yaorenshan community. < li > < li > Zhonghe Town: it governs the former Zhonghe Town, tangzhou Township, the former Sandong township (except Qunli Village) and the former Shuiyuan Longxiang township (except Xiangzhai village and weizhai Village), and the town people's government is stationed in Zhonghe village. < li > < li > zhouqin Town: it governs zhouqin Town, Tingpai Town, Hengfeng Township and Qunli village of former Sandong Township, and the people's Government of zhouqin town is located in Xinrong village. < li > < li > Pu'an Town: it governs the former Pu'an town and Jiaoli Township, and the town people's government is located in putun village. < li > < li > Dahe Town: it governs the original Dahe Town, fengle town and Hejiang Town, and the town people's government is located in huaisuo village. < li > < li > Dujiang Town: it governs the former Dujiang Town, Dayu Township, Bajie Township, wubu Township and Yangfu Township, and the people's Government of Dujiang town is located in Shangjiang village. < / Li > < li > Jiuqian Town: it governs the former Jiuqian town and Yanggong Township, and the people's Government of the town is located in Jiuqian village. In July 2019, Guizhou Provincial People's government agreed to set up Fengyu street in Sandu Shui Autonomous County. Fengyu Street governs Chengnan community, Jiaoxiang community, hengfengyuan community, wanhushuizhai community, yaolu village and Nanling village of Sanhe street, and the street office is located in wanhushuizhai community.

Administrative division

In August 2019, Sandu Shui Autonomous County governs two streets and six towns: Sanhe street, Fengyu street, Zhonghe Town, zhouqin Town, Pu'an Town, Dahe Town, Dujiang town and Jiuqian town.

geographical environment

Location context

Sandu Shui Autonomous County is located in the southeast of Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou Province. It is located in the hinterland of "moon mountain and Leigong Mountain". It spans 107 ° 40 ′ e to 108 ° 14 ′ N and 25 ° 30 ′ n to 26 ° 10 ′ n. It is adjacent to Rongjiang and Leishan in the East, Libo in the south, Dushan and Duyun in the west, and Danzhai in the north. It is 56 km wide from east to west and 78 km long from north to south. It is 230 km away from Guiyang, the provincial capital, and 85 km away from Duyun, the prefecture capital. The total area of the county is 2400 square kilometers.

terrain

The county is located in the southeast slope of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau. The terrain inclines from northwest to Southeast, with an average altitude of 500 to 1000 meters. The highest is GengDing mountain in the northwest, with an altitude of 1665.5 meters. The lowest is the exit of Duliu river near Bajie, with an altitude of 303 meters. In the territory, there are continuous mountains, crisscross streams, with a number of rolling hills and flat dams. In the total area, cultivated land accounts for 9.4%, forest land 55.6%, Grass Mountain 29.7% and water surface 1.3%. It is known as "nine mountains, half water and half farmland".

climate

Sandu Shui Autonomous County has long summer and short winter, clear spring and autumn, no intense heat in summer and no severe cold in winter. The climate belongs to the middle subtropical humid monsoon climate type. Due to the complex influence of topography, topography, landform and altitude, the climate of the three capitals is different in region. The whole county is divided into three climate regions: warm, warm and mild. The annual average temperature is 18.2 ℃, the average temperature in January is 7.8 ℃, the average temperature in July is 26.6 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 39.2 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is minus 3.5 ℃, and the annual total accumulated temperature is 6603.1 ℃. The territory has abundant rainfall, with an average annual rainfall of 1326.1 mm. The sunshine time is less, and the annual sunshine hours are 1131.4 hours. The frost free period is 326 days, the shortest is 275 days. The vertical variation of temperature is very obvious. Climate disasters are frequent, among which drought, rainstorm, late spring cold, autumn rain, hail, ice and other disastrous weather have a greater impact on crops.

natural resources

mineral resources

More than 20 kinds of useful minerals have been found in the territory, including copper, iron, coal, mercury, gold, antimony, sulfur, lead-zinc, phosphorus, barite, rare earth, molybdenum, vanadium, realgar, brick shale, uranium, diamond and arsenic. Copper, iron, coal, mercury, gold, antimony, sulfur, lead and zinc, phosphorus, etc. have been mined. There are more than 100 ore producing areas, mining areas and ore occurrences in the county. The mining of Hg sb Pb Zn deposit has a long history. Pyrite is famous for the pyrite deposit with the highest sulfur content in Guizhou Province. The gold reserves are about 3.83 tons, concentrated in the Miaolong area of Sanhe Town. The mining industry and smelting industry represented by antimony mine occupy a dominant position in modern industry of Sandu.

Water resources

The average annual rainfall of the county is 1349.5mm, the total rainfall is 3.31 billion cubic meters, and the runoff is 1.65 billion cubic meters. The average annual inflow of passenger water from other counties is 1.198 billion cubic meters, and the groundwater is 470 million cubic meters. The total annual inflow of the county is 3.318 billion cubic meters. The theoretical water energy of small and medium rivers in the county is 220000 kW, and the exploitable capacity is 166000 kW. In 2010, the county's hydropower installed capacity reached 16000 kilowatts, with an annual power generation of 41 million kilowatt hours.

Forest resources

The main tree species are Cunninghamia lanceolata, Pinus massoniana, Liquidambar formosana, Quercus, Castanopsis fargesii, Populus tomentosa, Ziziphus jujuba, Schima superba, Michelia, Taxus chinensis, birch, camphor, Phoebe, beech, maple, Schima superba, Carya cathayensis, Toona sinensis, red sandalwood and lacquer tree

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