Ximeng Wa Autonomous County, Pu'er City, Yunnan Province

Ximeng Wa Autonomous County Ximeng Wa Autonomous County is subordinate to Pu'er City, Yunnan Province. It is located in the wa mountain area in the southwest of Yunnan Province and the west of Simao City. It spans between 99 ° 18 ′ E and 99 ° 43 ′ N and 22 ° 25 ′ N and 22 ° 57 ′ n. it borders Lancang County in the East, northeast and Southeast, Menglian County in the south, and the Republic of Myanmar in the West and northwest. The border line is 8 meters long 33 km, 864 km from Kunming, 293 km from Simao, 40 km from east to west and 60 km from north to south, with a total area of 1353.57 square kilometers. At the end of 2016, the total population of Ximeng Wa Autonomous County was 94721, of which the wa accounted for 71.6%. It has jurisdiction over 5 towns and 2 townships, and the county people's government is located at No. 1, mengka Road, mengsuo town.

Ximeng Wa Autonomous County is located in the southern part of Nu mountain range, which belongs to the middle and high mountain gorge zone. The River belongs to Nu River system. Affected by the warm and humid air flow in the southwest of bay of Bengal, it belongs to subtropical marine monsoon climate. The River belongs to Nu River system, with 80 rivers.

The food crops in Ximeng Wa Autonomous County are mainly rice, upland rice and corn, and the main economic crops are tea, coffee, sugarcane, buckwheat, etc.; the industry has formed an industrial system of hydropower generation, mining and smelting, building materials and agricultural and sideline products processing; the tourist attractions include mengsuolongtan, muyiji Shengu, etc. At the end of 2016, Ximeng Wa Autonomous County achieved a GDP of 122294 million yuan.

On September 25, 2018, it won the honorary title of "2018 e-commerce into rural comprehensive demonstration county" of the Ministry of Commerce. On April 30, 2019, the people's Government of Yunnan Province decided to withdraw Ximeng Wa Autonomous County from the sequence of poverty-stricken counties. The list of winners of the national poverty alleviation award in 2019 was announced, and Ximeng Wa Autonomous County won the organization innovation award.

Historical evolution

The origin of the name

In the 18th year of Guangxu (1892) of the Qing Dynasty, the salt transport envoys of the Qin and Jiaqing dynasties appointed Li Tongming as the "tumu of Ximeng" in the name of buzhengtang, the Fuyi Prefecture of Zhili beside the town. There are three meanings of the name Ximeng. First of all, Ximeng is the Lahu language, "Xi" is gold, and "Meng" is the place where gold is produced. Second, the Western alliance was named after the oath of alliance. During the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, the three Buddhists, the leader of the Lahu nationality, moved Buddhism from Lancang. Under the cover of Buddhism, they appeared in the form of gods in Ximeng, a weak place under the rule of the upper Qing government. They built Buddha houses and white pagodas in the Buddha Temple mountain, and invited several thousand families of the Lahu and Lisu tribes from Nujiang, Lijiang, Lincang, Lancang, and mengbangke and mengxingwei of Myanmar. The three Buddhists called together local and foreign large groups Xiaotou led the clan to burn incense and kowtow in the Buddha's room, prayed to the God to worship the Buddha, and made a blood vow. He established the political and religious power of the clan leader with the three Buddhists as the leader, thus ruling the Western League. Li Tongming, the second of the three Buddhas, continued to use the Buddha house to make vows of alliance, and expanded his territory by force. At the same time, he held an annual tobacco party to expand his influence and consolidate his rule. His influence gradually increased, so he was named Ximeng. Third, Ximeng is a place for missionary work. The name of Ximeng is changed from the term "Xumi" in Buddhist classics. Xumi was once written as "Ximing" and later as "Ximeng". The above three statements tend to the first one.

Evolution of organizational system

In the Western Han Dynasty, Ximeng area was a dependency of the ancient Dai alliance state "mengdaguang" (Ailao state in Chinese).

In the 12th year of Yongping (69th year) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ailao state was attached to the Han Dynasty and Yongchang County was set up. Yongchang County was jointly managed by the Han Dynasty's sheriff and zhaodaguang (Ailao king). In the first year of the founding of the people's Republic of China (76th year), zhaodaguang and the Han Dynasty's sheriff had conflicts and fought against the Han Dynasty. The Han Army and mengdaguang army fought fiercely for many times, and some Dai ancestors moved to the south of Ailao state and other areas to avoid the war The tribes of the barbarians lived in different places, and now the Western League land has been further developed.

In 299, the Dai people in Buwei county (now Longyang, Shidian, Changning, etc.) of Yongchang County under the jurisdiction of Jin Dynasty started to fight against Jin Dynasty. Yongchang County was moved from Buwei county to Yongshou county (now zhenkang, Yongde, Gengma, Cangyuan, etc.), and Nanfu county (now Ximeng, Lancang, Menglian, Menghai, Jinghong, etc.) was set up in the south of Yongshou county Fu County.

In the second year of Yuanxi (420) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty perished, and then the Southern Dynasties of song, Qi and Liang gradually withdrew from the Yunnan Plateau. After Chen (Southern Dynasty) replaced Liang (Southern Dynasty), the Chinese inland dynasties completely abandoned the Yunnan Plateau. Today, the Dai ancestors in the Western League formed their own independent small states with Meng (basin) as the unit, and became the land of luohei.

In 762, Yongchang Jiedu was set up in mengzhang (Baoshan Basin) of Nanzhao state to govern the area to the west of Lancang River; now the Western League belongs to Yongchang Jiedu.

In the first year of Tianshu reign in Dali (1096), Dali abolished the military jurisdiction of Jiedu and Dudu, and adjusted them to eight prefectures, four prefectures and four towns. Today, Ximeng belongs to Yongchang Jiedu first, and then to Yongchang Prefecture.

In the third year of Tianding (1254) of Dali, after the great Mongolia destroyed Dali, it was too busy attacking the Southern Song Dynasty to take care of the remote areas of Dali. In the 26th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1289), in the Yuan Dynasty (the former great Mongolia), the Xuanfu department set up Mulian road in the southeast of Mengding road; today, the Western League belongs to Mulian road. In the first year of Tianli (1328), the Yuan Dynasty was divided into Dali, Jinchi and other places. Mulianlu and yinshaluodian were under the jurisdiction of xuanweisidu. Yinshaluodian and other places were under the jurisdiction of xuanweisidu. Today, Ximeng belongs to yinshaluodian and other places.

In 1348, mengmaolong (Luchuan state in Chinese translation), a Dai alliance state, which rose from mengmao (Ruili River valley basin), annexed Yinsha Luodian and other xuanweisi; today, the Western alliance belongs to Luchuan state. In the 15th year of Zhizheng (1355), Luchuan state was attached to the Yuan Dynasty, and its control area was set up as pingmian xuanweisi. Today, the Western League belongs to pingmian xuanweisi, which is still controlled by the leader of Luchuan state.

In the 17th year of Hongwu (1384), Luchuan state was attached to the Ming Dynasty, and its control area was set up as Luchuan pingmian xuanweisi. Today, the Western League belongs to Luchuan pingmian xuanweisi, which is still controlled by "mengmaolong". In the fourth year of Yongle (1406), Menglian was set up in xuanweisi District of Sichuan, pingmian, at the foot of the Ming Dynasty (it governs Shan state to the east of the Salween River and Lancang, Menglian, Ximeng and other places to the west of the Lancang River); now Ximeng County belongs to Menglian. In the third year of Xuande (1428), Luchuan pingmian xuanweisi broke away from the Ming Dynasty and restored Luchuan state; in the fourth year of Zhengtong (1439), Luchuan state annexed Menglian chief secretary; now Ximeng County belongs to Luchuan state.

In the sixth year of Zhengtong (1441), the seventh year of Zhengtong (1442) and the thirteenth year of Zhengtong (1448), the Ming Dynasty invaded Luchuan three times, and Menglian's chief secretary was restored. Now Ximeng County belongs to Menglian's chief secretary. After the 16th year of Zhengde (1521), Menglian was abandoned; in the 13th year of Wanli (1585), Menglian was attached to the Ming Dynasty and restored to Menglian; in the 34th year of Wanli (1606), Menglian was attached to Dongxu Dynasty; now Ximeng County is sandwiched between Ming Dynasty and Dongxu Dynasty with Menglian.

In the first year of Kangxi (1662), Menglian was attached to the Qing Dynasty, and the area under its control was set up Menglian commander's lawsuit, which was subordinate to Yongchang Prefecture. Now Ximeng County belongs to Menglian commander's lawsuit. In the 48th year of Kangxi (1709), Menglian's chief secretary was upgraded to Menglian Xuanfu secretary, which was subordinate to Yongchang Prefecture. In the 29th year of Qianlong (1764), Menglian Xuanfu division was assigned from Yongchang prefecture to shunning Prefecture; now Ximeng County is still Menglian Xuanfu division.

After the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), the Negroes in the north of Menglian xuanfusi and the south of Mengmeng Xunzi gradually broke away from the control of Dai chieftains and seized the territory of Dai chieftains by armed forces; in 1888, after the Qing Dynasty sent troops to pacify the Negroes, they separated Menglian xuanfusi's North territory from Mengmeng Xunzi's South territory and set up Zhili town frontier Fuyi hall, which was under the jurisdiction of Zhili Tongzhi from the mainland In 1891, Mengdong and Mengjiao were killed by Gengma xuanfusi and Gengma Tusi. Mengdong and Mengjiao were transferred to Zhili town by Gengma xuanfusi. In 1892, the five Buddhists of luohei revolted and Li Tongming, the "three Buddhists", was surrendered to Zhili town; In 1894, Menglian Xuanfu division was transferred from shunning prefecture to bianfuyi Hall of Zhili Town, and its subordinate generals shangyun tuba and xiayun Tuqian were directly under the jurisdiction of bianfuyi Hall of Zhili town. Now Ximeng County belongs to bianfuyi Hall of Zhili town.

In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), the government of the Republic of China cut down Zhili town and set up Zhenbian county.

In 1915, Zhenbian county was changed to Lancang County.

In 1929, Ximeng district was set up. Lancang County merged the jurisdiction of tumu and Tusi into 10 districts, and selected the more powerful tumu and Tusi as the district head. It belongs to Lancang County and Ximeng County.

In 1932, it was divided into eight districts according to the characteristics of mountains and rivers, which disrupted the jurisdiction of tumu and Tusi. Belonging to Lancang County, it is Ximeng District, and the district office is located in Mangdong.

In the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939), it was renamed Ximeng Township, under the jurisdiction of Lancang County, with more than ten baos under its jurisdiction. Ximeng baos were stationed in Ximeng.

In the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940), Lancang County was abandoned and divided into 13 townships and 2 towns. The declining tumu and Tusi were included in the township Baojia system. Now Ximeng County belongs to Lancang County.

In 1949, when Lancang was liberated and the provisional military and political Commission was established, it belonged to Lancang County, which was called Ximeng district. The district government was stationed in Lhaba and had jurisdiction over seven armed working sites.

In 1950, Ximeng district government was set up under Lancang County.

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Chinese PinYin : Yun Nan Sheng Pu Er Shi Xi Meng Wa Zu Zi Zhi Xian