Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County, Pu'er City, Yunnan Province

Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County belongs to Pu'er City, Yunnan Province. It is located in the southwest of Yunnan Province, west of the central part of Pu'er City, bordering Ning'er County in the East, Simao district and Ning'er County in the South bounded by Weiyuan River and Xiaohei River in the South, Lancang County in the west, Linxiang district and Shuangjiang County in Lincang City, and Zhenyuan County in the north It is located in Weiyuan Town, 130 km away from Pu'er City and 466 km away from Kunming city. By the end of 2016, the county has a land area of 7777 square kilometers, 6 towns and 4 townships, with a total population of 311400.

Jinggu is a branch of Wuliang Mountain range in the south section of longitudinal valley area of Hengduan Mountain system, with mountains, plateaus and basins alternately distributed in the territory. The highest altitude is 2920 meters, and the lowest altitude is 813 meters. It belongs to subtropical mountain original monsoon climate, with annual precipitation of 1354 mm.

Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County is an important forest pulp, forest board and forest chemical base in Yunnan Province. It is listed as the first batch of plateau characteristic agricultural demonstration counties in Yunnan Province, and is one of the origin and main production areas of Pu'er tea. In 2015, the GDP of Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County reached 8.70974 billion yuan, the per capita disposable income of urban permanent residents was 23946 yuan, and the per capita disposable income of rural permanent residents was 8348 yuan.

On September 25, 2018, it won the honorary title of "2018 e-commerce into rural comprehensive demonstration county" of the Ministry of Commerce. On April 30, 2019, the people's Government of Yunnan Province decided to withdraw Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County from the sequence of poverty-stricken counties.

Historical evolution

The origin of the name

Jinggu was called "mengwodi" in ancient times. In Dai language, "mengwodi" is a place, and "Wodi" is a well, which means a place with salt wells. It is said that "Weiyuan" is the transliteration of "woyun", meaning Yanjing city. It gets its name from Jinggu River (Weiyuan River) which passes through the city.

History of construction

According to archaeological excavation, Neolithic cultural relics were found in Zhengxing and other townships (towns), proving that human beings lived on Jinggu three or four thousand years ago.

In the second year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty (109 BC), Jinggu county is now the territory of Ailao state in Yizhou county. In the first year of Dijie (69), Ailao state was attached to the Han Dynasty and Yongchang County was set up. The county (stronghold) previously set up in mengdaguang was divided into Yongchang County by Yizhou county. Now Jinggu county belongs to Yongchang County.

In the third year of Jianxing (225), the Shu Han Dynasty was divided into Jianning County, Yuejun county and Yongchang County to set up Yunnan county; today Jinggu county belongs to Yunnan county.

In 271, the four counties of Jianning, Yunnan, Xinggu and Yongchang were set up as ningzhou. Today, Jinggu county still belongs to Yunnan county.

In the second year of Yuanxi (420) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty perished, and then the Southern Dynasties, such as song, Qi and Liang, gradually withdrew from the Yunnan Plateau. After Chen (Southern Dynasty) replaced Liang (Southern Dynasty), the Chinese mainland dynasties completely abandoned the Yunnan Plateau. Now Jinggu County has become an autonomous territory of the Dai nationality.

In the first year of Tang Yongtai (765), in the 14th year of Zanpu bell of Nanzhao, Weiyuan city was set up, belonging to Yinsheng Festival. In the sixth year of Qianfu (879), the Nanzhao regime set Weiyuan eyelid, belonging to Yinsheng Jiedu, and later changed to mengshe town.

In the second year of Tianfu (937) of the later Jin Dynasty, Duan Siping, the former Nanzhao state's Tonghai Jiedu envoy, entered the Erhai Basin to build Dali state, and set up Yinsheng Jiedu in Menggu along the old system of mengshelong. In the first year of Tianshu (1096), Dali state abolished Jiedu, Dudu and other military areas, and set up eight prefectures, four prefectures and four towns. Now Jinggu county belongs to Weiyuan city of Yinsheng Jiedu, and then Weiyuan County of Weichu Prefecture.

In the fourth year of Baoyou (1256) of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Mongols set up military jurisdiction at various levels, such as wanhu, Qianhu and Baihu, in the core area of Dali state. After stabilizing the situation of Dali state, they turned to attack the Southern Song Dynasty; in the third year of JINGDING (1262), the former Weiyuan Dai tribe was attached to weichuwanhu; in the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1271), the leader of lubilong was set up. In 1274, the Yuan Dynasty set up Yunnan and other places in the hometown of Dali state. After that, the military jurisdiction of wanhu, Qianhu and Baihu was cut down, and the administrative regions of roads, prefectures, prefectures and counties were set up. Weichuwanhu was changed to weichulu, and weiyuanzhou was set up in the former weiyuanfu. Now Jinggu county belongs to weichulu and weiyuanzhou. In 1331, Kainan Prefecture and Weiyuan Prefecture under the jurisdiction of Weichu road were divided into Jingdong Junmin Prefecture, and Ganyuan Prefecture was set up in the adjacent areas of Kainan Prefecture and Weiyuan Prefecture. Menggu Dai tumu was granted as the local magistrate of Jingdong Junmin Prefecture, leading Kainan prefecture (now Jingdong County, Nanjian County, Nanhua County, Shuangbai County), Weiyuan prefecture (now Jinggu County, Ning'er County, Simao District), Ganyuan Prefecture Yuanyuan (Zhenyuan County, Mojiang County, Xinping County) and Jinggu County belong to Weiyuan Prefecture. In the third year of Zhizheng (1343), Luchuan, a rising country in the Ruilijiang River valley basin, defeated the yuan army and took advantage of the victory to pursue Mengbi (Yangbijiang River Valley). The tumu of the Dai nationality in Menggu (tuzhifu of Jingdong military and civilian government) came to Luchuan after hearing the wind. Now Jinggu county belongs to Luchuan. In the 15th year of Zhizheng (1355), Luchuan state was attached to the Yuan Dynasty, and pingmian xuanweisi was set up in it; now Jinggu county is under pingmian xuanweisi.

In 1382, Weiyuan Prefecture was set up, belonging to Chuxiong Prefecture; in 1384, Luchuan state was attached to the Ming Dynasty, where Luchuan pingmian xuanweisi was set up; in the same year, Jingdong Prefecture, shunning Prefecture and Weiyuan prefecture were upgraded to prefectures; in 1385, Luchuan state occupied Weiyuan Prefecture in order to punish the betrayal of Russia and Tao, and sent troops to levy "Menggu"; in 1388, Luchuan state occupied Weiyuan Prefecture ）Mengmaonong army was defeated by Ming army in Dingbian battle, and was forced to make peace with Ming Dynasty. In Ming Dynasty, Luchuan pingmian xuanweisi and Weiyuan Dai tumu were still under their control. Now Jinggu county belongs to Luchuan pingmian xuanweisi. In the first year of Jianwen (1399), silenfa, the Xuanwei emissary of Luchuan pingmian, died. The tumu of the Dai nationality in Weiyuan took the opportunity to leave the Xuanwei Department of Luchuan pingmian, and the Weiyuan government was restored in the Ming Dynasty. In the third year of Jianwen (1401), Weiyuan Prefecture was established as the governor of Yunnan Province.

In the third year of Yongzheng reign (1725) of the Qing Dynasty, Weiyuan hall was set up for the purpose of "changing the land and returning to Liu", which belonged to Zhenyuan Prefecture; in October of the 13th year of Yongzheng reign (1735), Weiyuan hall in Zhili was reduced to scattered hall, which belonged to Zhenyuan Prefecture; in the 35th year of Qianlong reign (1770), Weiyuan hall was set up for the purpose of Pu'er defense, which belonged to Pu'er Prefecture.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), it was changed to Weiyuan County, belonging to Pu'er road.

In 1914, because the name of the county was the same as that of Weiyuan County in Sichuan Province, it was changed to Jinggu County, belonging to the Daoyin Office of Pu'er.

In June 1949, Jinggu County People's government was established. It belongs to Ning'er district.

In 1951, Ning'er district was changed into Pu'er District, and Jinggu county belongs to Pu'er district.

In 1953, Pu'er district was changed into Simao District, and Jinggu county belongs to Simao district.

In January 1959, Zhenyuan County merged with Jinggu County.

In February 1961, Jinggu and Zhenyuan were set up separately.

In 1970, Simao district was changed into Simao District, and Jinggu county belongs to Simao district.

On December 25, 1985, the people's Government of Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County was established, which is subordinate to Simao administrative office.

In 2004, Simao Prefecture was abolished and Simao City was established. Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County belongs to Simao City.

In 2007, Simao City was renamed Pu'er City, and Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County belongs to Pu'er City.

administrative division

By the end of 2016, Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County had jurisdiction over 6 towns (Weiyuan Town, Yongping Town, Minle Town, Zhengxing Town, Jinggu town and Fengshan Town), 4 townships (Mengban Township, yizhi Township, Banpo Township and Bi'An township), 132 villagers' committees and 1929 villagers' groups. The county people's government is located in Weiyuan town.

geographical environment

Location context

Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County is located in the southwest of Yunnan Province, west of the central part of Pu'er City, between east longitude 100 ° 02 ′ - 101 ° 07 ′, north latitude 22 ° 49 ′ - 23 ° 52 ′. It borders Ning'er County in the East, Weiyuan River and Xiaoheijiang River in the south, Simao district and Ning'er County in one river, Lancang County, Linxiang district and Shuangjiang County in the west, and Zhenyuan County in the north Next door, the county people's government is 130 km away from Pu'er City and 466 km away from Kunming city. It is 107 km to the West and 115 km to the north and south, covering a total area of 7550 square kilometers.

topographic features

Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County is a branch of Wuliang Mountain range in the south section of zonggu District of Hengduan Mountain system. Mountains, plateaus and basins are alternately distributed in the county, with the highest altitude of 2920 meters and the lowest altitude of 813 meters. The terrain of the county is mainly mountainous and semi mountainous areas, with the general terrain inclining from north to South and gradually extending to the East and West wings.

climate

Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County has a total hot area of 7.32 million mu, accounting for 64.6% of the total area of Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County. It has a subtropical mountain monsoon climate with annual precipitation of 1354 mm, evaporation of 1916.4 mm, average rainy days of 164.1 days, average temperature of 22.1 ℃, accumulated temperature of more than 10 ° of 7360.9 ℃, and average sunshine hours of 2065.3 hours. Due to the high mountains and deep valleys, great differences in altitude, the climate presents obvious vertical changes. From the valley area with low altitude to the alpine mountain area, there are five climate types: North tropical, south subtropical, middle subtropical, north subtropical and warm temperate.

soil

In Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County, there are latosol, lateritic red soil, red soil, yellow brown soil, brown soil, purple soil, alluvial soil and paddy soil from the valley of the dam area to the semi mountainous area. The lateritic red soil is the largest, accounting for 60.6% of the available land area. The characteristics of the soil are mainly acid, phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium deficiency.

natural resources

mineral resources

Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County is located in the "Three River" metallogenic belt. There are more than 20 kinds of mineral resources, such as copper, iron, oil, coal, rock salt, limestone and so on, and 3 kinds of mineral resources

Chinese PinYin : Yun Nan Sheng Pu Er Shi Jing Gu Dai Zu Yi Zu Zi Zhi Xian