Antu County, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin Province

Antu County Antu county is a county under the jurisdiction of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture. It is located in the east of Jilin Province, the southwest of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, bordering on the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in the south, the center of "Northeast Asia Tourism Circle" and the hinterland of "Northeast Asia economic cooperation circle" in the north. It is located between 127 ° 48 ′ - 129 ° 11 ′ E and 42 ° 01 ′ - 43 ° 24 ′ n, covering an area of 7444 square kilometers, with a total population of 209439 (in 2014), of which the Korean nationality accounts for 20.9% of the total population of the county. Antu is a continental monsoon climate, the temperature gradually increases from south to north, and the precipitation gradually decreases. The annual average temperature is 2.2 ° in the South and the annual average precipitation is 669.7mm in the South and 594.7mm in the north.

In 2013, Antu County's GDP was 6601.22 million yuan, an increase of 11.7% over 2012. The per capita GDP reached 31585 yuan, an increase of 13.3% over 2012.

Antu County, known as "the first county under Changbai Mountain", is the hometown of mineral water in China, "Changbai Mountain large-scale natural mineral water base" in Jilin Province, the pilot county of ecological construction in Jilin Province, the breeding base of fine varieties of traditional Chinese medicine, the national advanced county of water conservancy economy, "green" export base of traditional Chinese medicine, and the national ecological demonstration area. Erdaobaihe town is a provincial Changbai Mountain Tourism Economic Development Zone.

In November 2016, Antu County of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture was rated as the second batch of national global tourism demonstration areas by the National Tourism Administration. On April 11, 2020, Antu County will withdraw from the sequence of poor counties. China's top 100 summer leisure counties and cities in 2020.

Historical evolution

Antu has a long history. As far back as the late Paleolithic period, there were human beings living here. When the Central Plains entered the slavery society, there were beiwoju people living in the county.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, the county was Sushen's habitat.

In the third year of the reign of the Han Dynasty (108 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up four prefectures, namely, Lelang, lintun, Zhenfan and xuantu. Antu was under the jurisdiction of xuantu.

In the second year of Jianzhao (37bc), Gaogouli conquered beiwoju and ruled Yanbian, and Antu was its jurisdiction.

In the first year of Shengli (698) of Tang Dynasty, dazorong, the leader of Su Mo, established the kingdom of Zhen, and later changed it into the kingdom of Bohai. The county was under the jurisdiction of Zhongjing government, with Luzhou (today's Mingyue Town) and Xingzhou (today's Erdao town).

In the first year of Tiancheng in the later Tang Dynasty (926), Khitan destroyed the Bohai Sea and changed its name to Liao. Antu was under the jurisdiction of Nvzhen Dawang mansion in Changbai Mountain, the capital road of Eastern Liaoning.

In 1125, Jin Dynasty destroyed Liao Dynasty, and Antu was under the jurisdiction of Huining County, Hailan Road, Shangjing city. In 1215 (the third year of Jin Zhenyou), Pu xianwannu, the Xuanfu envoy of Liaodong, rebelled against Jin in Tokyo (now Liaoyang), and became king of the country.

In 1216, Jin Zhenyou was defeated by the Mongols and Khitans and fled to the East. He established his capital in Nanjing (today's Chengzishan mountain city in Helong county). He changed the name of the state to "Dongxia" and Antu became the jurisdiction of Nanjing Road.

In 1234, Antu returned to Kaiyuan Road, Liaoyang province.

In the 18th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1388), the eastern Xia kingdom was destroyed and the Northeast was unified. Antu was under the jurisdiction of nurganhetun Jiwei, where it was located in the ancient town of Wanbao.

In 1644, when the main force of the Qing army entered the pass, the Qing government regarded Changbai Mountain as the birthplace of its ancestors.

In 1677, the Qing government designated the east of Xingjing, the south of yitongzhou and the north of Tumen River as forbidden areas. Antu is the hinterland of Changbai Mountain, and it is rich in ginseng, which is strictly forbidden. During the Xianfeng Period, Shandong and Hebei refugees began to make a living in the forbidden area.

In 1881, the ban was officially lifted and closed for more than 200 years. In 1908 (the 34th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), the area from wudaobaihe to mudanling was under the jurisdiction of Huadian County, the area from Changbaishan to the South was under the jurisdiction of changbaifu, and the area from huanggouling to halbaling was under the jurisdiction of Yanji county.

Since the seventh year of tongzhi (1868) in the Qing Dynasty, the number of Korean Yue Ken gradually increased. By 1909 (the first year of Xuantong), there were more than 280 households in Erdaojiang. After the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, in order to devour Chinese territory, Japan created the problem of "Sino Korean border", which caused many troubles in the border area. However, Changbai government had too wide jurisdiction, which made it difficult to govern. In order to control the "solid border" around Changbai Mountain and contain the Japanese invasion.

On October 24 of the first year of Xuantong (December 6, 1909), Xi Liang, governor of the three northeastern provinces, invited him to set up a county government at the upper source of Tumen River, from the west of Hongqi River, along the provincial boundary in the north, to Shiyi River in the south, and from bulhuli in the middle to Changbai Mountain. On January 16, 1910 (December 6 of the same year), it was approved to name Antu, which means to stabilize the boundary of Tumen River and protect the country and the people. Later, due to lack of funds, it was changed to niangniangku (now Songjiang town) and attached to Baifu, governor of Fengtian.

Antu County was under the jurisdiction of Fengtian East Road in 1913 and Fengtian East Road in June 1914. In January 1929, it was subordinate to Liaoning Province and was a third class county. After the fall of Northeast China, it belonged to the puppet Fengtian province in 1932. On December 1, 1934, it belonged to Jiandao province. In October 1943, it belonged to the area between puppet East Manchu provinces. In 1945, it returned to Jiandao province.

Antu County was liberated in March 1946 and was subordinate to Jidong province. In May of the same year, Jilin Province was divided into Yanbian and Jilin Province (later changed to Jilin Province), Antu was Jilin Province. On October 11, 1947, Jidun and Yanbian were merged and called Jidong special district. The special office was located in Yanji, and Antu belonged to it. In March 1948, Jidong district was changed into Yanbian district. On September 3, 1952, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Region was established. In 1955, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Region was changed into an autonomous prefecture, which governs Antu.

The origin of place names

In the Qing Dynasty, Antu was regarded as the holy land for the birth of Manchu ancestors and the foundation of the dragon vein of the Chinese Empire. Therefore, Antu was designated as the forbidden area of the imperial dynasty and was forbidden to be exploited by the people for more than 200 years in order to "secure the Dragon vein and prosper the Empire".

On December 6, 1909 (October 24, the first year of Xuantong), Xi Liang, governor of the three northeastern provinces, invited him to set up a county government at the upper source of the Tumen River, from the west of the Hongqi River, along the provincial boundary in the north, to shiyishui in the South, and from bulhuli in the middle to Changbai Mountain. On January 16, 1910 (December 6 of the same year), it was approved and named Antu, aiming to stabilize the boundary of Tumen River and protect the country and the people.

administrative division

By 2019, Antu county has jurisdiction over 3 streets, 7 towns and 2 townships: Jiulong street, wengsheng street, Changxing street, Mingyue Town, Songjiang town, Erdaobaihe Town, Liangjiang Town, Shimen Town, Wanbao Town, liangbing Town, Xinhe Town and Yongqing town.

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geographical environment

Location context

Antu county is located in the southwest of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin Province, between 127 ° 48 ′ - 129 ° 11 ′ E and 42 ° 01 ′ - 43 ° 24 ′ n, covering an area of 7444 square kilometers. It is adjacent to Helong city by Nangang mountains in the southeast; it is adjacent to Longjing City by halbaling mountains in the Northeast; it is adjacent to Dunhua City by mudanling, Xinkailing, matonling, yangbaotaidadingzi and Jianshan mountains in the northwest; it is adjacent to Fusong County by cuocaodinzi, Ma'anshan, dongtudingzi and erdaosonghuajiang rivers in the West; it is adjacent to Chaohua city by Tianchi and shuangmufeng mountains in the south In the Democratic People's Republic of China, two rivers and three rivers are connected by land, with a total border of 33.7 kilometers.

details

terrain

Antu county is located at the northern foot of Changbai Mountain, with undulating mountains and ravines. The Changbai Mountains extend from south to north, which makes the whole county high in the South and low in the north, high in the East and low in the west, long in the South and narrow in the East and West.

climate

Antu county has a temperate monsoon climate. The temperature gradually increases from south to north, and the precipitation gradually decreases. Huanggouling in the middle and north of Hengdan is the natural geographical boundary of the county. It divides Antu County into two weather areas, the average annual temperature is 2.2 ℃ in Songjiang area in the South and 3.6 ℃ in Mingyue area in the north; the frost free period is 95-110 days in the South and 120-130 days in the north; and the average annual precipitation It is 669.7 mm in the South and 594.7 mm in the north.

Transportation and communication

traffic

The Mingchang highway in Antu county runs through north and south to Tianchi of Changbai Mountain. Shuangmufeng passage is the only land boundary passage between China and North Korea. There are three national highways (Tumen, lanhaote, Hegang, Dalian, Songjiang and laosongling) and two railways (Changchun, Tumen and Tonghua, Erdaobaihe) passing through Antu. The county seat is 63 km away from Yanji Airport.

communication

Antu county has 40000 program-controlled telephone exchanges, and the urban telephone penetration rate reaches 27 per 100 people. It can communicate with more than 160 countries and regions in the world. There are a wide range of postal services, which can handle all kinds of domestic and international postal and express mail services. Urban and rural communications have realized the exchange process, transmission digitization and transmission automation. Mobile phone signals cover Antu County.

natural resources

Forest resources

As of 2013, the total volume of standing trees in Antu county is 98 million cubic meters, and the total area of forestry land is 646575 hectares. Among them, the area of woodland is 603572 hectares, and the forest coverage rate is 86%. Among them, Antu County Forestry Bureau has 6314774 cubic meters of living stock, 107699 hectares of woodland area, and 63.4% of forest coverage rate. Within 107699 hectares of woodland area, the main tree species are Korean pine (1486 hectares), 119599 cubic meters of living stock; spruce (529 hectares), 9464 cubic meters of living stock; Larch (15752 hectares), 599668 cubic meters of living stock It is 22 hectares in autumn and 224 cubic meters of standing trees

Chinese PinYin : Ji Lin Sheng Yan Bian Chao Xian Zu Zi Zhi Zhou An Tu Xian