Yingde City, Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province

Yingde Yingde, Yingde is located in the southeast of Nanling Mountains, the north central part of Guangdong Province, and the middle reaches of Beijiang River. In the first year of Qingyuan (1195) of the Southern Song Dynasty, Yingzhou was promoted to Yingde Prefecture, which was named Yingde from the beginning. In 1278, Yingde mansion was changed to Yingde road governor mansion; in 1308, it was reduced to Zhou. In the second year of Hongwu in the early Ming Dynasty (1369), Yingde county was changed to Yingde county. In January 1994, Yingde set up a city (county-level city) instead of a county, which was managed by Qingyuan City. With an area of 5634 square kilometers, Yingde is the largest county-level administrative region in Guangdong Province. In 1996, Yingde was rated as the second batch of famous historical and cultural cities in Guangdong Province. In 2018, Yingde City had 1 million 187 thousand and 200 registered residence households and 986 thousand and 400 permanent residents.

The Yingde river system has 16 tributaries with rainfall collection area of more than 100 square kilometers, in addition to the three major transit rivers of Beijiang River, Yaojiang River and Lianjiang River. Yingde is rich in soil and moist in climate, forming a production base of high-quality rice, oil, sugarcane, sericulture, tea, vegetables, fruits, bamboo shoots and other commodities, of which the bamboo shoots planting area is 400000 mu, which is designated by the Ministry of rural agriculture as one of the national agricultural industrialization pilot cities (counties). Hakka snacks are quite unique. Bamboo shoots, bean curd and Yuba are very famous. Bamboo shoots are crisp and tender, and bean curd is smooth. They enjoy the reputation of Guangdong cement Town, Guangdong limestone cave Town, China Yingshi Town, "China black tea, green tea town" and "China hemp bamboo shoot town". In November 2018, it was listed in the "2018 list of China's 100 happy counties". In December 2020, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences released the list of China's top 400 County Economic Development reports, with Britain and Germany ranking 301.

Historical evolution

Before the pre Qin Period

Britain and Germany have a long history. The stone tools found in the cemented deposit of BAOJINGGONG ancient river bed show that the history of human activities in England and Germany can be traced back to 100000 years ago. In the late Paleolithic period, a group of primitive ancestors lived in Niulan cave of Shishi mountain in Yunling, Yinghong town. In the early Neolithic age, a group of primitive ancestors lived in the limestone caves around today's Qingtang Town, living a life of gathering and hunting. In the late Neolithic period, these ancestors moved from the cave to the platform and hill near the river bank, and began to live in knife farming, fishing and hunting.

In the pre Qin period, Yingde belonged to Nanyue; in the Warring States period, it belonged to Chu. In Qin Dynasty, it belonged to Nanhai county.

Han Dynasty, Three Kingdoms and Jin Dynasty

From 206 B.C. to 195 B.C., Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty set up two counties in Yingde, Zhenyang (now Yingzhong and Yingdong areas of Yingde City, Wengyuan County and some areas of Xinfeng and Fogang counties), Hanling (now Yingxi area of Yingde City), belonging to the South Yue State. The Eastern Han Dynasty followed the old system of the Western Han Dynasty, and Zhenyang and Hanling counties belonged to Guiyang County of Jingzhou. In 220 A.D. (the 25th year of Jian'an), Yangshan County entered Hanling county.

In 265 A.D. (the first year of Wu Ganlu in the Three Kingdoms), Tao township of Hanling county was restored to Yangshan County; Zhenyang and Hanling counties belonged to Shixing County of Jingzhou.

In 280 ad (the first year of Taikang in the Western Jin Dynasty), Zhenyang and Hanling counties were changed to Shixing County of Guangzhou. In 307 ad (the first year of Yongjia), Zhenyang and Hanling counties were changed to Shixing County of Xiangzhou. In 328 ad (the third year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty), Zhenyang and Hanling counties were changed to Shixing County of Jingzhou.

Northern and Southern Dynasties

In 452 ad (the 29th year of Yuanjia in the Southern Dynasty), Zhenyang and Hanling counties were changed to Shixing County of Guangzhou; in 30 years, they returned to Shixing County of Xiangzhou. In 467 ad (the first three years of Liu Songtai), Zhenyang county was changed to Zhenyang County, and Zhenyang and Hanling counties still belonged to Shixing County of Xiangzhou; in the sixth year, Gangxi county was set up 60 miles west of Zhenyang county. In 472 A.D. (the first year of Yutai in Liu Song Dynasty), Zhenyang and Hanling belonged to Guangxing County of Xiangzhou.

In 479 A.D. (the first year of Jianyuan in the Southern Qi Dynasty), Zhenyang county was renamed Zhenyang County, which belongs to Shixing County of Xiangzhou with Hanling county.

In 507 A.D. (the sixth year of Liang Tianjian), Hengzhou and Yangshan counties were set up in Hanling County, both of which were located in Hanling County; Zhenyang County belonged to Hengzhou Shixing County, and Hanling County belonged to Hengzhou Yangshan County. In 553 ad (the second year of Liang Chengsheng), Zhenyang county was located in Wengyuan County; Zhenyang county belongs to Shixing County of East Hengzhou. In 560-566 A.D. (Tianjia period), Hengzhou was changed to xihengzhou, and its governance was still in Hanling county. Hanling County belonged to Yangshan County of xihengzhou, and Zhenyang County belonged to Shixing County of donghengzhou.

Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms

In 589 ad (the ninth year of kaihuang of Sui Dynasty), Zhenyang County belonged to Shaozhou; in the 10th year, Hanling County belonged to Luozhou, Zhenyang county was changed to Zhenyang county and Xunzhou; in 596 ad (the 16th year), part of Zhenyang county was merged into Qujiang County; in 599 ad (the 19th year), Zhenyang county was changed to Guangzhou; in the 20th year, Hanling County belonged to Guangzhou. In 601 ad (the first year of Renshou), Guangzhou was renamed Fanzhou. In 607 ad (Daye three years), handing county belongs to Nanhai county.

In 622 A.D. (the fifth year of Wude in Tang Dynasty), the prefecture of Fuling county was restored to Fuling state, and Zhenyang county and Fuling County belonged to it. In 627 A.D. (the first year of Zhenguan), Zhenyang county was renamed Zhenyang County, and Hanling county was changed to Fuling county. The two counties belong to Guangzhou. In 742 A.D. (the first year of Tianbao), Zhenyang and Fuling belonged to Nanhai county. In 758 ad (the first year of Qianyuan), Zhenyang and Fuling belonged to Guangzhou. In 917 ad (the first year of qianheng in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms of the Southern Han Dynasty), Guangzhou was promoted to xingwangfu, and Zhenyang and Fuling counties belonged to xingwangfu.

In 920 A.D. (the fourth year of qianheng), it set up Yingzhou in Zhenyang county and led Zhenyang county. Fuling county still belongs to Xingwang mansion.

In 971 (the fourth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty), Fuling county was changed to Lianzhou on Guangnan East Road; in the fifth year, because the word "Ling" in the name of Fuling county was homonymous with the word "Kuang" of Zhao Kuangyin, the Taizu of Song Dynasty, Fuling county was changed to Fuling County; in the sixth year, it was changed to Yingzhou. In the first year of Qianxing in the Northern Song Dynasty (1022), Zhenyang county was changed to Zhenyang county because the word "Zhen" in the name of Zhenyang county was homonymous with the word "Zhen" of Zhao Zhen, the emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty. In 1120 ad (the second year of Xuanhe in the Northern Song Dynasty), Yingzhou was given the name of Zhenyang county.

In 1195 A.D. (the first year of Qingyuan in the Southern Song Dynasty), Yingzhou was promoted to Yingde Prefecture, which belongs to Guangnan East Road and governs Zhenyang and Jue counties.

In 1278 ad (the 15th year of the Yuan Dynasty), Yingde mansion was changed to Yingde road general mansion, belonging to Guangdong Road of Jiangxi Province; in 1286 ad (the 23rd year), it was reduced to Sanzhou. In 1301 ad (the fifth year of Dade), it was upgraded to Lu County, leading Zhenyang County, Jue county and Wengyuan County. In 1308 A.D. (to the first year of DA), it was reduced to Zhou again, leading Zhenyang, Jue and Wengyuan counties. In 1314 ad (the first year of Yanyou), Zhenyang county and Jue county were abolished and yingdezhou county was merged, belonging to the Guangdong Road of Jiangxi Province.

In 1369 A.D. (the second year of Hongwu in the early Ming Dynasty), Yingde county was changed to Yingde County, which is the capital of Shaozhou in xingzhongshu province of Guangdong Province. In 1569 ad (the third year of Longqing), Xianggang and Gantang of Yingde county (the junction of Qingtang and Baisha towns in Yingde City and Xinfeng County today) and part of Heyuan and Wengyuan counties were designated as Changning County (Xinfeng County today). In the Ming Dynasty, Yingde county was the capital of Shaozhou in Guangdong Province. In 1813 (the 18th year of Jiaqing), the Fogang Hall (now Fogang County) was set up in Yingde County, including four pictures of dabidu Gaotai, Baishi, Dushi and Jingtou, two pictures of yanxiadu Hushan and Guanyin, and a part of Qingyuan County.

During the period of the Republic of China, there was no great change in the construction of Yingde county. In April 1949, Yingde county was under the jurisdiction of the third administrative supervision district of Guangdong Province. The office of the commissioner was stationed in Yingde, with jurisdiction over Yingde, Qingyuan, Fogang, Xinfeng and Wengyuan counties.

On October 9, 1949, Yingde county was liberated. Yingde county was subordinate to Beijiang provisional people's Action Committee at the beginning, and then to Beijiang people's office of administrative inspector, Beijiang District Office of administrative inspector, Beijiang District Office of commissioner, North Guangdong Office of administration, Shaoguan Office of commissioner, Shaoguan Revolutionary Committee, Shaoguan regional Revolutionary Committee, Shaoguan local office of administration and Shaoguan City. In January 1988, Qingyuan County was set up as a city, and Yingde county was put under the jurisdiction of Qingyuan City from Shaoguan City. In January 1994, Yingde set up a city (county level) from a county, which is still Qingyuan City.

administrative division

As of December 31, 2005, Yingde has jurisdiction over one street (Yingcheng) and 24 towns (Shakou, Wangbu, Qiaotou, Qingtang, Donghua, Baisha, Yuwan, Dazhan, Lixi, Shuibian, Xiniu, Jiulong, Dawan, Dadong, Huanghua, BOLUO, Hengshishui, Lianjiangkou, shimuipu, Shigutang, Hengshitang, Yinghong, xiashitai ("Shitai" in one word) and Taiji).

geographical environment

geographical position

Yingde is located in the southeast of Nanling Mountains, the north central part of Guangdong Province and the middle reaches of Beijiang River. It is adjacent to Wengyuan County and Xinfeng County in the East, Fogang County and Qingcheng District in the south, Yangshan County in the northwest and Qingxin District in the southwest, and Ruyuan County and Qujiang District in the north. Geographical coordinates: 23 ° 50 ′ 31 ″ - 24 ° 33 ′ 11 ″ n, 112 ° 45 ′ 15 ″ - 113 ° 55 ′ 38 ″ E. It starts from Qingtang town in the East and ends at Huanghua town in the west, with a span of about 119 km. It extends from BOLUO town in the north to Lixi town in the south, with a span of about 78 km. The land area of the city is 5634 square kilometers (8.451 million mu).

geology

The area is mainly composed of metamorphic sandstone, glutenite, feldspar, quartzite and siliceous rock. The geological structure belongs to Beijiang interference zone. It has experienced Caledonian, Variscan Indosinian, Yanshanian and Himalayan tectonic stages, with multiple and various crustal movements. Folds, faults and magmatic intrusions are prominent. Alluvial plain and valley plain are formed in landform. The strike of rock strata is north, northeast, northwest and Southeast. Faults and reverse faults can be seen everywhere. Due to the influence of different periods of movement, and these effects compete with each other, the structure is extremely complex, and the spatial distribution of geomorphic forms in the area is strictly controlled, forming the basic skeleton of various geomorphic types. Especially in the period of Yanshan movement, the north and south of England and Germany

Chinese PinYin : Guang Dong Sheng Qing Yuan Shi Ying De Shi