Chenghai District, Shantou City, Guangdong Province

Chenghai District, Shantou City, Guangdong Province, is located in the east of Guangdong Province, northeast of Shantou City, the estuary of Hanjiang Delta, Raoping County of Chaozhou City in the northeast, Chaoan District of Chaozhou City in the northwest, Longhu District of Shantou City in the southwest, and Nan'ao County across the sea in the southeast. The Tropic of cancer (Tropic of cancer) runs across the region, covering a total area of 367 square kilometers. By 2019, Chenghai District has jurisdiction over three streets and eight towns, with a permanent resident population of 827000.

Chenghai is one of the famous hometown of overseas Chinese in Guangdong Province, with profound historical and cultural heritage. It has been the departure port and important node of the "maritime Silk Road" since ancient times. Zhanglin ancient port, as the holy land of the red head boat, is the "spiritual home" and root seeking base in the hearts of overseas Chinese, and is the hometown of the red head boat. Chenghai people have a long history of living abroad, and overseas Chinese are all over the world. Chen cixiao's former residence is known as "the first overseas Chinese residence in Lingnan". It is a rare historical heritage in Chaoshan and even the whole country, and a miniature of Chaoshan overseas Chinese culture.

Chenghai District is the "China toy and gift city", "China toy manufacturing base", the only recognized "intelligent toy creative design and manufacturing industry base" in the national torch plan, and the only "China toy and gift export base" in China.

In 2018, the GDP of Chenghai District was 51.897 billion yuan, an increase of 6.8% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 3.519 billion yuan, an increase of 4.9%; the added value of the secondary industry was 29.507 billion yuan, an increase of 9.2%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 18.87 billion yuan, an increase of 3.4%.

Evolution of organizational system

The main area of Chenghai District originally belongs to Chenghai County, Chaozhou, with a long history and a long cultural history.

The Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties belonged to Baiyue, while the Xia and Shang Dynasties belonged to Haiyang state (Southern Ou state).

The Qin and Han dynasties belong to Jieyang County, Nanhai County, Guangzhou.

In 331, Nanhai county was established as Dongguan county. Jieyang county was divided into Haiyang, Chaoyang, sui'an and Haining counties, which were merged into Dongguan county. Chenghai belongs to Haiyang county. In the ninth year of Yixi (413) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Yian county was set up in Dongguan county. In Jieyang County of the Qin and Han Dynasties, Yian county was set up. The county governed Haiyang county (now Chaozhou City). Yizhao county was set up in the north of Haiyang county. Yian County governed Haiyang County, Chaoyang County, Haining County, sui'an county and Yizhao county. Chenghai belongs to Haiyang County of Yian county.

In the Southern Dynasties and the Southern Qi Dynasty, Chengxiang county was set up in the north of Haiyang County in Yi'an county (the beginning of the establishment of Meixian County). Chengxiang county now covers Meixian County, Jiaoling County, Pingyuan county and Fengshun County. Yian County governs Haiyang County, Chaoyang County, Haining County, sui'an County, Yizhao county and Chenghai county. Chenghai belongs to Haiyang County in Yi'an county.

In 591, the original Yi'an county was located in Chaozhou. Chaozhou had jurisdiction over Haiyang, Chaoyang, Haining, sui'an, Yizhao and Chengxiang. Chenghai belonged to Haiyang County of Chaozhou.

In Tang Dynasty, Chenghai was still Haiyang County of Chaozhou.

The period of Five Dynasties and ten States belongs to the Southern Han Dynasty.

The Song Dynasty was under the jurisdiction of Chaozhou. In 1121, Yongning, Chongyi and Yande townships of Haiyang County in Chaozhou were resettled to Jieyang county. Pengzhou, crocodile Pu and Xijiang in Chenghai county were all under the jurisdiction of Jieyang county. Shangwaipu, Zhongpu, xiawaipu and Suwan were still under the jurisdiction of Haiyang county.

In 1279, Chaozhou was changed into the office of the general manager of Chaozhou Road, which is subordinate to Guangdong Road. Chaozhou road still governs four counties of Haiyang, Jieyang, Chaoyang and Chengxiang, and still governs "three Chaoyang counties of Chaozhou" (Haiyang County, Jieyang county and Chaoyang County). Chenghai belongs to Haiyang County of Chaozhou road.

In 1477, Xuanhua and Xinning in Taiping Township of Haiyang County, jilianzhou, Qingyuan and Xiange in Guangde Township, Qiuxi, longyancheng and Suwan in Huaide Township were newly established in Raoping County. At that time, Suwan was under the jurisdiction of Raoping County. At this time, Chenghai belonged to Haiyang, Jieyang and Raoping counties. On the 28th of the first month of the 42nd year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1563), three capitals of shangwaipu, zhongwaipu and xiawaipu in Huaide township of Haiyang County, three capitals of Yijiang, crocodile Pu and Pengzhou in Yande township of Jieyang County, and seven capitals of Suwan in Raoping County were analyzed. Chenghai County was set up under Chaozhou Prefecture, and its county governance was set up in biwang Village (now Chengcheng) in xiawaipu.

In 1666, Chenghai was abolished because of the imperial court's ban on moving the border to jingbianhai, which was the first time in Chenghai's history. It was not until March of the eighth year of Kangxi that Chenghai was restored. After the restoration of the county, the border remained unchanged. The Treaty of Tianjin of the second Opium War in the eighth year of Xianfeng (1858) of the Qing Dynasty defined Shantou as a trading port, which was under the jurisdiction of Chenghai county.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Chenghai county established Chenghai county government, which was subordinate to the governor of Guangdong Province. In 1914, Chenghai county was subordinate to chaodundao. In the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), it was attached to the Chaohai rehabilitation office. In 1921, Shantou became an independent city, so it was separated from Chenghai. In 1925, it was subordinate to Dongjiang administrative rehabilitation office, which was later changed to Dongjiang Administrative Committee Office; in 1928, it was subordinate to Dongjiang Rehabilitation Committee Office. In 1933, it was subordinate to the office of the eastern appeasement Committee. In 1936, it was subordinate to the office of the Fifth District administrative inspector of Guangdong Province. In July 1939, the Japanese aggressors set up the puppet Chenghai County Security Council in Chengcheng. In January 1940, it was changed into the puppet Chenghai county government. In 1947, the office of the Fifth District administrative inspector of Guangdong Province, together with Shantou Municipal government and Chenghai county government, designated the area south of Dajiao. Huawu, Longyan, Changxia, Xinhu, Linghai and other villages on the East Bank of Hanjiang River belonged to Shantou City. After the surrender of Japan, the office of the administrative inspector general of the Fifth District was changed into the Sixth District. In April 1949, Guangdong Province was expanded into 15 administrative regions, Chaoshan counties were divided into the seventh and eighth administrative regions, and Chenghai was under the office of the eighth district administrative inspector.

On October 25, 1949, the people's Government of Chenghai county was established under the Chaoshan provisional Commissioner's office. Since February 1950, it has been under the office of the administrative inspector of Chaoshan District, and since October 1950, it has been under the office of the Chaoshan commissioner. In 1952, Chenghai county was subordinate to the office of the East Guangdong administrative Commissioner of Guangdong Province. On March 14, 1955, Chenghai people's government was changed into Chenghai County People's Committee. In 1956, Chenghai county was subordinate to Shantou Commissioner's office. On September 12, 1958, the people's commune of Chenghai county was established to implement the system of integrating government and society. On January 24, 1959, the organizational system of Chenghai county was abolished, and the county was merged into the suburbs of Shantou. On November 13 of the same year, Chenghai County resumed its organizational system and was renamed Chenghai County People's Committee. During the "Cultural Revolution", the military control committee of Chenghai county was established on March 25, 1967, and the Revolutionary Committee of Chenghai county was established on April 5, 1968, which successively belonged to the military control committee and the Revolutionary Committee of Shantou region. Since January 1, 1980, it is under the jurisdiction of Shantou administrative office. On December 21 of the same year, the Revolutionary Committee of Chenghai county was abolished and the people's Government of Chenghai county was restored. Since December 1983, the city has been in charge of the county, and Chenghai county is under the jurisdiction of Shantou City. On April 18, 1994, the organizational system of Chenghai county was abolished and Chenghai City (county level) was established, entrusted by Shantou City; the people's Government of Chenghai county was renamed Chenghai City People's government. On January 29, 2003, Chenghai City at the county level was abolished and Chenghai District of Shantou City was established, which was under the jurisdiction of Shantou City. Xinxi and Waisha towns were assigned to Longhu District of Shantou City in the original administrative region. The people's Government of Chenghai City was renamed Chenghai District People's Government of Shantou City.

administrative division

By 2019, Chenghai District has jurisdiction over 3 streets (Fengxiang street, Chenghua street and Guangyi Street), 8 towns (Dongli Town, Yanhong Town, Lianhua Town, Xinan town, Longdu Town, Lianshang Town, Lianxia town and Shanghua town), 137 villages and 47 communities, and the District People's government is located in Chenghua street.

geographical environment

Location context

Chenghai District is located in the east of Guangdong Province, the estuary of Hanjiang Delta, Raoping County of Chaozhou City in the northeast, Chaozhou City in the northwest, Longhu District of Shantou City in the southwest, and Nan'ao County across the sea in the southeast. The geographical coordinates are between 116 ° 41 ′ - 116 ° 54 ′ E and 23 ° 23 ′ - 23 ° 38 ′ n, 22 km wide from east to west and 27.85 km long from north to south, with a total area of 367 square kilometers.

topographic features

Chenghai District is located in the Hanjiang Delta, with 81.9% of the total area of plain below 10 meters above sea level, 8.5% of hilly platform above 10 meters above sea level, and 9.6% of water area. It is known as "one mountain, one water, eight parts of land". The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. In the north is Lianhua Mountain area, covering an area of 25 square kilometers. The main peak is 562 meters high, which is the highest peak in the region. In addition to Lianhua Mountain, there are 13 hills, such as longchuanling, Xiangshan, Sanji mountain, Xianmen mountain, Guanyin Mountain, Fengshan mountain, Guanlong mountain, Nanzhi mountain, Dashan mountain, Shenshan mountain, Xushi mountain, Xishan Mountain and huangzidian mountain, which are distributed in turn from east to south. The plain is divided by hills, Dongli River, Lianyang River and Waisha River into four large areas of Northern Jiangsu, Suxi, Shanghua and Longdu. In the East, there are liuhetan, lifengsha and hongrouchengsha. Chenghai is close to the sea, with a coastline of 54.3 km, a sandbar lagoon coast, and a seawall of 46.25 km long. In the south, there are two peninsulas of dalaiwu and xiaolaiwu and Lantao island; in the East, there are five islands (Xiyu, poyu, jiandanyu, Dayu and Dongyu) and four reefs (Majiao, dongmaojiao, jiaozi and nanmaodui).

climate

Chenghai District has a subtropical monsoon climate with abundant sunshine and rainfall. In the winter half year, controlled by the polar cold high pressure, the northeast monsoon prevails, and the weather is relatively dry and cold. Affected by subtropical high and tropical cyclone, southwest and southeast monsoon prevailed in summer

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