Jianshi County, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province

Jianshi County Jianshi County is located in the north of southwest mountainous area of Hubei Province, which belongs to Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. It is close to the main stream of the Yangtze River. Qingjiang River, a tributary of the Yangtze River, passes through the territory, bordering Badong County in the East with Yesanhe River as the boundary; Enshi City in the West with Taiyang River as the boundary; Hefeng County in the South with Changhe River and chaliao River as the boundary; Wushan County in Chongqing City in the north; Fengjie and Wushan counties in Chongqing City in the northwest. The pattern of Jianshi County is like a mushroom, 89 kilometers long from north to south, 64.5 kilometers wide from east to west, 12.5 kilometers narrow from east to west, with a total area of 2666.55 square kilometers. Taiping peak in the north of the highest point is 2090.1 meters above sea level, and yesankou in the southeast of the lowest point is 213 meters above sea level, with an average altitude of 1152 meters.

As of 2016, it has jurisdiction over 6 towns and 4 townships. There are 368 villages (community residents committees) and 3614 villager groups with a total population of 490000.

In 2016, the GDP of Jianshi County reached 8.579 billion yuan, and the general budget revenue was 552 million yuan. In March 2019, it was listed as the first batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization area sub County list. In April 2020, the people's Government of Hubei Province approved Jianshi County to withdraw from poverty-stricken counties.

Historical evolution

Jianshi County belongs to Bazi country in ancient times.

In the third year of Yong'an (260), Emperor Wu of the Three Kingdoms set up a county under Jingzhou;

Taikang five years of the Western Jin Dynasty (285) after the restoration of the province, is Jianping County, still under Jingzhou;

In the third year of Jiande in the Northern Zhou Dynasty (574), it was changed to the state of real estate;

In the first year of Daye (605) of Sui Dynasty, the Prefecture was abandoned and set up as a county, belonging to Qingjiang county;

In the eighth year of Zhenguan (634) of Tang Dynasty, the state was abolished again, and the county belonged to Shizhou;

Song Dynasty belonged to Kuizhou Road office;

In the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, Yuzhen and zimingsheng of Ming Dynasty took Sichuan as the main province, and established the peasant regime Xia (1362-1371), which was attached to Jianshi.

Ming Hongwu four years (1371) belong to Huguang City Shi Zhou Wei, 23 years (1390), dial Wei into Chu, county Kuizhou capital;

In the early Qing Dynasty, it belonged to Kuizhou Prefecture, and in the first year of Qianlong (1736) to the third year of Xuantong (1911), it belonged to Shizhou Prefecture.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the government was abolished and the county was directly under Hubei Province; in the 22nd year of the Republic of China (1933), the workers' and peasants' Red Army led by he long once established a revolutionary base in guandiankou, and successively established the township and county Soviet governments; in the 25th year of the Republic of China (1936), it was the seventh administrative supervision area of Hubei Province until November 4, 1949; in the 25th year of the Republic of China (1936), it was under the jurisdiction of Hubei Province;

On November 5, 1949, the whole territory was liberated, and Jianshi County was under the jurisdiction of Enshi special office of Hubei Province.

In 1952, Tonggu township of Jianshi County in Hubei Province was assigned to Wushan County.

administrative division

Division evolution

On December 1, 1983, Enshi changed its name to Tujia Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Western Hubei;

In 1984, Jianshi County had 9 districts, 100 townships and 7 township level towns.

In 1992, 9 townships under the jurisdiction of Maotian District, including Tiansheng, were separated from Maotian district and set up Tiansheng district (changed to Tiansheng town in 1994), with 10 districts, 2 towns, 100 townships and 7 township level towns.

In 1993, it was renamed Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. Jianshi County is still one of the eight counties (cities) under the jurisdiction of the prefecture.

Scenery of Jianshi County

In 1996, the reform of district and township administrative division system was carried out. The original 12 districts (towns) were abolished, and 7 townships were established. The original Maoping district was merged with Yezhou Town, which is still called Yezhou town. The Township under the jurisdiction of the original district was changed into management area, with 78 management areas.

In 1997, Gaoping and Jingyang were renamed towns.

In March 2001, Tiansheng town was merged into Changliang Township, with five townships, 78 administrative districts cancelled and the administrative districts changed into offices, districts or working groups. The county has 407 administrative villages and 3590 villager groups.

In 2003, the county people's Government approved the partial adjustment of the administrative villages in Yezhou Town, Guandian Town, Longping Township and Sanli township. After that, 368 Village (neighborhood) committees and 3614 villager groups were set up.

In 2005, Jianshi County had jurisdiction over five townships of Changliang, Maotian, Longping, Sanli and Huaping, and five towns of Yezhou, Hongyan, Gaoping, Jingyang and Guandian.

Administrative area

As of 2016, Huaping township has been built from township. It governs 4 townships of Changliang, Maotian, Longping and Sanli, and 6 towns of Yezhou, Hongyan, Gaoping, Jingyang, Guandian and Huaping. There are 368 villages (community residents committees) and 3614 villager groups.

By 2017, the county had 3 townships (Maotian Township, Longping Township and Sanli township), 7 towns (Yezhou Town, Changliang Town, Hongyan Town, Gaoping Town, Huaping Town, Jingyang town and Guandian town), 367 administrative villages and 43 communities.

geographical environment

Location domain

Jianshi County is located in the north of the southwest mountainous area of Hubei Province, crossing 30 ° 06 ′ to 30 ° 54 ′ n, 109 ° 32 ′ to 110 ° 12 ′ e, bordering Badong County in the East with Yesanhe River as the boundary; Enshi City in the West with Taiyang River as the boundary; Hefeng County in the South with Changhe River and chaliao River as the boundary; Wushan County in Chongqing City in the north; Fengjie and Wushan County in Chongqing City in the northwest. The county version is shaped like a mushroom, 89 kilometers long from north to south, 64.5 kilometers wide from east to west, and 12.5 kilometers narrow, with a total area of 2666 square kilometers and an average altitude of 1152 meters. The 318 and 209 national roads, Shanghai Chengdu West Expressway and Yichang Wanzhou railway run through the county. Yezhou town is 607km away from the provincial capital Wuhan along national highway 318 and 59km away from Enshi City along national highway 209.

geology

Jianshi County is located in the third uplift belt of Xinhua Xia system. It crosses the junction of the branch end of the southern margin of Daba Mountains and the branch vein of Wuling mountains. It has experienced many times of crustal movement, and the crustal fault depression and uplift are significant. It is dominated by folds and belongs to the combination of structural, erosion and melting systems. The mountain is trending ne to se, which is basically consistent with the strike of structural line. The north and south ends are dominated by tectonism, with strong erosion and cutting. There are ancient plateaus and gentle undulating hills. The bedrock is carbonate mountains, with rounded peaks and gentle ridges. The hillsides are mostly exposed in the form of stepped slopes. The bedrock is sand shale mountains, with sharp peaks and steep ridges. The cutting depth of the surface in the central mountainous area is 200 to 500 meters, mainly due to water erosion and strong chemical weathering. The landform is characterized by round peaks, gullies, karst caves, blind valleys, subsurface flow and karst depressions. The quartz sandstone and shale section of Mashui River Basin in Southwest China is a red bed tectonic basin. The carbonate rocks are widely distributed and the karst landform is strongly developed. They are an integral part of the karst development area in southern China. The main combination forms are: peak cluster slope plateau, karst hill ridge trough, peak cluster trough valley, karst Canyon, karst depression, karst cave and karst peak cluster.

landforms

Qingjiang River traverses the county and divides the county into two parts: the south of Qingjiang River belongs to Wuling mountain range, and the north of Qingjiang River belongs to Wushan mountain range. Wushan mountain ranges enter from the north of Jianshi County to the junction of Fengjie and Wushan counties of Chongqing City, and extend to the southeast to form the main mountain range of the county, which is divided into several branches and extends to the North Bank of Qingjiang River in a NE-SW trend; Wuling mountain range is the East extension part of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, extending from southeast to northwest along the junction of Enshi City and Hefeng County to the south of Qingjiang River. In the north of the county, the highest point is Taiping peak, with an altitude of 2090.1 meters, which is the highest point in the county, and the lowest point is the well trough of Xisha village, Changliang Township, with an altitude of 287 meters; in the south, the highest point is yingzuiya at the junction of Jianshi County and Hefeng County, with an altitude of 2079.1 meters, and the lowest point is yesankou, with an altitude of 213 meters; the elevation difference between the highest point and the lowest point is 1877.1 meters. There are mainly fault basin, fault zone and Danxia landform.

climate

Jianshi County belongs to subtropical monsoon humid mountain climate, with four distinct seasons and warm climate in low mountain area, with an average annual frost free period of 260 days and an average annual temperature of 15.5 ℃; in the second high mountain area, the climate is cool, with an average annual frost free period of 233 days and an average annual temperature of 13.1 ℃; in the high mountain area, winter is long and summer is short, and there is no obvious difference between spring and autumn, with a cold, cool and humid climate, with an average annual frost free period of 203 days and an average annual temperature of 11.7 ℃; in the old high mountain area, the climate is cold The winter is about half a year long, and there is no autumn in spring and summer. The climate is cold, with heavy snow and heavy fog. Affected by the topography, solar radiation intensity, soil moisture, vegetation density, wind power and other factors, the county also has a variety of microclimate characteristics, such as valley climate, convex climate, slope warm zone and so on.

The temperature in Jianshi County is the coldest in January and the hottest in July, with the characteristics of rapid warming in spring and rapid cooling in autumn. From April to October, the monthly average temperature is above 10 ℃ in the area below 1500 meters. The average temperature in January: low mountain 4.1 ℃, two high mountain 1.9 ℃, high mountain - 0.4 ℃; the average temperature in July: low mountain 26.3 ℃, two high mountain 24.0 ℃, high mountain 21.5 ℃. Extreme maximum temperature: low mountain 39.9 ℃, two high mountain 35.4 ℃, high mountain 29.0 ℃, both appear in August; extreme minimum temperature: Low Mountain - 15.2 ℃ (appeared on January 30, 1977, which is rare in a century), two high mountain - 15.4 ℃, high mountain - 17.2 ℃. Annual extreme minimum temperature: low mountain generally appears in January, two high mountain and high mountain generally appear in February.

Jianshi County has abundant rainfall, with an average annual rainfall of 1000-2000 mm. Rainfall varies with region and time. In terms of geographical distribution, the annual precipitation to the north of the first line of Qinghua County in Gaoping town in the north of the county is 1400-2000mm, and the more to the northwest, the annual precipitation in the area of sulfonchangping is as high as 2000mm; the annual precipitation in the area of Huaping Township in the South is 1400-1500mm; the annual precipitation in Sanli Township and hongyansi town in the middle is 1300-1500mm; the annual precipitation in the East is 1400-1500mm

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