Shaoshan City, Xiangtan City, Hunan Province

Shaoshan City, under the jurisdiction of Xiangtan City, Hunan Province, is located in the central and southern part of China, east of the central part of Hunan Province and the hilly area of central Hunan. Shaoshan is located in the west of Xiangtan City, adjacent to Mashan Township, zhushiqiao Township and sanxianao township of Ningxiang city in the north and East, Lianghu Township and nanzhushan town of Xiangtan County in the southeast, Longdong Township, Baitian town and Jinshi town of Xiangxiang City in the south, and Baitian town and Jinshi town of Xiangxiang City in the West. It has jurisdiction over Qingxi Town and Yintian Town, Shaoshan Township and Yanglin Township, and Shaoshan municipal government is located in Qingxi Town.

Shaoshan is the hometown of Mao Zedong, the great leader of the Chinese people of all nationalities. It is also the place where he lived, studied, worked and engaged in revolutionary activities in his youth. It is a famous revolutionary memorial site, a national patriotic education base, a national key scenic spot and an excellent tourist city in China.

In 2018, Shaoshan's GDP reached 9418.01 million yuan, an increase of 8.2% over the previous year.

In December 2019, it will become a pilot unit for the construction of national rural governance system. On January 29, 2021, it was selected into the list of areas with remarkable achievements in real work in 2020 announced by Hunan Provincial People's government.

Historical evolution

The origin of place names

Shao was the music name of Yushun. "Book Yi Ji" said: "Xiao Shao 90%, bring phoenix to instrument." Historical records: Shaoshan, according to legend, when Shun was on a tour to the south, Shao was happy to play here because of his name. (volume 354 of Jiaqing unified annals is quoted from Hunan Provincial annals · geographical annals) Cihai interprets Shaoshan according to this: "it is said that Shao was happy to play here when Yushun was on a tour to the south in ancient times, so it was named" There are eight scenic spots in the mountain. Yu Shun, the leader of tribal alliance in the late patriarchal clan society in ancient times.

The surname is Yao, the surname is Yu, and the name is rebirth, which is known as Yushun in the world. He is another emperor of the Ming Dynasty who has been respected by the Chinese nation for generations after Yao. He was highly valued by Yao, who not only abdicated the title of the leader to him, but also betrothed two beloved daughters, e Huang and nu Ying, to him. After Shun succeeded to the throne, in order to benefit mankind, he explored the advantages and disadvantages of mountains and rivers and planned the grand plan of reclamation. On the way to the south, Shun and his attendants camped in Shaoshan. The attendants sang and danced for Emperor Shun. With the beautiful music and dance, the cliffs played back and forth, the mountains sang and the valleys echoed, the sound shook the trees, the Phoenix heard the music, spread its wings, and sang harmoniously. Mountain scenery, a grand gathering in the world, has been handed down from ancient times. After a long time, people called the music that Emperor Shun enjoyed Shao music, and called the mountain that he enjoyed Shao music Shaoshan.

Division evolution

From Qin Dynasty to Jin Dynasty, it did not belong to Xiangnan county. Southern Qi belongs to Xiangxi county.

Sui kaihuang nine years into Hengshan County. In the eighth year of Tianbao in Tang Dynasty, Hengshan County was changed into Xiangtan County, from then on to Song Dynasty. Xiangtan County in Yuan Dynasty was upgraded to Xiangtan Prefecture, and Shaoshan was returned to Xiangtan Prefecture.

In the Ming Dynasty, it belonged to juyili, Yifeng Township, Xiangtan County; in the Qing Dynasty, it was the seventh capital of Xiangtan County; on December 19, 1893, Mao Zedong was born in Shaoshan, the seventh capital of Xiangtan County. During the period of the Republic of China, it successively belonged to the second West District of Xiangtan County, the Ninth District, Qingxi Township, Yintian Township and Qingtian township.

In February 1925, Mao Zedong and his wife Yang Kaihui returned to Shaoshan to organize and lead the peasant movement. They successively established more than 20 night schools for peasants in Mao's ancestral hall, Li's ancestral hall and Pang's ancestral hall, and established Shaoshan branch of the Communist Party of China, one of the earliest party branches in rural China.

By the end of the 1930s, in order to meet the needs of the struggle against the enemy, the Tangxiang District Committee of the Communist Party of China (under the jurisdiction of Xiangtan and Xiangxiang) decided to divide into Shaoshan and Baitian district committees. Shaoshan district Party committee has jurisdiction over Qingxi township of Xiangtan county (now Shaoshan) and Xiangxi township of Xiangxiang county.

In September 1945, after the victory of the Anti Japanese War, the CPC Working Committee of Tan Xiang Ning border region was established in Shaoshan. In May 1949, it was renamed as the CPC Working Committee of Ningxiang County, and the subordinate relationship of Shaoshan party organization changed accordingly.

On August 15, 1949, Shaoshan was liberated. After the founding of new China, the organizational system of Shaoshan has changed a lot.

In 1961, the whole county of Xiangtan restored the district level system and established Shaoshan district. In August 1963, Shaoshan Administration Bureau was established under the leadership of Shaoshan District Committee of Xiangtan County. In December 1968, Shaoshan Administration Bureau and Shaoshan District of Xiangtan County were abolished and upgraded to prefecture level district. It was directly under the central government of Hunan Province, and the zhuzan brigade of Daping commune and Baitian commune of Xiangxiang county were included.

On January 12, 1981, the provincial Party committee and the provincial government decided to abolish Shaoshan District of Hunan Province and re-establish Shaoshan Administration Bureau of Hunan Province and Shaoshan District of Xiangtan County, respectively under the leadership of Hunan provincial Party committee and Xiangtan county Party committee.

In 1984, Shaoshan District of Xiangtan County was upgraded to a county-level district under the jurisdiction of Xiangtan city.

In August 1986, the Hunan provincial Party committee and government held an on-the-spot office meeting in Shaoshan, decided to further open Shaoshan, and clearly defined the nature of Shaoshan: it is not only a revolutionary memorial, but also a scenic spot. At the same time, it also decided to open Dishui cave to Chinese and foreign tourists.

On December 26, 1990, with the approval of the State Council, Shaoshan District of Xiangtan city was abolished and Shaoshan City at the county level was established, which is under the jurisdiction of Hunan Province and managed by Xiangtan city. At that time, it had jurisdiction over 6 townships and 2 towns: Qingxi Town, Yintian Town, Daping Township, Yongyi Township, Ruyi Township, Yanglin Township, Yintian Township and Shaoshan township.

In October 1997, with the approval of the provincial people's government, Ruyi township was upgraded to an established town, with 5 townships and 3 towns under the jurisdiction of the whole city.

At the end of 2001, Yintian township was merged with Yintian town to establish Yintian Town, which has jurisdiction over 4 townships and 3 towns.

On May 10, 2012, Shitang, Huaqiao, Guyang, Shaodong, Shaoxi, Xinhu and Chengqian villages in Longdong town of Xiangxiang City were under the management of Shaoshan Township, and Tuantian and Shutang villages in Jinshi town of Xiangxiang City were under the management of Yanglin township.

In 2015, according to the township division adjustment plan of Shaoshan City, Qingxi Town, Ruyi town and Yongyi Township were merged to establish Qingxi Town; Shaoshan Township and Daping Township were merged to establish Shaoshan township. In the current round of township administrative division adjustment, Shaoshan City has merged three township level organizational systems, governed two towns of Qingxi Town and Yintian Town, and two townships of Shaoshan Township and Yanglin township.

administrative division

According to the official website of the municipal government in June 2017, Shaoshan governs two towns and two townships, and the municipal government is located in Qingxi Town.

geographical environment

Location context

Shaoshan City is located in the hilly area of central Hunan Province to the east of central Hunan Province. Its geographical coordinates are 112 ° 23 ′ 52 ″ - 112 ° 38 ′ 13 ″ E and 27 ° 51 ′ 40 ″ - 28 ° 1 ′ 53 ″ n. Located at the junction of Xiangxiang, Ningxiang and Xiangtan, it is 40 km away from Xiangtan City and 120 km away from Changsha City. Located in the west of Xiangtan city. In the north and East, it is adjacent to Mashan Township, zhushiqiao Township and sanxianao township of Ningxiang County. It borders Lianghu Township and nanzhushan town of Xiangtan County in the southeast, Longdong Township, Baitian town and Jinshi town of Xiangxiang City in the south, and Baitian town and Jinshi town of Xiangxiang City in the West.

topographic features

Shaoshan is a hilly area in Hunan Province. The basic geomorphic pattern was established in the Yanshan movement at the end of Zhuluo period. Later, with the intermittent and slow rise of crustal movement and the downward cutting of flowing water, Shaohe Valley and terrace, as well as the straight and straight Shaofeng mountain range and hill denudation surface were formed. The general landform outline is composed of Shaofeng mountain range, Shaohe River and Shishi River as the skeleton, forming the Western uplift and the terrain inclined to the East and Southeast, with complete mountains, hills, hills and plains. Shaofeng, the highest point in the city, is 518.5 meters above sea level, while liumuzhou, the lowest point, is 48 meters above sea level, with an elevation difference of 470.5 meters. The proportion of classification: valley plain 31.77%, hill 31.88%, hill 22.35%, mountain 14%. Shaoshan mountain range extends from south to North in a zigzag way. It is located in the chongnei of Shaoshan mountain. Therefore, it forms numerous chongnei, dongnei, Gulou and gullies, and becomes a scenic spot of tourism value. Shaofeng, as the name suggests, is the highest peak of Shaoshan, with an altitude of 518.9 meters. Shaofeng is located in the southwest corner of Shaoshan, about 5 kilometers away from Mao Zedong's former residence. Shaofeng is the 71st peak of Hengshan Mountain, which is more than 200 meters higher than the 72nd peak of Yuelu Mountain in Changsha. Shizishan lies in the middle of Shaoshan City, 10 li away from shaoshanchong.

geology

The strata are well developed and the geological structure is complex. The mountains are undulating, the streams are murmuring, and the soil flushing sections are connected. There are Banxi group, Sinian, Cambrian, lower Ordovician, nixian, Carboniferous, Permian, lower Triassic, lower Jurassic and lower Tertiary strata in the territory; there are Indosinian granitic intrusions in the west, and the geological structure is in the form of vortex, which is the YINTIANSI spiral torsion structure in Shaoshan.

hydrology

Shaoshan River belongs to Xiangjiang River system, all of which flow into Xiangjiang River through Lianshui. There are 9 small rivers more than 5 km in the city, with a total length of 103 km, of which Shao River, which originates from Shaoshan mountains, is the largest. Shaohe River, formerly known as Yunhu River, used to be nine bends and eighteen bends.

climate

Shaoshan is located in subtropical humid climate zone, with four distinct seasons, cold in winter and hot in summer, long hot period in summer and short severe cold period. The annual average temperature is 16.7 ℃, which is slightly lower than the surrounding counties and cities, and the annual extreme maximum temperature is 39.5 ℃. The average temperature in January is 4.4 ℃. July is the hottest month with the average temperature of 28.9 ℃. The average annual precipitation in Shaoshan is 1358 mm, with 1719.9 mm in the most years. The rainy season starts around April 15 and ends around July 10. It is rainy in spring and summer and dry in autumn and winter. The annual sunshine is 1717 hours, and the annual average sunshine percentage is 39%. The distribution trend is basically consistent with the temperature change.

natural resources

plant resources

The natural vegetation in the territory belongs to subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. The flora is composed of Fagaceae, camphor, Ilex, camellia, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, etc., with a total of 65 families and more than 280 species. The mountain forest is the best. The predecessors chanted it as "high peaks, green obstructing the eyes, trees far away, green enchanting the sky".

There are 230 species of trees and shrubs in 25 families in Shaoshan City, including 176 species of trees, 54 species of shrubs and vines, 180 species of native trees, 50 species of introduced trees, and more than 130000 mu of grassland. The forest resource area is 91.61 square kilometers

Chinese PinYin : Hu Nan Sheng Xiang Tan Shi Shao Shan Shi