Litang County, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province

Litang County, Litang County, under the Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province, is located in the west of Sichuan Province and the southwest of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. It is 285 km away from Kangding City, the capital of Sichuan Province, and 654 km away from Chengdu City, the capital of Sichuan Province. It is located at 99 ° 19 ′～ 100 ° 56 ′, 28 ° 57 ′～ 30 ° 43 ′, with a total area of 14352 square kilometers. As of 2011, Litang County has 5 districts, 24 townships, 231 villages and 282 villager groups. By 2019, Litang County has a permanent population of 73141, with a natural population growth rate of 6.52%. There are nine ethnic groups: Tibetan, Han, Mongolian, Hui, Naxi, Tujia, Yi, Miao and Qiang.

Litang is a Tibetan language, Tibetan Pinyin: Litang Zong. "Li" means "Tong" and "Tang" means "Bazi", that is, the vast Bazi is like a bronze mirror. Therefore, it is the land of Litang chieftain.

In 2011, the GDP of Litang County was 643 million yuan, an increase of 11.3% over 2010. Among them, the added value of primary industry was 252 million yuan, an increase of 13.7% over 2010; the added value of tertiary industry was 287 million yuan; the proportion of primary, secondary and tertiary industries was 39.2:16.2:44.6.

On February 18, 2020, after the study of Sichuan Provincial People's government, Litang County was approved to withdraw from the poverty-stricken county.

Historical evolution

Litang County belongs to Tubo. At the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, it was built in Litang city. In 1272, Li tangzhou was set up, and then benbuer was set up to recruit envoys. In the 25th year of the Zhiyuan period (1288), the general manager of money and grain was set up.

In the Ming Dynasty, it was set up as the Xuanfu Department of Litang, and later as the Sima Qianhu Office of zhagudong; in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, it was the possession of Gushi Khan.

In 1729, Xuanfu department was set up. In the second year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, the local government changed the system of tuguiliu and established Baohua County; in the thirty second year of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1906), Lihua county was established; in the third year of emperor Xuantong of the Qing Dynasty (1911), Lihua hall was established, governing Daoba, Dingxiang, Shunhua and other counties.

In 1912, Lihua Prefecture was set up. In 1914, Lihua county was set up. In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Lihua Prefecture was set up.

In 1913, Lihua county was established.

On May 31, 1950, Lihua county was liberated.

In May 1951, it was renamed Litang County.

administrative division

In 1997, Litang County governed one town and 18 townships. In 2000, Litang County governed one town and 23 townships.

As of 2011, Litang County has a total area of 14352 square kilometers, covering five districts, one town and 23 townships: Gaocheng Town, gake Township, qudeng Township, Heni Township, cunge Township, Benge Township, MoBa Township, Maiwa Township, labo Township, Green Township, dewu Township, Juewu Township, JUNBA Township, Rongba Township, zangba Township, shangmula Township, zhangna Township, Lamaya Township, Jiawa Township, zhuosang Township, Hayi township Yahuo Township, zhongmula Township and xiamula township have 231 villages and 282 villager groups.

population

As of 2019, Litang County has 9 ethnic groups with a permanent population of 73141, of which Tibetans are the majority, accounting for more than 95%. The agricultural population is 62220, and the non-agricultural population is 6264, with a natural population growth rate of 6.52 ‰. Other nationalities include Han, Mongolian, Hui, Naxi, Tujia, Yi, Miao, Qiang and so on.

geographical environment

Location context

Litang County, located in the west of Sichuan Province and the southwest of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, belongs to the southeast edge of Qinghai Tibet Plateau. It is located between Jinsha River and Yalong River, in the middle of Hengduan Mountain range, and in the North-South of Shaluli mountain.

Litang County is adjacent to Yajiang County in the East, Muli County, Daocheng County and Xiangcheng County in the south, Batang County in the west, Baiyu county and Xinlong County in the north. Litang County has a total area of 14351.8 square kilometers, with a maximum length of 215 km from north to South and a maximum width of 155 km from east to west. The county is 4014 meters above sea level.

topographic features

Litang County is dominated by hilly plateau and mountain plain landform, with part of high mountains and valleys. Due to the uplift of orogeny in the West and central part, the terrain fluctuates greatly and inclines to the southeast and northeast. The mountains and water systems in Litang County are north-south, east-west, alternating mountains and rivers, and the vertical distribution of mountains is obvious.

The topography of Litang County is becoming more and more complex. The land forms a vertical zonation. From low to high, there are middle mountain, high mountain, extremely high mountain and other types in turn. In the narrow valley, wide valley and planation surface at the top of the mountain, there are platform, multi flat dam and high mountain original types.

The main mountain ranges in Litang County are the gnei peak, with an altitude of 6204 meters; the Xiaozha mountain, with an altitude of 5807 meters; the kemailong mountain, with an altitude of 5780 meters; and the korgang mountain, with an altitude of 5601 meters.

soil

There are 9 types and 13 sub types of soil in Litang County, of which alpine meadow soil, dark brown soil and alpine shrub meadow soil are the main ones. Most of the land resources are distributed vertically between 3600m and 4600m above sea level, with cultivated land, woodland and grassland distributed from low to high.

hydrology

Litang County has many rivers, which are divided into Yalong River and Jinsha River. There are 11 tributaries, including Wuliang River, Reyi River, JUNBA River, sangduo River, gake River, Huoqu River, Baituo River, Naqu River, labo River and zhangna river. Eight tributaries flow into Yalong River and three tributaries flow into Jinsha River, with a total length of 1534 km.

Litang County has a river area of 786930 mu, accounting for 96.39% of the water area. Rivers of different sizes are all over the county, with a total length of 52462 km and an annual runoff of 7.6 billion cubic meters.

climate

Litang climate belongs to plateau climate area, and its basic characteristics are: low temperature, long winter, more sunshine, strong radiation, strong wind, simultaneous water and heat, large evaporation, distinct dry and wet seasons. The average temperature is 3.0 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 25.6 ℃, the minimum temperature is - 30.6 ℃, the annual average ground temperature is 5.9 ℃, the annual rainfall is 722.2 mm, the frost free period is only 50 days, the annual average sunshine hours is 2637.7 hours, the sunshine is more, the radiation is strong, the annual solar radiation is 159.4 kcal / cm2, the dry and cold winter is long, the warm season is short.

natural resources

land resource

By the end of 2010, the total land area of Litang County was 14352 square kilometers, and the cultivated land area was about 42 square kilometers, accounting for 0.8% of the total area. Other areas are 2040 square kilometers, accounting for 13.99% of the total area.

Water resources

Litang County is rich in hydropower resources, with a total water resources of about 1085000 cubic meters and a theoretical power reserve of 800000 kilowatts. 12 power stations have been built in the county, with a total installed capacity of 4965 kW.

plant resources

forest

Litang County has a forest area of 275636 mu, with a live stock of 51391343 cubic meters, and the forest coverage rate of the county is 7.4%. The main forest species of Litang County are fir and spruce, followed by Redwood, alpine pine, cypress, poplar, alpine oak, birch, willow, etc

forage grass

Litang County is rich in grassland plant resources, more than 200 species can be used as forage, the main forage species are Kobresia alpina, Kobresia sichuanensis, Carex nigricans, etc. There are seven kinds of high quality forages planted in artificial grassland, mainly Elymus, oat, baishanye, hongshanye, rye, Elymus sibiricus and Dactylis glomerata. The total area of natural grassland in Litang County is 12.3577 million mu, of which the usable area is 9.8916 million mu.

Medicinal and economic plants

There are many kinds of wild medicinal plant resources in Litang County, including Cordyceps sinensis, Fritillaria cirrhosa, Astragalus membranaceus, rhubarb, Codonopsis pilosula, Gentiana macrophylla, Aucklandia, notopterygium Notopterygii, lamiophyta, three needles, Artemisia rupestris, snow lotus, etc. There are not only valuable varieties of medicinal materials, but also a large number of crude varieties with considerable reserves.

Wild economic plants mainly include seabuckthorn, etc., and there are a certain number of wild edible strains, including Tricholoma matsutake, white fungus, brush fungus, camphor fungus, Hericium erinaceus and Auricularia auricula, etc.

Animal resources

raise an animal

The main animals in Litang County are yak, cattle, yak, sheep, goat, horse, pig, chicken and so on.

wild animal

Litang County is rich in ecological resources, mainly including white lipped deer, leopard, monkey, takin, forest musk deer, otter, bear, rabbit and heavy lipped fish. It has not only the first, second and third categories of protected animals stipulated by the state, but also precious and rare animals with high economic value and scientific research value.

Economics

overview

On February 18, 2020, after the study of Sichuan Provincial People's government, Litang County was approved to withdraw from the poverty-stricken county.

In 2002, the GDP of Litang County was 31.46 million yuan, 10.9% higher than that of 2001, with an average annual growth rate of 8%. Among them: 56.2 million yuan for the primary industry, 22.45 million yuan for the secondary industry, 52.81 million yuan for the tertiary industry, and 67.16 million yuan for the total output value of industry and agriculture,

In 2011, the GDP of Litang County was 643 million yuan, an increase of 11.3% over 2010. Among them, the added value of primary industry was 252 million yuan, an increase of 13.7% over 2010; the added value of tertiary industry was 287 million yuan, an increase of 9.1% over 2010; the proportion of primary, secondary and tertiary industries was 39.2:16.2:44.6. The local general budget revenue was 30.48 million yuan, an increase of 52.1% over 2010; the local general budget expenditure was 872 million yuan, an increase of 5.9% over 2010.

primary industry

Due to the high ground, cold weather and serious lack of heat in Litang County, the crop varieties are relatively single. The main food crops are highland barley, winter wheat and wheat, followed by peas, potatoes, corn and a small amount of buckwheat, peas, peas