Xishui County, Huanggang City, Hubei Province

Xishui county is a county under the jurisdiction of Huanggang City, Hubei Province, China, and is an important part of Wuhan city circle. The total area is 1949.3 square kilometers. As of 2019, the total number of households in the county was 342 thousand and 100, and the registered residence population was 1 million 2 thousand and 500. Xishui County was originally named Qishui county. In order to avoid confusion with the name of Qichun County, it was changed to Xishui County in 1933.

Xishui county is located in the south foot of Dabie Mountain, the east of Hubei Province, and the North Bank of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Located in the Yangtze River open development zone of Jiujiang, Huangshi and Wuhan, the Yangtze River waterway, LiuJie highway and Hurong Expressway cross in parallel; Huangshi Yangtze River bridge directly crosses Xishui and Sanhua; Beijing Kowloon railway crosses the territory, and two passenger and freight stations are built, forming a network of four links and eight extensions of railway, highway and waterway.

Xishui County governs 15 townships (farms) and 1 provincial economic development zone. It covers an area of 1949.3 square kilometers. She is the hometown of Wen Yiduo, a famous patriotic poet, scholar and democratic fighter. She is also the place where Chen Tanqiu, Dong Biwu, Xu Qianjin, Liu Bocheng, Deng Xiaoping, Li Xiannian and other proletarian revolutionaries of the older generation fought and lived.

Historical evolution

Xishui belonged to Yangzhou in Xia and Shang Dynasties. Zhou was the Xianzi state, and later it was destroyed in Chu. It belonged to Jiujiang County of Chu, which ruled Shouchun (now Shouxian County of Anhui Province).

Qin still belongs to Jiujiang county. From the end of Qin Dynasty to the juxtaposition of Chu and Han Dynasties (about 207 BC), it was divided into Jiujiang County, Hengshan County and Ying county (now Xinzhou District of Wuhan City). Xishui county belongs to Hengshan County.

From Han Dynasty to Jin Dynasty, it was Qichun County in Yuzhou.

In the 25th year of Yuanjia in the northern and Southern Dynasties, the western part of Qiyang County was located in Xishui county (to the west of Xihe River), the eastern part was located in Qishui county (to the east of Xihe River, to the west of Qihe River), and it was subordinate to Xiyang County of Yuzhou. The establishment of Xishui County began from then on. In 520, the name of Xishui was changed from "Xi" to "Xi". From then on, it was subordinate to Yongan County of Xiangzhou, and the county ruled Xishui.

At the beginning of the Sui Dynasty, prefectures and counties were abolished. In the third year of Daye of Sui Dynasty (607), Qichun county was established and led by Xishui County and Qishui county.

In 621, Qi Shui county was abandoned and merged into Qi Chun county. Xishui County was changed to Lanxi County because there were many orchids on both sides of the Xihe River. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Lanxi County was changed into Qishui County, which was under the jurisdiction of Qizhou.

Song Li was located in Qizhou, Huainan West Road.

Yuan Li is located at Qizhou Road, Jiangbei Road, Henan Province. In 1351, Xu Shouhui revolted against the Yuan Dynasty and called himself the red scarf army. He established a state power. His name was Tianwan. His capital was located in Qingquan temple in the northeast of Qishui County, and liantai province was set up. He was in charge of administration.

In the early Ming Dynasty, it belonged to Qizhou Prefecture. Hongwu 11 years (1378), changed to Huangzhou Prefecture, are under the Hu guangbu political secretary Wuchang road.

Qing Li Hu Guang Xing province Han Huang de Dao Huang Zhou Fu.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the government was abolished and saved in the county, which belongs to Jianghan Road of Hubei Province. In the 15th year of the Republic of China (1926), the road was abolished and the county was directly under the province. In June 1933, the county was renamed "Xishui", belonging to the third administrative supervision district of Hubei Province. In April 1936, it was under the jurisdiction of the second administrative supervision district, and in 1939, it was under the jurisdiction of Edong administrative office. In 1945, the administrative supervision area was restored, and Xishui County was still under its jurisdiction.

On April 8, 1949, the county was liberated. In May, the county people's democratic government (established in September 1947) moved from yangci zhangaokou to the county. In October, the county people's democratic government was changed into the county people's government, which was subordinate to Huanggang District of Hubei Province, Huanggang Prefecture in 1970 and Huanggang City in 1995.

In 1996, Xishui County covered an area of 1993 square kilometers with a population of about 1 million. It has jurisdiction over 14 towns and 12 townships: Qingquan Town, Bayi Town, Bahe Town, ZhuWa Town, Wanggang Town, tuanpi Town, Guankou Town, Bailian Town, Caihe Town, Xima Town, Dingsi Town, Malong Town, Lanxi Town, Sanhua Town, Maqiao Town, Xihe Town, zhudian Town, Songshan Town, Huagui Town, Daling Town, Sandian Town, Huhe Town, Lvyang Town, Yanqiao Town, Yuyan town and liushengang town. The county government is located in Qingquan town.

At the end of 2004, Xishui county had a total population of 1030412, with jurisdiction over 12 towns of Qingquan, Bahe, ZhuWa, Wanggang, Tuanbei, Guankou, Bailian, Caihe, Xima, Dingsi long, Sanhua, Lanxi and Lvyang Township, with a total of 19 neighborhood committees and 649 village committees. By the end of 2005, Xishui county had 12 towns, 1 Township, 19 neighborhood committees and 648 village committees.

On March 6, 2019, the Central Propaganda Department, the Ministry of finance, the Ministry of culture and tourism, and the State Administration of cultural relics announced the list of counties for the protection and utilization of revolutionary cultural relics (the first batch), in which Xishui County was included.

administrative division

In February 2001, the original 14 towns and 12 townships in Xishui County were changed into 12 towns and 1 Township, with a total of 649 administrative villages and 15 urban communities. In addition, Xishui county has three non administrative divisions: sanjiaoshan forest farm, cehu breeding farm and Economic Development Zone (provincial level). They are Qingquan Town, Bahe Town, Guankou Town, ZhuWa Town, Wanggang Town, tuanpi Town, Bailian Town, Caihe Town, Xima Town, Dingsi Long Town, Sanhua Town, Lanxi town and Lvyang town.

geographical environment

Location context

Xishui county is located in the middle of Eastern Hubei, the southern foot of the Dabie Mountains and the North Bank of the Yangtze River. Xishui county is located from 115 ° e to 115 ° 38 'e and from 30 ° 12' n to 30 ° 49 'n. It is adjacent to Qichun County in the East, Tuanfeng County in the west, Ezhou City and Huangshi City across the river in the southwest, Luotian County and Yingshan County in the north and northeast. It is about 68.5 km long from north to South and 61.3 km wide from east to west, with a total area of 1949 square kilometers, accounting for 1.05% of the total area of Hubei Province.

topographic features

Xishui county is inclined from northeast to southwest. The highest altitude is 1055 meters in sanjiaoshan, and the lowest is 14.5 meters in Meizi Lake, with a relative elevation difference of 1040.5 meters. The geographical profile can be divided into the northern mountainous area, the central hilly area and the southwest plain area along the river, each accounting for 20.4%, 63.9% and 15.7% of the total area of Xishui County.

climatic conditions

Xishui county has a typical subtropical continental monsoon climate with cold winter and hot summer, four distinct seasons, sufficient light and abundant rainfall. The annual average precipitation is about 1300 mm, and the maximum year is 1873.1 mm. The precipitation mainly concentrated in June to July, causing serious flood disasters. The annual average sunshine hours are 1895.6 hours, with 2186.4 hours in the most years and 1627 hours in the least years. The annual average temperature is 16.9 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 41.2 ℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is - 12.5 ℃. The frost free period is 230-258 days.

River system

The Yangtze River is 42.5 kilometers long in Xishui County. There are Xishui, bashui, Qishui, cehu, wangtianhu five major water systems, more than 50 small and major tributaries in the territory, of which Xishui, bashui, Qishui three major water systems flow into the Yangtze River. The longest river is Xishui, which connects Bailianhe reservoir and Lanxi to the Yangtze River. It is 72.5 km long and covers an area of 816.5 square kilometers. Bashui is 63 kilometers long, with a drainage area of 579.93 square kilometers. There are three tributaries in Qishui, with a total length of 37.3 kilometers and a drainage area of 259.2 square kilometers. The largest lake is CE lake, with a water surface of about 13500 mu, four tributaries and a drainage area of 231.65 square kilometers. Wangtian lake covers an area of about 10000 mu, with a drainage area of 169 square kilometers. In addition, there are 79 lakes in Xishui County, about 20000 mu. There are 67 reservoirs in the county, including 1 large reservoir, 2 medium reservoirs, 17 small (1) reservoirs and 47 small (2) reservoirs. Bailian reservoir, a large reservoir, has a total capacity of 1.184 billion cubic meters, a rainfall bearing area of 1800 square kilometers, a flood control capacity of 352 million cubic meters, a profit making capacity of 572 million cubic meters and a dead capacity of 228 million cubic meters.

natural resources

Animal resources

Wildlife: there are more than 20 species of mammals, more than 40 species of birds, nearly 100 species of snakes, frogs and insects. Among them, there are 11 species of national key protected animals: otter, Swertia deer, gazelle, pangolin, Caragana, parrot, swan, crane, eagle, tiger frog, rhinoceros pronata; 23 species of provincial key protected animals: hog badger, badger, weasel, civet, South China rabbit, muntjac, porcupine, pheasant, wild duck, egret, Yangji, turtledove, swallow, tit, magpie, thrush, pecker Woodbird, myna, tortoise, snake, toad, frog.

plant resources

Woody plants: a total of 50 families, 98 genera, 152 species, of which: timber species are Pinus massoniana, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Cryptomeria fortunei, Taxodium ascendens, cypress, Robinia pseudoacacia, Liquidambar formosana, Sophora japonica, Italian poplar, camphor, etc. The main economic tree species are Camellia oleifera, tung oil tree and Sapium sebiferum, chestnut, walnut and Castanea mollissima with dried fruits, and citrus, nectarine, pear, plum, persimmon, jujube and cherry with fruits. The rare tree species are Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Eucommia ulmoides, Ginkgo biloba and walnut, and Magnolia officinalis, Phoebe, Sophora japonica and Coptis chinensis.

Medicinal materials: there are more than 120 kinds of wild Chinese herbal medicines, and there are 13 kinds of new or introduced medicinal materials after the founding of the people's Republic of China. Among them, Eucommia ulmoides, Magnolia officinalis, Cortex Phellodendri, Gastrodia elata, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, Radix Isatidis, Chrysanthemum morifolium and so on are more valuable.

Aquatic resources

There are 13 orders, 27 families and 69 species of fish. The important economic fish are green carp, grass carp, silver carp, carp, eel, crucian carp, bream, eel, Siniperca chuatsi, yellow catfish, etc. the introduced species are California crucian carp, freshwater white pomfret, southern catfish, freshwater grouper, grass beard catfish, Brazilian bream, tilapia, etc. There are eel, Megalobrama amblycephala, silver carp, mandarin fish, fish fish, California perch, freshwater grouper, yellow catfish and so on. Rare fish species

Chinese PinYin : Hu Bei Sheng Huang Gang Shi Xi Shui Xian