Chongming District, Shanghai Municipality

Chongming District, subordinate to Shanghai, is located at the estuary of the Yangtze River. It is composed of Chongming, Changxing and Hengsha islands. It is located at 121 ° 09 ′ 30 ″ - 121 ° 54 ′ 00 ″ east longitude and 31 ° 27 ′ 00 ″ - 31 ° 51 ′ 15 ″ north latitude, with a total area of 1413 square kilometers. Chongming Island is the largest estuary alluvial island in the world and the third largest in China after Taiwan Island and Hainan Island Big island. Chongming district has a subtropical monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, mild and humid climate, abundant sunshine and rainfall, with an average annual temperature of 16.5 ℃ and an average annual rainfall of 1128.9 mm. As of 2018, Chongming district has jurisdiction over 16 towns and 2 townships, and the district government is stationed in Chengqiao town. As of 2018, the registered residence population of Chongming was 678 thousand.

During the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Yang Wu and Qian's Wu Yue fought in the Yangtze River Estuary. Yao Yanhong, the governor of jinghaidu Town, established Chongming town in Xisha in 937. From the Yuan Dynasty to the 14th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1277), Chongming town was promoted to Yangzhou, which was subordinate to Yangzhou road. In the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1369), Chongming was demoted to a county and still attached to Yangzhou road. On July 22, 2016, Shanghai municipal Party committee and Shanghai municipal government held the work conference of "Chongming County divided into districts" to change Chongming County into Chongming district. There are G40 Shanghai Shaanxi Expressway and S128 Chenhai highway in Chongming, which is the main traffic artery in the south of Chongming. The main scenic spots in Chongming include Chongming academy, Tang yicen tomb and Dongping National Forest Park. Chongming has won the honorary titles of "longevity town of China", "national ecological demonstration zone", "the first batch of National Agricultural Sustainable Development Experimental Demonstration Zone" and "the second batch of agricultural products advantage zone with Chinese characteristics".

In 2018, the GDP of Chongming district was 33.284 billion yuan, an increase of 6.8% over the previous year, and the added value was 35.11 billion yuan, an increase of 5.5% over the previous year. The per capita disposable income of residents was 36647 yuan, an increase of 9.4% over the previous year. Among them, the per capita disposable income of rural residents was 25474 yuan, an increase of 9.9%. The second batch of national agricultural product quality and safety counties.

History of construction

During the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Yang Wu and Qian's Wu Yue fought in the Yangtze River Estuary. Yao Yanhong, the governor of jinghaidu Town, established Chongming town in Xisha in 937.

At the end of the first year of Shengyuan (937) in the Southern Tang Dynasty, Li Min replaced Yang Wu and became the state name of Daqi. Later, he changed the state name of Tang (historically known as the Southern Tang Dynasty) and the year name to Shengyuan, and continued to govern Chongming town. After Li Jing succeeded to the throne, Chongming town was under the jurisdiction of Jinghai Zhiyuan (now Nantong).

In 958, the army of the Later Zhou Dynasty conquered all the territories in Jiangbei of the Southern Tang Dynasty and abolished the establishment of Chongming Town temporarily.

At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, Chongming town was restored and put under the jurisdiction of Haimen County, Tongzhou.

From the Yuan Dynasty to the 14th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1277), Chongming town was promoted to Yangzhou, which was subordinate to Yangzhou road. Xue Wenhu, the first magistrate of Chongming, established the city at the former site of the Tidu Office of Yao Liusha Tianci salt farm. Chongming town was changed into Xisha inspection department, and the only remaining dao'an village was changed into dao'an township. Yuanzhizheng 12 years (1352), the old city collapsed, a city moved to the original site 15 miles north.

In the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1369), Chongming was demoted to a county and still attached to Yangzhou road. Hongwu eight years (1375), change Li Suzhou.

In 1724, Chongming County was subordinate to Taicang Prefecture. In the third year of Xuantong (1911), the governor of Shanghai army sent the people's army to drive away Chongming town and Taiwan, and established the Chongming County Government of the Republic of China, which was under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province.

In 1914, Chongming County was under the jurisdiction of Hokkaido.

In 1927, Chongming County was transferred to Jiangsu Province.

In 1928, 10 townships of Waisha in Chongming County were designated as Qidong County in Jiangsu Province.

In 1933, Chongming County belonged to the seventh district of Jiangsu Province.

In 1934, it belonged to the Fourth District of Jiangsu Province (Nantong).

In 1939, Chongming special district office was subordinate to Shanghai special city (Wang puppet regime).

After the victory of the Anti Japanese war in 1945, Chongming County was once again under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province.

In 1946, it was subordinate to Songjiang District of Jiangsu Province.

In 1949, it was subordinate to Nantong Commissioner's office of Jiangsu Province.

On June 2, 1949, Chongming County was liberated and subordinated to Nantong District of Jiangsu Province.

On December 1, 1958, Chongming County was transferred to Shanghai.

On May 18, 2005, the administrative regions of Changxing and Hengsha, which originally belonged to Baoshan District of Shanghai, were established and incorporated into Chongming County. On November 18, 2009, Changxing withdrew the township and built a town.

On July 22, 2016, Shanghai municipal Party committee and Shanghai municipal government held the work conference of "Chongming County divided into districts" to change Chongming County into Chongming district.

In May 2020, it was selected as the top 100 County online retail in 2019, ranking 36th.

administrative division

By 2018, Chongming district has jurisdiction over 16 towns and 2 townships (78 residential communities and 269 administrative villages): Chengqiao Town, Bao Town, Xinhe Town, Miao Town, Lixin Town, Xianghua Town, Sanxing Town, Gangyan Town, Zhongxing Town, Chenjia Town, LvHua Town, Gangxi Town, Jianshe Town, Xinhai town, Dongping Town, Changxing Town, Xincun town and Hengsha town. The District People's government is stationed at 68 Renmin Road, Chengqiao town.

geographical environment

Location context

Chongming District, with a total land area of 1413 square kilometers, is mainly composed of Chongming, Changxing and Hengsha islands, as well as shoals and sandbanks around them. The shoals are rich in resources. It is adjacent to the Yangtze River in the west, the East China Sea in the East, Pudong New Area, Baoshan District, Jiading District of Shanghai and Taicang City of Suzhou City of Jiangsu Province in the south, and Haimen district and Qidong City of Nantong city of Jiangsu Province in the north.

Chongming Island in Chongming district is located at the middle point of China's coastline. Its geographical position is 121 ° 09'30 ″ e to 121 ° 54'00 ″ N and 31 ° 27'00 ″ n to 31 ° 51'15 ″. It is located at the estuary of the Yangtze River, the largest river in China. The island covers an area of 1269.1 square kilometers, 80 kilometers long from east to west and 13-18 kilometers wide from north to south. The island is surrounded by rivers on three sides and faces the sea on one side. It is known as the "gateway of the Yangtze River" and "Yingzhou in the East China Sea".

Changxing Island in Chongming district is located in the South Branch waterway of Wusongkou, with a total area of 89.5 square kilometers. It is adjacent to Hengsha Island in the East and Chongming Island in the north. It is 26.8 km long from east to west and 214 km wide from north to south.

Hengsha Island in Chongming district is located at the east end of the South Branch of the Yangtze River Estuary, with a total area of 54.4 square kilometers. It faces the river on three sides and the sea on one side. Changxing Island in the west, Chongming Island in the north and Pudong New Area across the river in the south. The island is conch shaped, about 12 km long from north to South and 8 km wide from east to west.

topographic features

Chongming Island in Chongming district is flat without hills. It is slightly higher in the northwest and middle, and slightly lower in the southwest and East. More than 90% of the land elevation (with Wusong elevation 0 m as reference) is between 3.21 m and 4.20 M.

Changxing Island in Chongming district is located in Jiangnan waterway outside Wusongkou. The island is banded, 26.8km long from east to west and 214km wide from south to north. In the south, there is a deep water coastline of nearly 20 kilometers, with the general water depth of - 12 meters to - 16 meters and the deepest depth of - 22 meters. It can dock 300000 DWT ships.

Hengsha Island in Chongming district is an island at the easternmost end of the Yangtze River Estuary, facing the river on three sides and the sea on one side. The island is conch shaped, about 12 kilometers long from north to South and 8 kilometers wide from east to west. The average altitude is 2.8 meters. The surrounding coastline is more than 30 kilometers, of which the south end has about 2 kilometers of deep water coastline, with a water depth of about - 12 meters.

soil

There are three soil types in Chongming District, including paddy soil, fluvo aquic soil and saline soil, and eight soil genera and 35 soil species. The thickness of the soil layer is generally 3 to 5 inches. The three soil types are distributed in a strip shape extending from east to west and arranged from north to south. Paddy soil is mainly distributed in Haiqiao, Sanxing, Hezuo, Miaozhen, Jiangkou, Gangxi, Chengqiao townships and Aoshan, Xinhe, Shihe, Baozhen, Wubi, Xianghua, Jibang, Chenjiazhen townships along the South Hengyin River, accounting for 49.87% of the total cultivated land in the region; tidal soil is mainly distributed in LvHua, Gangdong, Jianshe, Xinmin, Daxin, Gangyan, Hexing, Yu'an townships and Aoshan Shihe, Baozhen, wupeng, Xianghua, Jibang, Chenjia and other townships along the South Hengyin River, accounting for 39.99% of the total cultivated land in the region; saline soil is mainly distributed in the coastal areas along the river from northwest to northeast, accounting for 10.14% of the total cultivated land in the region.

climate

Chongming district is located in the north subtropical monsoon area, with four distinct seasons, mild and humid climate, abundant sunshine, abundant rain, and annual average temperature of 16.5 ℃, belonging to the subtropical monsoon climate. 9 hours of sunshine and 236 days of frost free period. Chongming district is surrounded by the river and the sea, with abundant rainfall. The average annual rainfall is 1128.9 mm, and the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 80% all the year round.

hydrology

Chongming district is located at the estuary of the Yangtze River. The three islands of Chongming, Changxing and Hengsha are all affected by the coastal tides. They belong to the plain tidal river network area. The tides around them belong to the irregular shallow semidiurnal tide type, and the flow direction is basically reciprocating.

natural resources

plant resources

In Chongming District, in addition to Phragmites australis, polygonatum odoratum and Polygonatum sibiricum, there are various kinds of grasses throughout the District, such as purslane (also known as wuxingcao and changshuacai, commonly known as zhuanzhucao), motherwort (also known as douyuecao and baihuayimu), Xanthium sibiricum (also known as rolled ear, linger, changsicai, chistoupo and gouercao), and pelan (commonly known as orchid, dazelan, baby chrysanthemum, qianjincao and shengtoucao) (commonly known as Maoer eye grass, milkvetch grass, pour poison umbrella, a umbrella, dragon tiger grass

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