Chicheng County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province

Chicheng County, under Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, is located in the east of Zhangjiakou City, the upper reaches of the Baihe River, with Beijing in the East and Bashang grassland in the north. It is known as the "Pearl outside the Great Wall" and "water city in the north of Beijing". The outer Great Wall winds through the territory. The Ming Dynasty set up the Red Castle, and the Qing Dynasty changed it to Chicheng County. It is named after Chicheng mountain. Agricultural products include millet, corn, sorghum, potato, naked oats, etc. The forest and animal husbandry in mountainous areas are relatively developed. Minerals include coal, iron, asbestos, copper, etc. Industries include building materials, mining, machinery, chemical fertilizer, etc. Scenic spots include Chicheng hot spring, Chongguang tower, Huguo temple, etc. Dushikou is an important pass of the Great Wall.

Chicheng County is one of the 14 counties (cities) around the capital green economic circle in Hebei Province. Chicheng County is a provincial Garden County in Hebei Province. In 2007, Chicheng County won the title of "national green well-off county". On September 25, 2018, it won the honorary title of "2018 e-commerce into rural comprehensive demonstration county" of the Ministry of Commerce. On January 25, 2019, it was selected as the national "safe agricultural machinery" Demonstration County in 2018. On February 29, 2020, we will withdraw from the sequence of poverty-stricken counties and officially lift off the hat.

Historical evolution

Chicheng is located in Wangyun county (now Yunzhou) in Liao Dynasty, and Yunzhou is located in Yuansheng county (now Yunzhou). Chicheng County was first set up in 1694 to September 1958, when Longguan county (named Longmen in the Tang Dynasty) was merged into one, still known as Chicheng. County government began in Longguan, and then moved to Chicheng. Therefore, the historical evolution of Chicheng should include the part of Longguan. Longguan is close to Xuanhua (ancient Shanggu county) and Zhuolu (ancient Xialuo County, Guangning County, Xinzhou and Fengsheng county).

Ancient times, Longguan ancient Jinyun land. Yao divided the world into Kyushu, and at that time Longguan belonged to Jizhou. Shun zhaotian twelve states, divided into Jizhou northeast for Youzhou, at this time Longguan is Youzhou.

In the Xia Dynasty, Yu was merged into Kyushu, and Longguan, like Chicheng, belonged to Jizhou.

In the Shang and Zhou dynasties, Chicheng belonged to Youzhou, while Longguan still belonged to Jizhou.

During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, Chicheng and Longguan belonged to the state of Yan.

In the Qin Dynasty, in the 26th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty, the world was divided into 36 counties, one of which was called Shanggu. At this time, Chicheng and Longguan belonged to Shanggu.

During the Han Dynasty, Chicheng belonged to Shanggu County of Youzhou in the former Han Dynasty. It was located in the north of nuqi county (today's diao'e), which was Zaoyang of doubi county. At this time, Longguan belonged to nuqi county.

In the later Han Dynasty (25-220), Chicheng was located in the northern part of Xialuo County, Shanggu County, Youzhou. According to Xuanhua Fu Zhi, there is only Xialuo in Jun Guo Zhi, but there is no record that Xialuo is connected with nuqi. According to the annals of prefectures and states, "the names of counties listed in the historical books before, but those not recorded in the annals of prefectures and states, were all deleted by merging places during the reign of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty." Nuqi and Xialuo land border, then nuqi merged into Xialuo can be imagined. At this time, Longguan also belonged to Youzhou Shanggu county and Xialuo county because of the incorporation of nuqi into Xialuo county.

In Jin Dynasty, Chicheng was in the north of Xialuo County, Guangning County, Youzhou. Guangning County (the county is now Zhuolu county) belonged to Shanggu before. During the Taikang period, there was a county commander in charge of three counties: Xialuo, pan and Zhuolu. It is said in Longguan county annals that the land of Longguan was attacked by shile from the beginning of Jin Dynasty, and turned back to Duan pitui, which is also Xianbei species. Later, Zhao, Murong, Fu Qin, Hou Yan, Tuoba, Wei and Hu invaded each other, and then they trampled and abandoned each other.

During the northern and Southern Dynasties, Chicheng was located in the northern part of Guangning County, Yanzhou, and was one of the six major military towns in the Northern Wei Dynasty. According to shuijingzhu, "Xialuo is the seat of Guangning County and Guangning County in Yanzhou of Northern Wei Dynasty." According to the book of Wei, the chronicle of Emperor Ming, "in 423, the Great Wall was built in the south of Changchuan (Changchuan City, now Xinghe County in Inner Mongolia). It is more than 2000 Li long from Chicheng to Wuyuan."

In the Northern Qi Dynasty, Chicheng belonged to Changning and Yongfeng counties of northern Yanzhou. According to geography annals of Sui Dynasty, "Guangning set up north Yanzhou in the Northern Qi Dynasty, and governed Changning and Yongfeng counties." "At this time, Changning County was set to the west of Zhuolu, Yongfeng county was set to the East, and Chicheng area should belong to Yongfeng County," the old chronicles said Longguan also belonged to North Yanzhou at this time.

In the Later Zhou Dynasty, Chicheng and Longguan belonged to Yanzhou. According to geographical records of the Sui Dynasty, the word "Bei" was removed in the Later Zhou Dynasty in northern Yanzhou of Qi Dynasty.

In the Sui Dynasty, Chicheng and Longguan belonged to Huairong county (now Huailai County) of Zhuo county. "Geography records of the Sui Dynasty" records: "in the early years of kaihuang (the title of Emperor Wen Yang Jian of the Sui Dynasty), Changning and Yongfeng counties were abandoned. In the early years of Daye (the name of Yang Guang of Sui Dynasty), northern Yanzhou was abandoned. " "Liao history · geography records" states: "the Sui Dynasty abandoned northern Yanzhou and changed it into Huairong County, belonging to Zhuo county."

In the early Tang Dynasty, beiyanzhou was restored to Guizhou (now Huailai County) and Huairong County, Guichuan county. Later, it was changed to Xinzhou (Zhuolu county). At that time, Chicheng was the northern border of Longmen County (now Longguan). According to the book of the Tang Dynasty geography annals, "in 626, the tenth year of Wude (the year of Li Yuan, Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty), gaokaidao was equalled, beiyanzhou was established, and the old name of the Northern Qi Dynasty was restored. In 634, the eighth year of Zhenguan (the year of Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty) was changed to Guizhou."

In Song Dynasty and Northern Song Dynasty, Chicheng and Longmen were the regions of Liao Dynasty, that is, Liao Dynasty. Chicheng is located in Wangyun county (now Yunzhou township) of Fengsheng state (Zhuolu county) on Xijing Road, where Wuding army is on a festival. Longguan is Longmen County, Wuding, Fengsheng Prefecture. According to the geographical records of Liao history, Fengsheng Prefecture was originally a new prefecture (now Zhuolu) in the Tang Dynasty. When Shi Jingtang ceded the sixteen prefectures of Yanyun in the later Jin Dynasty, he dedicated them to Qidan and upgraded them to four counties, namely Yongxing, Fanshan, Longmen and Wangyun.

In the Southern Song Dynasty, Chicheng and Longguan were the regions of Jin Dynasty. Chicheng is located in Wangyun County, Dexing prefecture (Zhuolu), Xijing road. Longguan is located in Longmen County, Dexing Prefecture. According to the geographical records of the history of Jin Dynasty, Dexing Prefecture was a new state in the later Jin Dynasty, a Fengsheng state in the Liao Dynasty, and a Fengsheng state at the beginning of Jin Dynasty. Jin Da'an (Wanyan Yongji's name) was promoted to Fu in 1209. It has jurisdiction over six counties: Dexing (now Zhuolu), Guichuan (now Huailai), Jinshan (now Yanqing), Wangyun (now Chicheng Yunzhou), Fanshan (now Zhuolu) and Longmen (now Chicheng Longguan). Another note: "Chicheng used to be the place of wangyunchuan, where the emperors of Liao Dynasty often lived, and it was called Yuzhuang."

In Yuan Dynasty, Chicheng was the Chicheng station of Yunzhou (today's Yunzhou) on Shangdu (today's Inner Mongolia Zhenglan Banner East) road. It is a post station on Wangyun post road under the command of Yunzhou, Shangdu Road (see the strategic position of Chicheng in Ming Dynasty for details). According to the geographical records of the Yuan Dynasty, "Yunzhou was the place of wangyunchuan, and Qidan (Liao) was located in wangyunxian, which remained unchanged in the Jin Dynasty. In 1263, Kublai Khan, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, promoted Wangyun county to Yunzhou, and the prefecture government was located in Wangyun county. In the second year of the Zhiyuan period (1265), the county was abolished. " In the 28th year of Zhiyuan (1291), Longmen Town, Xuande prefecture (now Xuanhua), was upgraded to Wangyun County, which was abandoned and belonged to Yunzhou. Therefore, Longguan was Longmen town of Xuande Prefecture in the early Yuan Dynasty. Wangyun county was restored to Longmen town in the 28th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1291), and it belonged to Wangyun County of Yunzhou in Shangdu road.

In the Ming Dynasty, Chicheng was the commander of Wanquan (now Wanquan county), which was the highest local military organization set up in the Ming Dynasty Red Castle, commander. XuanZhen North Road is also called Dushi Road (see the strategic position of Chicheng in Ming Dynasty for details). It is also divided into Shangbei Road, Zhongbei road and Xiabei Road, namely Dushi Road, Banbidian Road, maoeryu Road, Qingquan Road, Yunzhou Road, Zhen'an Road, Junzi Road, Songshu Road, Maying Road, Cangshang Road, Zhenning road and Chicheng road; Muma Road, longmensuo Road, Xuntian Road, dishuiya Road, changshandi Road and Ningyuan road are Xiabei road; Jinjiazhuang Road, longmengwei Road, Sanchakou Road, diao'e road and Changan Road The ridge is Zhongbei road. At that time, Longguan was called Longmen guard.

In the early Qing Dynasty, Chicheng was a castle. In 1694, it was established in Chicheng County. According to the general annals of Jifu, Chicheng still belonged to Chicheng castle on Shangbei road of Xuanfu town in the early Qing Dynasty, and it was changed to Chicheng County in the 32nd year of Kangxi. Kaipingwei (now dushikou), Yunzhou, longmensuo, Zhen'an, Maying, Zhenning and dishuiya were merged into Xuanhua Prefecture. Longguan was still Longmen guard in the early Qing Dynasty. In the 32nd year of Kangxi, Longmen guard was abolished and Longmen County was restored.

Throughout the history of Chicheng, as the "Chicheng County annals" said: "the chibianyuan (side wall, that is, the Great Wall) occupies half of the whole mansion (Xuanhua mansion), vertical and horizontal straight, both ancient battlefields. In the early Ming Dynasty, Kaiping was moved to Kaiping (Kaiping Weizhi was moved to Dushi), and the foreign barriers were removed (the barriers against foreign tribes were removed by themselves), which had already changed into civil engineering. Maying and Dushi were in fact destroyed by ants. In Jiajing, the border officials were prepared and guarded. Yu Bei Road (that is, Dushi Road) you san salutes Yan. However, the county is the leader of Xuanfu and the key of Shenzhou. "

At the beginning of the Republic of China, the system of Luli was changed to the system of district and village.

According to the general annals of Chahar Province, Chicheng County was divided into four districts in 1919, with 184 villages under its jurisdiction.

The first district governs county towns, shuangshanzhai, zhenningbao, yemapan, etc., with a total of 54 villages in one town.

The second district governs dushikou Town, mayingpu, etc., with a total of 46 villages in one town.

The second district governs longmensuo Town, sampianpu, xunziansi, dishuiya, etc., with 59 villages in one town.

The Fourth District governs Yunzhou fort, maoeryu fort, etc., with a total of 25 villages.

During the Anti Japanese War, the Anti Japanese democratic regime was restored in January 1945, and Chicheng County was divided into eight districts with 217 administrative villages: Chengguan District with 39 years' administrative villages, Maying district with 30 administrative villages, longmensuo district with 26 administrative villages, Xiantian district with 20 administrative villages, zhenningbao district with 26 administrative villages, dushikou district with 28 administrative villages, Yunzhou district with 28 administrative villages, Houcheng district with 36 administrative villages Village.

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Chinese PinYin : He Bei Sheng Zhang Jia Kou Shi Chi Cheng Xian