Xichuan County, Nanyang City, Henan Province

Xichuan County Xichuan County is a county under the jurisdiction of Nanyang City, Henan Province. It is located in the southwest border of Henan Province and the golden area at the junction of Henan, Hubei and Shaanxi provinces. It is named after the formation of a hundred Li alluvial plain through the territory of Xishui. The terrain of Xichuan is dangerous, and it is easy to defend and difficult to attack during the ancient war period. It is known as "the Central Plains is not in war, but the Xijing military moves". With a total area of 2820 square kilometers, the county governs 17 townships (streets) and 499 villages (communities). By the end of 2018, the total population was 724600, and the permanent resident population was 626100.

Xichuan, known as Danyang in ancient times, has a long history and splendid culture. It is one of the birthplaces of Chu culture. During the spring and Autumn period, Danyang was the first capital of the state of Chu. In the 800 year history of the state of Chu, Danyang was the capital for more than 300 years. The Chu people took Danyang as the starting point, took the power to dominate the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States Period, opened up territory, and went all the way to the south. They unified more than 50 small countries, became the southern hegemony, and created a splendid culture. It once gave birth to a generation of influential historical figures, such as Fan Li, a sage of Shang Dynasty, Fan Ye, a historian and fan Zhen, a materialist thinker.

Xichuan County is the largest immigrant County in China, and has been awarded the honorary titles of "hometown of Chinese folk culture and art", "national safe fishery demonstration county", "national advanced county of scientific and technological progress". In 2015, Xichuan was rated as "national advanced cultural county" by the Ministry of culture of the people's Republic of China. In 2017, the national development and Reform Commission issued the notice on defining the types of new national key ecological function areas, and Xichuan County was selected as "national key ecological function areas". The second batch of water-saving society construction standard counties (districts).

In 2018, the annual GDP reached 22.885 billion yuan, an increase of 7.7% over the previous year. The added value of the primary industry was 3813.43 million yuan, an increase of 3.6% over the previous year; the added value of the secondary industry was 10674.49 million yuan, an increase of 7.5% over the previous year; the added value of the tertiary industry was 8397.2 million yuan, an increase of 10.2% over the previous year. The ratio of three industries is 16.7:46.6:36.7. On February 26, 2020, the people's Government of Henan Province approved Xichuan County to withdraw from poverty-stricken counties, officially lifting its hat.

Historical evolution

Xichuan has a long history. As early as 700000 years ago, human beings lived here.

During the reign of Yao and Shun, Xichuan was the fief of Danzhu, Shun's son.

In the Western Zhou Dynasty, Xichuan was the fiefdom of Xiong Yi of Chu nationality.

In the spring and Autumn period, Xichuan belonged to the state of Chu and its vassal state. Danyang, the capital of Chu (now submerged by Danjiangkou reservoir), was in Xichuan.

During the Warring States period, the northwest part of Xichuan was the place of the Shang and Yu of the state of Qin, and the rest was Danxi of the state of Chu. In 313 B.C., Zhang Yi of the state of Qin deceived King Huai of Chu and asked him to break off diplomatic relations with the state of Qi in exchange for 600 Li commercial land of the state of Qin. King Huai was very angry and sent troops to attack the state of Qin. However, the Chu soldiers were defeated by the Qin army in the area of Danshui and Xishui in today's Xichuan.

In the Qin Dynasty, in the 26th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty, Danshui county was set up, which governs Siwan town in Xichuan.

In the Han Dynasty, in the early years of emperor Cheng of the Western Han Dynasty (around 31 BC), Liu Ao was granted the title of Shunyang Marquis, the third son of Liu Yin, king of Qing of Jiaodong. The title of the title was located in the area of liguanqiao town. After the death of emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty, Liu Xin, Emperor AI of the Han Dynasty, succeeded to the throne, granted Kong Guang jianlie Marquis of Boshan, and changed Shunyang county to Boshan county. Wang Xianqian of the Qing Dynasty called it Kong Guangguo, belonging to Nanyang County.

Shunyang county was established in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In 208, Cao Cao conquered Jingzhou and set up Nanxiang County in the west of Nanyang County, which was renamed Shunyang County in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Xieyang county was set up, under which Xieyang county and dongeyang county were governed. Dongeyang county was located in the area of today's Madeng Town, later renamed Xichuan County.

It was incorporated into Neixiang County in the Later Zhou Dynasty.

At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Xichuan County was restored and its administrative office was located in Madeng. In 620, the third year of Wude of Tang Dynasty, Xizhou was established, which governed Xichuan County, Danshui county and Shunyang county. In the eighth year of Zhenguan (634), Xizhou was abolished and Xichuan was changed to Dengzhou, the east of Shannan.

During the Five Dynasties, Ten Kingdoms and Northern Song Dynasty, Xichuan was under the jurisdiction of Dengzhou.

In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Xichuan was incorporated into Neixiang County.

In the Ming Dynasty, a large number of refugees poured into Xichuan. In the third year of Xuande (1428 A.D.), only the hungry people from Shanxi Province migrated to Nanyang counties for no less than 100000. In March of the first year of Chenghua (1465 A.D.), Liu Tong, a Western Chinese from Henan Province, held an uprising among tens of thousands of refugees in Xichuan. In the spring of 1470 A.D., the Ming government agreed to set up Xichuan County and Madeng town. In the seventh year of Chenghua (1471 A.D.), Xichuan County moved from stirrup to the old city (already flooded). Gu Yishan, the chief inspector of Henan Province, went to Xichuan to investigate and select sites in person, and wrote a poem "Xiyang Zhujie". On the 2nd of October in 1633 (the sixth year of Chongzhen), Li Zicheng conquered Xichuan city.

In the Qing Dynasty, in the seventh year of Jiaqing (1802), jingziguan town and liguanqiao in Neixiang County became important commercial towns. In 1832, Xichuan County was upgraded to Xichuan hall. In 1905, the newly appointed governor of Henan Province, based on the fact that the boundary of Xichuan was connected with Chu and Shaanxi provinces, and the churches were numerous and needed to strengthen management, promoted Xichuan department from the Department under the jurisdiction of Dao to the Department under the jurisdiction of Zhili of Xichuan Province, and the county magistrate was stationed in jingziguan, which was the Chief Secretary of Henan Province.

In February 1912, the first year of the Republic of China (1912), local gentlemen Quan Zijie, Jin Luqiao, song Lianfang and others of Xichuan responded to the revolution of 1911 and declared the independence of Xichuan, which ended the rule of Qing Dynasty in Xichuan. In March 1913, Xichuan hall was abolished and changed to Xichuan County. In 1915, Xichuan tung oil, raw lacquer, Shimian and Jinsha participated in the "Panama world expo" in the United States. In late December 1923, Baofeng bandits were killed In September 1929, Xichuan and Deng County, Neixiang and Zhenping formed a joint defense, which was called Wanxi joint defense, or Wanxi autonomy. In 1932, the Fourth Front Red Army went west through Xichuan and armed the peasants at the border of Deng and Xi. In May 1940, the Japanese bombed Xichuan County. In 1935, the party organization was established in Xichuan to avoid Japan In early June 1944, Henan University moved to jingziguan town.

In 1945, the Japanese army invaded Xichuan wantonly. On April 2, Xichuan County was occupied. After that, the Kuomintang army fought fiercely with the Japanese army.

In May 1948, the people's liberation army conquered Xichuan County, and established the people's democratic government of Xichuan County, which belongs to Nanyang district administrative office. The Kuomintang's rule in Xichuan for more than 30 years ended.

In 1959, after repeatedly comparing the sites of eight new counties, such as Siwan, Kafang and Shangji, Xichuan County finally chose Shangji Town, which is 40 km away from the old town, to build a new county. The seat of the government was moved from the old town to the present Shangji town. In August 1960, due to the impoundment of Danjiangkou reservoir, 548400 mu of land including shunyangchuan, danyangchuan and banqiaochuan, the most affluent areas in Xichuan, was flooded.

In 1951, Xiping town of Xichuan County was divided into Xixia County; ximiaogang Township, Dongxiang district was divided into Neixiang County; at the same time, it was merged into liguanqiao District of Neixiang County. In December 1972, 56 production teams and 573 production teams of jiuzhong and Houpo communes originally belonging to Deng county were assigned to Xichuan County. Therefore, Taocha village, jiuzhong Town, where the canal head of the middle route of the south to North Water Diversion Project is located, was assigned to Xichuan County.

Xichuan is rich in tourism resources. It is the core water source and headworks of the middle route of South to North Water Diversion, the largest water diversion project in the world. It has Danjiangkou reservoir, the largest artificial freshwater lake in Asia, the first canal head in the world, the canal head of the Middle Route Project of South to North Water Diversion, the national key cultural relics protection units, such as Xiangyan temple and jingziguan ancient town, Danjiang Grand View Garden, Baxian cave, zuzen Valley, Shenxian Cave Scenic Area, Danjiang wet land National Nature Reserve, etc., which are eight tourism Hotlines in Henan Province one of. It has become a famous tourism city in the Central Plains and a hot domestic tourism city with the south to North Water Diversion Project headwork eco-tourism belt as the leader.

administrative division

As of April 2012, Xichuan County has jurisdiction over 4 townships (Dashiqiao Township, Maotang Township, Xihuang Township and Taohe township), 11 towns (jingziguan Town, Siwan Town, Xianghua Town, jiuzhong Town, Houpo Town, Laocheng Town, Madeng Town, Shangji Town, shengwan Town, Jinhe town and cangfang town), and 2 sub district offices (Longcheng sub district office and shangsheng sub district office).

geographical environment

position

Xichuan County is located in the southwest of Henan Province, on the western edge of Nanyang Basin, adjacent to Shaanxi Province and Hubei Province. Its geographical coordinates are 32 ° 55 ′ - 33 ° 23 ′ N and 110 ° 58 ′ - 111 ° 53 ′ E.

terrain

Xichuan is a horseshoe shaped terrain which protrudes from the northwest to the southeast. The northwest is low mountainous area, the middle is hilly area, and the southeast is hilly area and alluvial plain area. Danjiangkou reservoir, the largest artificial lake in Asia, is located in the south of Xichuan. The northern and northwestern parts of the county belong to the south side of Funiu Mountain, which is an extension of the eastern part of Qinling Mountains. The mountain is roughly east-west. The mountain ranges with an altitude of about 900 meters are continuous from north to south. There are Qinling Mountains and Daba Mountains in the western and southwestern parts of the county. The elevation of the East-West peaks of Zoumaling, which borders Hubei Province, is 1033 meters and 1086 meters respectively. The east side of Danjiangkou reservoir belongs to the southwest edge of Nanyang Basin, with flat ridge and hill shape.

climate

Xichuan is a monsoon climate zone in the transition from the north subtropical zone to the warm temperate zone. The four seasons are characterized by rapid warming in spring (March may), more southeast wind, severe temperature rise and fall, more overcast and rainy weather in April, and often strong wind in May. In summer (from June to August), the rainfall is concentrated and the drought and flood are uneven. In early summer, the rainfall is mostly dry, and in middle and later summer, the rainfall is more. Autumn (September to November) is cool and rainy. In late autumn, the temperature drops rapidly and the rainfall drops sharply. In winter (December February), the northwest is windy, dry and cold. Due to the natural barrier of Qinling and Funiu Mountains in the northwest and the two lines of defense formed by the mountains in the northwest, the cold air mass in the north is blocked to a certain extent

Chinese PinYin : He Nan Sheng Nan Yang Shi Xi Chuan Xian