Ningjin County, Dezhou City, Shandong Province

Ningjin County, subordinate to Dezhou City, Shandong Province, is located in the northwest of Shandong Province at the junction of Hebei and Shandong. It is adjacent to Leling City in the East, lianling city in the south, Zhangweixin River in the West and North, and Wuqiao, Dongguang and Nanpi counties in Hebei Province across the river, with a total area of 833 square kilometers.

Ningjin County has a national first-class cultural relic, the pottery building of Han Dynasty, the official mosque built in the Yongle period of Ming Dynasty, the exotic tree Robinia pseudoacacia that has been living together for hundreds of years, and the unique flavor of "three famous foods" official steamed bun, Daliu noodles and Baodian donkey meat.

In 2018, Ningjin County governs two streets, nine towns and one Township, with a total population of 492136, realizing a GDP of 22.919 billion yuan, of which the added value of the primary industry is 2.251 billion yuan, the added value of the secondary industry is 11.798 billion yuan, the added value of the tertiary industry is 8.87 billion yuan, the industrial structure ratio is 9.8:51.5:38.7, and the per capita GDP is 49014 yuan.

Historical evolution

The origin of place names

It was originally named Linjin County, and got its name from Linjin river. In the autumn of 1128, the county seat was destroyed in Dashui. It moved eastward to the present site and was renamed Ningjin County.

History of construction

In the Xia Dynasty, Ningjin was the land of Youji. According to the Song Dynasty's Lu Shi Guo Ming Ji, "you have the surname of Xiang, the feudal land of Xia princes, so it's named because it's near Xiang Jin.". The ancient Xijin river was in the south of Ningjin County, and it was called Xiguo in Shang Dynasty.

The Western Zhou Dynasty belongs to Wudi city of Qi.

The spring and Autumn period is the place of Qi. In the 36th year of King Nan of Zhou Dynasty (279 BC), Yan, Zhao, Qin, Wei and South Korea United to attack Qi. General Lian Po of Zhao led his troops to break through the Qi army's defense line in Ningjin. After the defeat of Qi army, Ningjin County belonged to Zhao.

In 256 BC, linleyi was established in gengjiaquan village, northwest of Ningjin County.

After the unification of the six states in Qin Dynasty, the county system was implemented, and Ningjin was linle county. In the 26th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (221 BC), there were ten li and one Pavilion in each county, and Hu Su Pavilion (now Baodian town in the west of Ningjin city) in Hejian. Later, an administrative organ at the pavilion level was set up below the county level, with a pavilion leader and a pavilion marquis.

In the Han Dynasty, in the fifth year of emperor Gaodi (202 BC), Bohai Prefecture was set up, belonging to 26 counties. The third is Dongguang County (now in the west of Ningjin County), the sixteenth is linle county (now in the north of Ningjin County), and the eighteenth is Chongping County (now in the south of Ningjin County). Among them, according to the Hanshu Prince Hou table, from the third year of Yuanshuo, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty when he was granted Marquis Liu Lailai to Guangdu, Marquis of linle when Wang Mang usurped the throne, there are records of all previous Marquis of linle.

In Wang Mang's time, in the first year of the founding of Xinmang (9 years), linle was changed into leting county.

In the later Han Dynasty, Chongping and leting were abandoned, and Ningjin County was divided into Dongguang, Nanpi, Leling and Xiang counties.

During the Three Kingdoms period, in the 10th year of Wei Jian'an (205), Xinle county was established in the Three Kingdoms period, belonging to Leling county.

In 266, the second year of Taishi in the Western Jin Dynasty, the county was changed to the state, and Ningjin was the Xinle County of Leling state. "Taikang Ji" of the Jin Dynasty said: "Leling is a state-owned Xinle County, that is, linle county is changed."

After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the later Zhao Dynasty, the former Yan Dynasty, the former Qin Dynasty, the later Yan Dynasty, and the Southern Yan Dynasty, Xinle county has been established. In the Northern Dynasty, Chongping county was established in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Husu County in the Eastern Wei Dynasty, Chongping County in the Northern Qi Dynasty, and Husu County in the Sui Dynasty.

In the Tang Dynasty, Hu Su County was established. In the sixth year of Wude (623) of the Tang Dynasty, Cangzhou moved to Husu, which was renamed Anshui county. In the first year of Zhenguan (627) of the Tang Dynasty, Husu county was restored. In 742, Hu Su was renamed Linjin county.

In the Song Dynasty, Linjin was assigned to Nanpi County in 1073.

In the Jin Dynasty, Linjin county was restored in the fifth year of jintianhui (1127), and Ningjin border was restored. In the autumn of 1128, the county government moved eastward to Ningjin County.

Ningjin County was still in yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and it was renamed Zhenhua County in 1943.

Ningjin County has been restored since 1949.

administrative division

By 2018, Ningjin County has two streets, nine towns and one township. Ningjin County People's Government in Jincheng Street.

geographical environment

Location context

Ningjin County is located between 37 ° 31 ′ - 37 ° 51 ′ N and 116 ° 30 ′ - 117 ° 02 ′ e, with a total area of 833 square kilometers. It is located in the center of Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang and Jinan megalopolis, adjacent to Tianjin Binhai New Area in the north, provincial capital city cluster economic circle in the south, and efficient ecological economic zone of the Yellow River Delta in the East. It is 300 kilometers away from Beijing in the north, 200 kilometers away from Tianjin in the north, 110 kilometers away from Jinan in the south, 240 kilometers away from Shijiazhuang in the west, and 400 kilometers away from Qingdao in the East.

topographic features

Ningjin County is located in the Yellow River flood plain in the east of North China Plain. The landform of Ningjin County is high in the southwest and low in the East. There are three kinds of Plains: Ancient floodplain, gentle slope and depression. There are gentle hills and river channels in some parts. The ground is formed as the impact landform of the Yellow River with high, slope, depression and sand alternate distribution.

The geomorphology of Ningjin County is a part of Bohai sag in North China platform. The depression formed earlier, about in the late Paleozoic. Along with the uplift of Taishan, Taihang, Yanshan and other highlands. Part of the plain declined and began to take shape. During the Himalayan movement in the middle of the tertiary, the Bohai depression dropped sharply below the sub sea level and became a sea water intrusion zone. Until the Middle Pleistocene, most of North China was shallow sea. After that, the internal stress weakened and the external stress strengthened, the rivers dominated by the Yellow River continued to flood, and the sediment filled and deposited, which made the ground rise continuously and the sea water retreat eastward. After many vicissitudes, the vast and flat Yellow River floodplain with deep Quaternary sediments was gradually formed.

Climatic characteristics

Ningjin County is located in warm temperate semi humid and semi-arid area, with obvious monsoon continental climate, belonging to warm temperate semi humid monsoon climate. Ningjin County has four distinct seasons. In spring, it has less precipitation, high wind speed and dry climate; in summer, it has high temperature, high humidity and more precipitation. The precipitation period is generally concentrated in July and August; in autumn, the weather is cool, the precipitation is less, the days are sunny, the wind and light are sufficient; in winter, the temperature is cold, the rain and snow are rare. Ningjin County has abundant light and pleasant climate. The average annual sunshine is 2658.6 hours, and the average temperature over the years is 12.5 ℃. The hottest month is July, and the average temperature is 26.5 ℃; the coldest month is January, and the average temperature is - 3.5 ℃. Ningjin County has abundant rainfall. The annual average annual precipitation is 521.0 mm, the highest is 1145.6 mm (1961), the lowest is 255.7 mm (1965); the annual average precipitation days is 65 days, and the average snowfall days is 11 days. The average pressure is 1015.1 HPA. The annual average wind speed is 3.0 m / s, and the dominant wind direction is south south west wind with a frequency of 15%.

Water system hydrology

Ningjin County was the place of Jiuhe River in ancient times, and now it is the Haihe River Basin. The River belongs to Zhangweixin River and Majia river system. There are many key rivers in the county, such as Jiajin River, Husu River, ancient Yellow River, sinuguijian River (now known as Zhangweixin River), Ningjin New River, ningbei River, Ningnan River, main channel of diverting Yellow River, zhangxigangou, etc. It is 252.58 km long in Ningjin and has a radial water system from west to East. The total annual water storage is 5.687 million cubic meters.

Soil type

The parent material of soil in Ningjin County is the Quaternary alluvium of Yellow River. Under the comprehensive effect of topography, time, climate and biological factors, after long-term production activities, the parent material is gradually transformed into soil. Due to the flooding of the Yellow River and the surface runoff, the soil mass has formed three categories, five subclasses, five soil genera and seventy-two soil species: fluvo aquic soil, saline soil and aeolian sandy soil.

natural resources

water resource

Ningjin County water resources, mainly surface water and groundwater.

surface water

The surface water in Ningjin County is mainly natural atmospheric water and surface river water.

Atmospheric water: the annual average amount of precipitation falling to the ground in the form of rain and snow in the whole county is about 580.9 mm. The average annual precipitation in rainy years is 850 mm, and that in dry years is about 400 mm. The annual precipitation from June to September is the most, which generally accounts for 78.6% of the annual precipitation. The average depth of surface runoff generated by rainfall is 47.6 mm, and the runoff is 38.89 million cubic meters. The largest year is 1961, and the runoff is 228.02 million cubic meters. Because most of the runoff is produced in flood years and flood seasons, it has little practical value. Due to the limited conditions of hurdle storage, most of them discharge eastward, and the real use of hurdle storage is 5.687 million cubic meters, accounting for only 14.56% of the runoff.

River water: there are Zhujiahe River, Ningnan River, ningjinxin River and ningbei River in Ningjin County, as well as the main channel of diverting Yellow River and zhangxigangou, and Zhangweixin River in the west of the county. The average flow of river water in normal years is 112.402 million cubic meters, with the highest annual flow of 121.747 million cubic meters. The ditches in the county are matched, with the utilization rate of 46.86%.

groundwater

Ningjin County belongs to the Yellow River alluvial plain. The Neogene and Quaternary sediments are very thick. Most of the underground water bearing rocks are mainly silty fine sand, and the underground water is actually sand pore water. The total reserves of shallow water are 455 million cubic meters. Among them, fresh water is 415 million cubic meters. According to the data of 1981, the annual precipitation recharge is 46.958 million cubic meters, and the irrigation return is 8.473 million cubic meters. The river channel infiltration is 34.099 million cubic meters.

plant resources

Materials

Ningjin County has suitable natural conditions, fast growth of trees and rich natural forest resources. There are 64 species belonging to 43 genera of 30 families in the county. Among them, Ulmus pumila, Salix matsudana and Populus accounted for 89.6%.

Forage

There are 105 species belonging to 64 genera, 44 families in Ningjin County.

There are 500 species of wild forage plants belonging to 300 genera and 150 families in the county. Among them, the larger groups are: reed, silver grass, Artemisia, alfalfa, yellow clover, maotaisha, shudaicao, Buddha nail, luoshenzhu, Bodhisattva, Azolla, Verbena, Setaria, knotweed, vanilla, Tribulus terrestris

Chinese PinYin : Shan Dong Sheng De Zhou Shi Ning Jin Xian