Qufu City, Jining City, Shandong Province

Qufu, a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Shandong Province, is managed by Jining City. The hometown of Confucius is the birthplace of the Yellow Emperor, the former capital of Shennong, the former capital of Shang and Yin, and the capital of Zhou, Han and Lu. It is an important birthplace of Oriental culture, known as the "holy city of the East", and also known as the "Oriental Jerusalem". It is located in the southwest of Shandong Province, 135 km away from Jinan, the capital of Shandong Province, with Sishui in the East, Yanzhou in the west, Zoucheng in the South and Taishan in the north. It has jurisdiction over 8 towns, 4 streets and 457 villages, with a total area of 815 square kilometers and a total population of 649900. In 2019, the city's GDP will reach 35.506 billion yuan and the general public budget revenue will reach 2.5 billion yuan.

Qufu, the ancient capital of Lu, is rich in tourism resources and rich in culture. It is one of the first batch of 24 famous historical and cultural cities announced by the State Council and named as the first batch of excellent tourism cities in China. The world cultural heritage of Confucius Temple, Confucius Mansion and Confucius forest has a long history, and the "new three Confucius" of Nishan holy land, Confucius Museum and Confucius Research Institute are flourishing day by day. There are 14 scenic spots above 3A level in the territory, and the "three holes" scenic spot was rated as national AAAAA level scenic spot in 2007. There are 819 cultural relics sites, 195 cultural relics protection units at all levels, and 205 intangible cultural heritages.

Qufu is a new transportation hub city in Southwest Shandong Province, where high-speed railways cross in all directions; Qufu is a dynamic entrepreneurial city with rich industries and active market economy; Qufu is a livable green city with beautiful landscape and beautiful ecology, which was first rated as the national advanced city in science and technology progress, National Health City, national garden city and national health city State civilization construction demonstration city, National Forest City, and the first batch of national global tourism demonstration areas are among the top 200 charming cities with Chinese characteristics and the top 200 charming cities with world characteristics.

In November 2013, general secretary Xi Jinping inspected Qufu and put forward the ardent hope of "making Confucius's hometown the national capital area", which pointed out the direction and strong impetus for Qufu's construction and development.

Historical evolution

The name of "Qufu" was first seen in the book of rites. Ying Shao of the Eastern Han Dynasty explained: "there is a Fu in the city of Lu, and Weiqu is seven or eight Li long, so it is named Qufu.".

As early as five or six thousand years ago, the ancestors of the Chinese and the Dongyi people lived here and created the early civilization of mankind. Yandi, Huangdi and SHAOHAO all moved here. In Qufu, Shang was the capital of the state of Yan, and Zhou was the capital of Lu,

As early as ancient times, human ancestors lived and worked in Qufu, which opened up the early material civilization. A large number of "Dawenkou Culture" and "Longshan culture" relics from 4300 BC to 2400 BC were found in the excavation of cultural relics. According to ancient records, four or five thousand years ago, this was the "ruins of the dating clan" where the camp capital of Shennong of the Yan Emperor lived.

Around the end of the 27th century BC, Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor, the "first ancestor of the Chinese people", was born in Shouqiu, Qufu. After the Yellow Emperor, SHAOHAO built the capital of Qufu. It is said that SHAOHAO was 84 years old and lived for 100 years. He was buried in Yunyang mountain, the Shouqiu mountain in the northeast of Qufu City. Together with the two emperors and three kings (Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu), Duke Zhou and Confucius, SHAOHAO was known as the universal sacrifice.

Among the "Three Emperors and five emperors" in ancient Chinese history, four people left traces of activities in Qufu and created a developed ancient civilization. Around the 21st century BC, Qufu belonged to Xuzhou, one of the nine prefectures in the period of Yao and shun. In the Shang Dynasty after the 16th century B.C., Qufu was the capital of the Shang Dynasty, and once became the capital of the Shang Dynasty. In 1046 B.C., King Wu of the Western Zhou Dynasty conquered Zhou and destroyed Shang. King Wu granted his younger brother, Duke Fu of the Zhou Dynasty, the ruler of the king's Kingdom, to Qufu, the ancient capital of the Zhou Dynasty, and established the state as "Lu".

In 249 BC, the state of Chu destroyed Lu and established Lu county. In 249 BC, the state of Chu destroyed Lu and established Lu county,

In the 24th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (223 BC), Qin destroyed Chu and Lu County entered Qin. In 221 B.C., the first emperor of Qin unified China and began to implement the system of prefectures and counties. Lu was Xue County, and the county was governed in Qufu.

In the third year of emperor Jing of Han Dynasty (154 BC), Emperor Liu Qi was renamed Prince and Huainan King Liu Yu as king of Lu, with Lu County as the capital.

In 584, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty changed Lu county to "Wenyang". From the end of the state of Lu to Lu County, Qufu took 833 years to take "Lu" as its name. The county was named Wenyang in 584 and Qufu in 596. It is named for the fact that there is a Fu in the city of Lu, with a winding length of seven or eight Li. In 596, the county was named Qufu.

In the 16th year of kaihuang (598), the name of the county was changed to "Qufu" by imperial edict, and the name of "Qufu" has been used up to now. It was incorporated into Sishui in 627, and Qufu was restored in 634,

During the reign of emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty, it was renamed Xianyuan County in 1012. Xianyuan county is the third ancient city of Qufu after Zhou and Han Lu cities.

In the second year of Jianyan (1129), Emperor Gaozong of Song Dynasty, the Jin soldiers went south, Xianyuan County entered the Jin Dynasty, and the old name of Qufu county was restored. In 1129, the name of Qufu county was restored.

In 1511, the peasant uprising army led by Liu Liu and Liu Qi of Hebei Province "destroyed hundreds of folk houses in Qufu and burned official temples, and the county government became a ruin". Zhu houzhao, Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty, ordered the governor of Shandong to rebuild the new city in the southwest corner of the old city of Lu with the Confucius Temple as the center, which is the existing old city of the Ming Dynasty.

In Qing Dynasty, the local system of Qufu was basically the same as that of Ming Dynasty.

In 1928, it was directly under the jurisdiction of Shandong Province. In 1940, it belonged to Yanji Road. In 1945, it became qusi county together with Surabaya. In 1946, qusi was divided. In the 37th year of the Republic of China (1948), it was subordinate to the fourth special district of central and southern Shandong administrative region, later renamed Nishan special district and Tengxian special district. In the same year, Qufu was liberated.

New China:

At the end of 1945, Qufu and Sishui were called qusi county. In the spring of 1946, Qufu and Sishui were divided.

In 1949, Qufu was subordinate to Tengxian district (located in Tengzhou City). In 1953, Tengxian District moved to Jining, and Qufu was changed to Jining district.

In 1958, Ziyang was incorporated into Qufu. At the beginning of 1962, it was still divided into two counties.

In 1958, Ziyang was incorporated into Qufu. In 1962, Qu and Ziyang were divided and the original system was restored. In 1983, Jining area was changed into a provincial city, and Qufu was still under the jurisdiction of Jining City.

In June 1986, it was changed to a county-level city, which was originally called Qufu City, and was managed by Jining City.

In June 1986, with the approval of the State Council, Qufu county was abolished and Qufu City was established.

administrative division

As of March 2020, Qufu has jurisdiction over 4 streets and 8 towns: Lucheng street, Shuyuan street, Shizhuang street, Xiaoxue street, Wucun Town, Yaocun Town, Lingcheng Town, Nishan Town, Xizou Town, Wangzhuang Town, Shimenshan town and Fangshan town. There are 41 neighborhood committees, 416 village committees and 465 natural villages.

geographical environment

Location context

Qufu is located in the southwestern part of Shandong Province, located in the center of Beijing to Shanghai, and 135 kilometers north of the provincial capital Ji'nan. Taishan in the north, Fuyi in the south, Surabaya in the East and Yanzhou in the West. The maximum vertical distance from north to south is 35.8 km, and the maximum horizontal distance from east to west is 25 km, covering a total area of 815 square kilometers.

topographic features

Qufu is surrounded by mountains in the north, East and south, with more than 100 mountain tops, such as Fenghuang mountain, Jiuxian mountain, Shimen mountain, Fangshan Mountain and Nishan mountain. The central and western parts of Qufu are the alluvial plains of Sihe River and Yihe River, which are located in the transition zone from the hilly area of the south central Shandong Province to the North China Plain, forming the basic terrain of high in the northeast and low in the southwest. The highest point in the territory is Fenghuang Mountain in the north, with an altitude of 548.1 meters. The lowest point is Chengzhuang in the southwest, with an altitude of 47 meters. The altitude of the city center is 60.5 meters.

climate

(climatological data of Qufu, Shandong Province)

hydrology

Qufu belongs to the Nansihu water system of Huaihe River Basin, with 17 rivers, including Sihe River, Yihe River, Liaohe River and Shehe river. Sihe River and Yihe River run through the whole area from east to west, with a total length of 254.3km.

natural resources

Biological resources

There are 135 kinds of flowers in Qufu, among which orchid is the "city flower". There are more than 120 kinds of medicinal materials. There are 140 species and varieties of trees, shrubs, flowers and trees. There are 29 kinds of economic trees, such as apple, peach, apricot, pear and hawthorn. There are 49 ornamental trees such as juniper, cypress, gingko, cedar and clove, among which juniper is the "city tree". There are 26 species of aquatic plants. Livestock and poultry mainly include cattle, horses, donkeys, mules, pigs, sheep, chickens, ducks, geese, rabbits, etc. There are 29 kinds of birds, among which the egret is the "city bird". There are more than 10 species of wild mammals and more than 30 species of insects. Aquatic animals are mainly fish, shrimp, shellfish and so on.

mineral resources

Qufu's mineral resources are mainly building materials, nonmetal minerals and energy minerals. At present, 30 kinds of mineral resources have been found, including 85 deposits and 28 mineralization points. The verified reserves of coal are 930.43 million tons; the verified resources of other non building materials and non metals (limestone, granite, clay for brick and tile) are 13.77158 million cubic meters. The dominant mineral resources are "three stone, three earth, sand, coal and water", namely granite, limestone, dolomite, refractory clay, bentonite, brick clay, construction sand, coal and drinking natural mineral water.

water resource

The total annual water resources of groundwater and surface water in Qufu City is 299.57 million m3, and the average annual exploitable water resources of groundwater and surface water in Qufu City is 208.1 million m3. As of December 2019, there are 258 ponds and dams. There are 41 reservoirs in total, including 1 type II reservoir, 7 type I reservoirs and 33 type II reservoirs, with a total reservoir capacity of 146.854 million m3.

population

In 2019, there will be 649900 permanent residents in Qufu, including 4213000 urban residents and 223000 rural residents

Chinese PinYin : Shan Dong Sheng Ji Ning Shi Qu Fu Shi