Ninghua County, Sanming City, Fujian Province

Ninghua County Ninghua county (formerly belonging to Tingzhou Prefecture Ninghua county) belongs to Sanming City, Fujian Province. It is located in the west of Fujian Province, at the east foot of Wuyi Mountain, adjacent to Mingxi and Qingliu counties in the East, adjacent to Shicheng and Guangchang counties in Jiangxi Province in the west, adjacent to Changting County in the South and Jianning County in the north. It is a major thoroughfare from Fujian to Jiangxi Province. The territory is 78.29 kilometers long from north to South and 68.08 kilometers wide from east to west, with a total area of 2407.19 square kilometers. The main rivers, Dongxi and Xixi, meet in the eastern suburb of the county, called Cuijiang.

Ninghua county is one of the 21 key counties in the former Central Soviet Area during the second Civil Revolutionary War, and one of the four starting points of the Central Red Army's Long March. Ninghua county is one of the Central Soviet area counties, known as "Soviet Ukraine", and enjoys the policy treatment of the western region. At the end of 2011, it was recognized as "the cultural heritage of Chinese geographical names - Millennium ancient county" by the Chinese division of the United Nations group of experts on geographical names. It was named "the hometown of Chinese folk culture and art (Hakka customs)" by Fujian provincial government. On January 25, 2019, it was selected as the national "safe agricultural machinery" Demonstration County in 2018. The top ten counties (cities) of county economic development in Fujian Province in 2019. In April 2020, Ninghua county will reach the conditions for poverty alleviation and exit, and exit from the provincial key counties of poverty alleviation and development in Fujian Province. On October 9, 2020, it was awarded the title of the fourth batch of national ecological civilization construction demonstration cities and counties by the Ministry of ecological environment.

Historical evolution

Ninghua was called huangliandong in ancient times. In the second year of Qianfeng (667), it was established as a town. In the 13th year of Kaiyuan (725), it was upgraded to Huanglian county. In the first year of Tianbao (742), it was renamed Ninghua county with the meaning of "Ningjing Guihua". Ninghua county was peacefully liberated on October 21, 1949. The people's Government of Ninghua county was established in March 1950. In February 1959, Ninghua and Qingliu were merged into Qingning county. In 1961, they were divided into Qingliu and Ninghua counties. The Revolutionary Committee of Ninghua county was established in November 1968, and the people's Government of Ninghua county was restored in December 1980, under the jurisdiction of Sanming City.

In the second year of Qianfeng reign (667), Huanglian town was established by Huanglian cave. In the 13th year of Kaiyuan (725), it was promoted to county. In the first year of Tianbao (742), it was renamed Ninghua county. It belonged to Jianzhou, Tingzhou prefecture (linting county) and tingzhang road. During the second Civil Revolutionary War, Ninghua, pengpai and quanshangsu districts and counties were set up. On October 21, 1949, the people's Republic of China was peacefully liberated, belonging to Yong'an District, Longyan District, Sanming District (District) and Sanming City. From February 1959 to June 1961, Qingning county was merged with Qingliu County.

administrative division

In 1995, Ninghua County governed Cuijiang Town, Quanshang Town, Hucun Town, Jicun Township, Chengjiao Township, hengsuo Township, Hekou Township, Huaitu Township, Fangtian Township, Anle Township, Caofang Township, Zhiping Township, Zhongsha Township, Shuiqian Township, Anyuan Township, Helong Township, 5 neighborhood committees and 207 village committees.

On July 6, 2000, Zhiping township was abolished and Zhiping she township was established.

On September 13, 2012, the organizational system of Caofang township was abolished and Caofang town was established.

On August 9, 2013, Anyuan township was abolished and Anyuan town was established,

On December 17, 2014, Huaitu township was abolished and Huaitu town was established,

On August 17, 2015, the organizational system of Anle Township and Shuiqian town was abolished, and Anle town and Shuiqian town were established.

On November 27, 2018, the system of Chengjiao Township and Chengnan Township was abolished, and Chengjiao town and Chengnan town were established.

By October 2019, Ninghua county has jurisdiction over 11 towns and 5 townships: Cuijiang Town, Quanshang Town, Hucun Town, Shibi Town, Caofang Town, Anyuan Town, Huaitu Town, Anle town, Shuiqian Town, Chengjiao Town, Chengnan Town, Jicun Town, Fangtian Town, Zhiping she Township, Zhongsha Township and Helong township.

administrative division

By the end of 2019, the county has jurisdiction over 11 towns, 5 townships, 210 administrative villages and 15 neighborhood committees.

geographical environment

Location context

Ninghua is located at the eastern foot of the southern section of Wuyi Mountain on the border between Fujian and Jiangxi, with a total area of 2407.19 square kilometers. "Eight mountains and half water, one field, one road and one village". The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, with low mountains, hills and basins accounting for 96% of the total area. The 25 middle mountains above 1000 meters above sea level are mainly distributed in the main vein of Wuyi Mountain and two branches of Wuyi mountain crossing the county. There is no severe cold in winter and no severe heat in summer. The climate is mild and the rainfall is abundant.

topographic features

terrain

Ninghua is high in all directions and low in the middle. The terrain generally inclines from west to East. Due to the influence of many tectonic movements, the crust in Ninghua forms a "multi" shape complex landform. The southern section of Wuyishan Mountain winds through the western part of the county, with rolling mountains. The high mountains above 1300 meters above sea level, such as jigongdong mountain, Trojan mountain, Xuefeng mountain, Yashu mountain and Jinhua mountain, form the towering mountain belt of the western boundary, and three horizontal branches from north to South divide the territory into five different zonal landforms.

Geomorphic types

Anyuan valley basin in the North: Jinhua mountain, Xuefeng mountain, Yashu mountain and niugundong in the West; Sifang mountain in the north; fukienzhang in the South; zhangtiankou, Lianhua Mountain and Maanshan in the East, forming an independent valley basin. Rivers form their own systems and flow out of the basin. The valley profile formed by the east-west fault in Yingshang of the basin becomes the channel between the north of Ninghua and Jiangxi.

Northwest fold mountain belt: it starts from Donghua mountain, passes through qingjiangdong and fukienzhang to Taohuashan to enter Jianning, passes through the northwest of the county, and distributes in the whole area of Jicun and Helong townships and the north of Hekou, Zhongsha and Shuiqian townships.

The central depression zone is composed of Zhongsha Hekou fault zone, Hucun Caofang fault zone, Dianshang nee torsional compressive fault and Ninghua fault. Its west end is wide Hekou fault basin, east end is xinxianpai and ganmutan Intermountain small basin, northeast is Shuiqian fault basin, northeast connecting channel is straight gully profile on both sides, the center is Cuijiang terrace, landform is planation surface composed of hills with an altitude of 340-360 meters, hill top is widely distributed with a layer of gravel layer, 30-40 meters higher than the local river bed. This area contains all or most of Hekou, Huaitu, Cuijiang, Chengjiao, hengsuo, Zhongsha, Shuiqian, Hucun, Quanshang, etc. Hekou basin is composed of purple siltstone, with Danxia landform of Fangshan, Qifeng and Chibi. Shuiqian basin is a continental red silty structure, rich in calcium. After weathering, it forms a unique peak and wall, forming a magnificent pseudokarst landform.

Southern fold mountain belt: from jigongdong of Zhiping township to lianhuazhang via Daxing mountain, Ninghua fault and dingkengkou fault split in the middle, with nine peaks more than 1000 meters distributed among them, forming Zhiping and Fangtian fold mountain with Zhongshan as the main ridge, and southern mountain of Chengjiao, Hucun and Quanshang towns.

Southern low hills and fold Mountains: due to the southern mountain belt spreading in Caofang and Anle, it forms hills and mountains.

In addition to the above-mentioned zonal landforms, there are karst caves and landforms of carbonate rock structure in Hucun, Quanshang and Longdi. In the northeast of Quanshang, there are arc landforms protruding from the northeast. In the area of jigongdong on the north slope of Wuyishan Mountain, landslides are common.

climate

Ninghua county has a mid subtropical mountain climate, with an average annual temperature of 15-18 ℃, no severe heat in summer, no severe cold in winter, four months in spring, 214-248 frost free days, an average annual precipitation of 1700-1800 mm, and an average annual sunshine of 1757 hours, providing good natural conditions for the development of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry.

In the Triassic period (200 million years ago), Ninghua used to be a low latitude coastal area, which was obviously affected by the marine climate. Later, the crust of Fujian and Jiangxi was uplifted and uplifted due to several crustal tectonic movements, and the sea water retreated. Ninghua was more than 300 kilometers away from the coastline, and the continent degree reached 57.3 degrees. In addition, Daiyun mountain, bopingling mountain and Daimao mountain were located in the southeast, which hindered the Ocean monsoon circulation to a certain extent. The mountain terrain affected the local climate change in the territory, and had the characteristics of mountain climate.

hydrology

Ninghuaxi river is short, rapid, large drop, easy to rise and easy to retreat. It is a mountainous river. Since ancient times, the benefit of shipping is very small. In history, the total mileage of small wooden boats is only 67.6 km, the water resources reserve is 97000 kW, and there are 262 points for development and utilization. After all development and utilization, the installed capacity can reach 35500 kW, and the annual power generation can reach 13000 kW. Most of the streams and rivers originate in the territory and flow together or diverge out of the country. They belong to Minjiang River system, Hanjiang River system and Ganjiang River system, mainly Minjiang River system.

natural resources

Ninghua is the largest production base of flue-cured tobacco in Fujian Province and one of the eight major production bases of flue-cured tobacco in China. The quality of tobacco leaf is good, and it has been used in many famous brand cigarette formulations.

Ninghua, with 440000 mu of cultivated land, is a national and provincial commodity grain base county, with an annual output of more than 220 million kg of rice. Lotus seed, pepper, coix seed, tea, edible fungus, fruit, kiwi fruit, konjac and other agricultural and sideline local products have high yield and good quality. Among them, dried rat is one of the "eight dried" in Western Fujian, which is famous at home and abroad; Helong rice and Yanxiang tea were listed as tribute in history.

Ninghua is one of 56 key forest counties in South China. There are 2.6 million mu of woodland and 320000 mu of Moso Bamboo in the 2.79 million mu mountain area of the county, with the forest coverage rate of 73.4%. More than 100000 cubic meters of commercial timber can be provided every year. The mountainous soil is soft and fertile, suitable for cultivation of bamboo, tea fruit, medicinal materials and other economic crops. Bulk forest products include rosin, turpentine, Phyllostachys pubescens, dried bamboo shoots, Litsea cubeba, Auricularia auricula, Chinese herbal medicine, etc. Ninghua is rich in mineral resources. There are 33 kinds of proven mineral deposits, including tungsten, rare earth, tin, fluorite, limestone, kaolin and pyrite, with 116 ore occurrences. Among them, tungsten metal content reaches 300000 tons, wo < sub > 3 < / sub > average grade metal 0

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