Xingyang City, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province

Xingyang Xingyang city is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan Province, and a part of the western new town of Zhengzhou. During the Warring States period, South Korea built a city on the North Bank of Xingshui, named Xingyang. Xingyang is located at the boundary of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, with Luoyang in the west, Songshan Mountain in the south, Jiuqu Yellow River in the north, and Zhengzhou in the East. It is known as "the eastern capital belt and the throat of Sanqin". As of 2017, Xingyang city has a total area of 908 square kilometers, built-up area of 76.75 square kilometers (in 2019), permanent resident population of 626700, and urbanization rate of 55.43%. Xingyang is an important birthplace of Chinese culture. It has left the beautiful legend of Lei Zu, the wife of the Yellow Emperor, raising silkworms and reeling silk, and "teaching people's clothes". It unearthed the world's earliest silk fabrics, including the ancient human site of weaving machine cave, the late Shang Dynasty site of Guandi temple, and the Zhou Dynasty site of Niangniang village. It was named "the hometown of Chinese poetry culture", "the hometown of Chinese chess culture" by the Chinese Association for democracy "The hometown of Chinese Leizu culture" and "the inheritance base of Chinese Leizu culture".

In history, some famous figures emerged in Xingyang, such as Shen Buhai, the representative of Legalists in the Warring States period, Liu Yuxi and Zheng Qian, the literati in the Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin, the poet in the late Tang Dynasty, and Wang Bowen in the Song Dynasty.

In 2017, the GDP of Xingyang city was 67.940 billion yuan, the per capita GDP was 108905 yuan, the three industrial structure was 4.3:57.7:38.0; the investment in fixed assets was 59.960 billion yuan; the total retail sales of social consumer goods was 28.890 billion yuan; the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 30856 yuan; the per capita disposable income of rural residents was 18924 yuan.

It has been rated as national science and technology progress city and national health city. In October 2018, it was selected as one of the top 100 counties and cities with investment potential, top 100 counties and cities with green development, top 100 counties and cities with scientific and technological innovation, and top 100 counties and cities with new urbanization quality in 2018. In November 2018, it was selected as one of the top 100 industrial counties in 2018. In November 2018, it was selected into the top 100 of the overall well-off index of Chinese cities. In December 2018, it was selected as one of the top 100 county economic investment potential in China.

Historical evolution

Xingyang is formed by the division of Dongguo, Jing, Xingyang, Chenggao, Sishui, Xingze, Wutai, Heyin, Guangwu counties and regions in history. Its jurisdiction is in the west of Zhengzhou Central City, east of hulaoguan, north of Fuxi mountain in the east of Songshan mountain range, and south of Guangwu mountain in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. In this vast area, the land is fertile, the products are abundant, the people are outstanding, the mountains and rivers are beautiful, and there are dangerous passes such as Xingyang pass and Hulao pass, and famous mountains such as Guangwu mountain and chaku. Xingyang has a long history and splendid culture. It has been established as a county for more than 2200 years. It is a political important area and a military important town in the past dynasties.

Xingyang is a political important place in history. It has a gap in the East connecting Huaihe River and Sishui River, Mangshan Mountain in the north adjacent to the Yellow River, Suohe River in the South connecting Songshan Mountain, hulaoguan in the West connecting Luoyang and Chang'an. The terrain is dangerous and the transportation is convenient. It used to be an important place in history.

In 221 BC, after the first emperor of Qin unified the whole country and established the Qin Dynasty, Sanchuan county was set up, which governed Xingyang, Gong, Jing and other counties.

In the Western Han Dynasty, Sanchuan county was changed to Henan County, with jurisdiction over Xingyang, Chenggao (now Xingyang Sishui town), Guchi (now northwest of Zhengzhou), Mi County, Zhongmou, Xinzheng, Yuanling and other counties.

In 265, the first year of Taishi in the Western Jin Dynasty, Henan county was divided into Xingyang county.

In the Northern Wei Dynasty, the northern Yuzhou department was set up in Wulao (hulaoguan) and Xingyang county was set up.

After the Northern Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Northern Qi Dynasty, the northern Yuzhou, which was made up of Xingyang and its surrounding areas, was changed into Xingzhou, and its administrative office was located in Chenggao (wulaoguan and hulaoguan).

In 581, after the establishment of the Sui Dynasty by Yang Jian, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, the name of Xingzhou in the Northern Zhou Dynasty was changed to Zhengzhou, which governs Xingyang, Chenggao, MI, neimou (Zhongmou), Yuanling (now northeast of Xinzheng) and other counties. The government of Zhengzhou is still located in Chenggao (Hulao).

In the Tang Dynasty, the administrative structure of Zhengzhou changed. Its jurisdiction became Mi County, Sishui County, Xingyang County, Xingze county and Chenggao county. It was not until the seventh year of Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan reign in the Tang Dynasty (633) that the state capital of Zhengzhou moved from Chenggao to Guancheng.

In January 1949, the four districts of western Henan were reorganized into the Zhengzhou prefectural committee of the Communist Party of China and the Zhengzhou Office of the Commissioner (the predecessor of Kaifeng special district). They were moved from Dajindian of Dengfeng to Xingyang. They have jurisdiction over Xinzheng, Zheng county, Mi County, Dengfeng, Gong County, Xingyang and Chenggao. The office is located in Xingyang. Until February 1954, the CPC Zhengzhou prefectural committee and Zhengzhou Commissioner's office moved from Xingyang to Kaifeng, renamed Kaifeng special area.

Xingyang is an important military town in history. In the recorded history, Xingyang is a place for military strategists to fight: in the spring and Autumn period, Jin and Chu fought for supremacy and fought here; in 230 BC, after Qin destroyed Korea, in order to strengthen the control of the Central Plains, aocang was built at the foot of Guangwu mountain in Xingyang, where a large amount of grain was stored and heavy troops were stationed, making Xingyang a famous military town; 209 BC In, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang led a large army to besiege Xingyang, where they fought against the Qin army, and then Wu Guang died in Xingyang. During the Chu Han war, Xingyang was the center of contention, where Liu Bang and Xiang Yu fought for a long time and repeatedly, and finally divided the world by the gap. During the Three Kingdoms period, Liu Bei, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Lu Bu fought in hulaoguan (now Sishui Town, Xingyang city) in Xingyang It is the famous "three British war Lu Bu" in history. In the early Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin, the king of Qin, fought with Dou Jiande's separatist forces in hulaoguan and Niukouyu of Xingyang, defeated 100000 enemy troops with 3000 iron cavalry, forced Wang Shichong, who was in charge of Luoyang, to surrender to the Tang Dynasty, and laid the foundation for the unification of the Tang Dynasty. This is the famous "battle of Hulao" in history. In 1635, the peasant uprising of 73 battalions, including Gao Yingxiang and Zhang Xianzhong, took place in the end of Ming Dynasty The army gathered at Dahai temple in Xingyang. According to Li Zicheng's idea of "dividing forces into different directions", all kinds of volunteers attacked in all directions, creating a new period in which the peasant uprising became brilliant and the rule of Ming Dynasty began to collapse.

In history, Xingyang was the hub of water transportation and the center of grain storage. Dayu divided the river into a sewer in Xingze, diverting water to the southeast. Wang Hui of Wei Dynasty opened a gap in the north of Xingyang (xingkou), diverting the Yellow River water into Daliang through Pu Tian. The first emperor of Qin Dynasty dredged the gap between Huaihe River and Si River, and transported grain from the north and south of Huaihe River to aocang in Xingyang. Emperor Yang of the Sui dynasty built the Luohe, Huanghe and Bianhe rivers on a large scale. They were called Tongji canals, which connected the north and the South and the East and the West. They were the water transport hubs at that time. In the Tang Dynasty, the grain was transported to wukucang and heyincang, and then to Chang'an. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Bianhe river was regarded as the lifeblood of the country, and grain was transported to Bianliang by water. Xingyang was called Yunliang river. At that time, the economy of Xingyang was developed and the market was prosperous.

Xingyang is the most famous capital in the world. In 360 BC, the state of Wei in the Warring States period dug a gap in Xingyang, diverting the Yellow River from Xingyang to the southeast, converging with huaishui, Sishui, Jishui and Rushui, and connecting Xingyang with famous cities such as Chen (now Huaiyang) and Dingtao in Shandong, as well as Jianghuai area into a commercial trade network. The gap not only can be used for water transportation, but also can irrigate farmland. In the long-term historical development from the Warring States period to the Qin, Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties, it played a great role in promoting the economic development of Zhengzhou area. Xingyang, at the intersection of the Yellow River and the chasm, had a rapid rise in status after the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period because of its convenient land and water transportation. From the Western Han Dynasty to the Western Jin Dynasty and the Northern Wei Dynasty, Xingyang had been the place of county administration, and had jurisdiction over most areas of Zhengzhou and Kaifeng. At that time, Xingyang was not only the center of Zhengzhou, but also one of the political, economic and cultural centers of the Central Plains. This was the prosperous period of Xingyang. In the Western Han Dynasty, Nongsang Hongyang, the chief financial officer, listed Xingyang as one of the world's famous capitals, juxtaposed with Luoyang, Ji, Handan and other famous cities.

administrative division

By the end of 2019, Xingyang has jurisdiction over 9 towns, 3 townships and 2 sub district offices: Suohe street, Jingcheng road street, Chengguan Township, Gaocun Township, Jinzhai Township, qiaolou Town, Yulong Town, Guangwu Town, Wangcun Town, Sishui Town, Gaoshan Town, Liuhe Town, Cuimiao town and Jiayu town.

geographical environment

geographical position

The longitude and latitude of Xingyang city are 34 ° 36'05 "- 34 ° 58'01" n and 113 ° 09'36 "- 113 ° 28'48" E. Xingyang is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan Province. It is 15 kilometers away from the central city of Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan Province. It looks at Luoyang in the west, Songshan Mountain in the south, Jiuqu Yellow River in the north and Zhengzhou in the East. It is an important transportation hub city in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. It is located in the middle of Zhongyuan District and Shangjie District of Zhengzhou city. Jianshe Road, Zhongyuan Road, scientific Avenue, Longhai Road, national highway 310, Lianhuo expressway, Longhai railway, Zhengzhou Xi'an high speed railway, Zhengzhou subway, South to North Water Diversion and Zhengzhou Ring Expressway run through the whole city, forming a three-dimensional transportation network of railway, highway and aviation. It is adjacent to Zhengzhou high tech Development Zone, Zhengzhou University City and Zhengzhou Textile industry city. It is developing with Zhengzhou and receiving the radiation and drive of Zhengzhou.

Climate and environment

Xingyang has four distinct seasons in spring, summer, autumn and winter, belonging to the temperate monsoon arid climate. The average annual sunshine is 2322 hours, the maximum year is 2602 hours, and the minimum year is 2150 hours. The average annual temperature is 14.3 ℃ and the ground temperature is 16.7 ℃. The average annual frost free period is 222 days, and the average annual rainfall is 645.5 mm. The wind direction varies with seasons, with northwest wind in winter and spring, northeast wind in summer and autumn, and dry heat in mid and late May Wind, hail, frost and gale often occur once a few years.

The average annual precipitation of Xingyang city is 608.2 mm, and the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation is uneven. It is rainy in summer, and the three months of flood season from July to September account for about 65% of the precipitation. There is less rain and snow in winter.

natural resources

water resource

Xingyang is close to the Yellow River in the north, Suohe, Sihe and Kuhe in the middle, and south

Chinese PinYin : He Nan Sheng Zheng Zhou Shi Ying Yang Shi