Qitai County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Qitai County Qitai County is located in the northeast of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the north foot of Tianshan Mountain, the southeast edge of Junggar basin, 195 km west of Urumqi city. It is the border county of Changji Prefecture in Xinjiang. It has a state-level first-class port - ulastai port, which is open to Mongolia.

Qitai County, with a total area of 19300 square kilometers, governs 9 towns and 6 townships, and has Qitai central farm and BEITASHAN ranch of the Sixth Agricultural Division. The total population of the county is 240500 (in 2013), and ethnic minorities account for 25% of the total population. There is the only Tatar nationality township in China.

Qitai County has more than 20 kinds of mineral resources such as coal, granite, iron, gold, silver, copper, mirabilite, graphite, limestone, bentonite and perlite.

In 2012, the GDP of Qitai County was 8.524 billion yuan, an increase of 18.8% over 2011. In 2017, it won the title of "National Garden County".

Historical evolution

At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, the tribes of the northern and southern Xiongnu established 36 states side by side. In the fourth year of Yuanshou (119 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian sent an envoy to the western regions, and the tribal States began to exist in the Han Dynasty. In the sixth year of Yuanfeng (105 BC), Emperor Wu sent envoys to the western regions. At that time, the largest tribe in the western regions was Loulan on the South Tianshan Road and Cheshi on the North Tianshan Road. Qitai area was under the jurisdiction of Cheshi Houguo, and the tribes of northern Xiongnu were nomadic here. In the second year of emperor Xuandi's land Festival (68 BC), Zheng Ji broke the chariot division, and the king asked him to return to the chariot division. Then, Zheng Ji left ten officials and killed the king of chariot division, and sent another 300 officials and killed them to "divide the land to the chariot division to enrich it"; in the second year of shenjue of emperor Xuandi of Han Dynasty (60 BC), Zheng Ji again led his troops to the western regions and came to the chariot division in person, and the northern Xiongnu expelled the king Xianshan and led tens of thousands of horses to return to the Han Dynasty In the Han Dynasty, Duhufu was set up as the capital of the western regions.

At the beginning of the 7th century, after the Tang Dynasty unified the whole country, the rear area of Cheshi of the northern Xiongnu in the Han Dynasty was owned by the nomadic tribes of the eastern Turks.

In the 1920's, in the early years of Emperor Taizong's Wude, the East and West Turks sent envoys to Chang'an to play nine pieces of music. Therefore, 22 countries in the western regions paid tribute to the Tang Dynasty.

In the autumn of the ninth year of Wude (626 AD), Emperor Taizong made an alliance with the East Turks and made peace. In 629 ad, in the third year of Zhenguan reign of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, he ordered Li Jing to be commander-in-chief and led his troops to attack the eastern Turks in the north. The following summer, Li Daliang, the governor of Liangzhou, was appointed as the pacifying Ambassador of Northwest Road in Tang Dynasty to appease the Western Turkic tribes who had died in the western regions.

In the 13th year of Zhenguan (639 A.D.), 22 countries in the western regions were all subordinated to the Tang Dynasty. In the 14th year of Zhenguan (640 A.D.), a castle was built in the fertile area of pingchou, one hundred miles northwest of Jinpu city in the Han Dynasty, where Pu Lei county was set up, under the jurisdiction of Tingzhou.

At the end of the second year of Chang'an (702 A.D.) in the Tang Dynasty, Pu Lei county was also under the jurisdiction of Beiting capital. In the tenth year of Yue Dynasty, in the first year of Taiji (712 AD) of emperor Ruizong of Tang Dynasty, Beiting Duhufu was promoted to Beiting Duhufu; in the 21st year of Kaiyuan (733 AD) of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, Beiting Jiedushi was sent to Beiting.

In a few years after the sixth year of emperor Dezong's reign (790 AD), Uighur and Tubo tribes in the western regions fought endlessly. Beiting and Pu Lei were occupied by the Western Liao state of Qidan tribe.

In the fifth year of Wenzong (840 A.D.) in the late Tang Dynasty, a branch of Uighur from northern Turk moved to Beiting in the West and still submitted to the Tang Dynasty. Although it did not change the old rule of Beiting capital, it replaced the name of Beiting counties with the name of "BIE Shi Bali" in Turkic language.

In the 10th year of the second year of Zhongtong (1251-1261), the emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty set up "xingshangshu province" in Bishi Bali to manage the military and political affairs in the north and south of Tianshan. According to the administrative system after the founding of the Yuan Dynasty, "Shangshu province" was the decision-making department of military and political affairs.

In 1266 A.D., Kublai Khan, the first emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, abolished the "Bishi Bali Shangshu province" and set up the "Bishi Bali bureau" instead. He sent his lineal Royal descendants to the Beiting five cities of Bishi Bali to carry out the important task of military garrison and garrison in Shibian. As a result, a large number of Mongolian officials and herdsmen migrated to the Bishi Bali area.

In 1278 ad, Kublai Khan, the emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty, reappointed officers and granted Hufu to take charge of the five military stations of Beiting in Bali.

During the five years from the 18th year to the 22nd year of the Yuan Dynasty (1281 AD), the Yuan Dynasty accelerated the pace of development. First of all, it issued an imperial edict to promote qi gong to be the Assistant General of the state. It served as a marshal and a consolation envoy to the five cities of Beiting. In the first year of yuanchengzong Yuanzhen (1295 AD), it established the office of Marshal of Beiting, and sent zhongpingzhang to be marshal of Beiting, wearing a tiger amulet and connecting with the North Road of Tianshan Mountain .

In the 21st year of emperor Taizu of Yuan Dynasty (1229 AD), Genghis Khan granted the western regions to the lineal descendants. In 1269 A.D., the kings of the western regions held alliances in the Talas Valley, divided their spheres of influence, supported their troops and respected themselves, and were relatively independent of the central government of the Yuan Dynasty. In the third year of Dade (1290 A.D.), Chagatai Khan King Shubo returned to the center of the Yuan Dynasty, recognized his suzerain status, and paid tribute to the Yuan Dynasty, thus consolidating his status as the leader of the Khanate and stabilizing the power of the five cities of Beiting. In the seventh year of Emperor Shun Zhizheng in the late Yuan Dynasty (1347 AD), tuheilutishuer, a descendant of Chagatai Khanate, was the king of Khan, which was historically known as the eastern Chagatai Khanate. Aksu in southern Xinjiang was designated as the capital (winter capital) and Beiting as the companion (summer capital);

In the 13th year of Hongwu (1380 AD), Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, Pu Ying, the governor of the Ming Dynasty, was sent to lead the troops to the west to open the hameri (today's Hami) road as the starting point. Taking hameri as the foothold, he carried out the activities of consolation and appeasement.

In the second year of Yongle reign of emperor Chengzu of Ming Dynasty (1404 AD), anketimuer, the new heir to the throne of Hami, asked to be conferred the title of nobility.

In the 16th year of Yongle (1418 A.D.), waisihan King withdrew from the five cities of Beiting in balibali, moved the Ju nationality to the west, and moved to the East Chagatai Khanate to the Ili River Valley.

In 1699, the Qing government took measures to "garrison troops in Barkol to prevent Junggar". In the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727 AD), the Qing government "took Fu Erdan as the general of Jingyuan and stationed in Altay, and Yue Zhongqi as the general of Ningyuan and stationed in Balikun". Chen Bing, a frontier fortress, watched the movements of the Junggar tribes.

In 1754 A.D., the Qing government declared "the issue of conscripting Junggar for military use at home and abroad".

On September 25, 1949, Xinjiang was peacefully liberated. Qitai County was under the jurisdiction of Dihua special region. In 1954, it was under the jurisdiction of Dihua Commissioner's office of Xinjiang province. In May 1958, Qitai County was under the jurisdiction of Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture.

In 2013, Qitai County had 388 villager groups in 6 towns and 9 townships. Qitai Town, laoqitai Town, jibuku Town, Dongwan Town, banjiegou Town, Xidi Town, Biliuhe Township, xibeiwan Township, wumachang Township, kanerzi Township, qioren Township, sangezhuang Township, Gucheng Township, Tatar Township and Qihu township.

In 2014, the government of the autonomous region (No. 9 of the new policy letter) approved the cancellation of Biliuhe Township and the establishment of Biliuhe town; on October 20, the government of the autonomous region (No. 181 of the new policy letter) approved the cancellation of three Zhuangzi townships and the establishment of three Zhuangzi towns. So far, the county has jurisdiction over 8 towns and 7 townships (including 3 ethnic townships).

On January 9, 2016, the people's Government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region agreed to abolish the organizational system of xibeiwan Township in Qitai County and establish xibeiwan town.

administrative division

In 2019, it governs 9 towns and 6 townships: Qitai Town, laoqitai Town, banjiegou Town, jibuku Town, Dongwan Town, Xidi Town, Biliuhe Town, sangezhuangzi Town, xibeiwan Town, kanerzi Township, wumachang Township, Gucheng Township, qioren Township, Qihu Township and Tatar township.

geographical environment

Location context

Qitai County is located in the northeast of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the eastern enclave of Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, the east of jimusar county and the west of Mulei County. It is adjacent to Mulei Kazak Autonomous County in the East, Turpan City in the south, jimusar County in the west, Fuyun county and Qinghe County in the north, and the people's Republic of Mongolia in the north and East, with a border line of 131.47 km. Qitai County is 150 km from east to west and 250 km from south to north, with a total area of 19300 square kilometers. The geographical coordinates are 89 ° 13 ′ e to 91 ° 22 ′ E and 42 ° 25 ′ n to 45 ° 29 ′ n.

topographic features

Qitai County has a unique geographical environment from south to north, with complex and changeable topography. Its natural features include desert, Gobi, oasis, valley, grassland, forest, ice and snow. The southern mountainous area is characterized by high mountains, continuous meandering, snow peaks and glaciers towering into the clouds, boundless forests and grasslands, beautiful green valleys and streams, beautiful rivers and mountains, and natural scenery; the central plain is characterized by vast fields, crisscross fields, and pastoral scenery of northern China; there are many intact marine and terrestrial flora and fauna in the northern desert Gobi.

Tianshan Mountain in the South and Beita mountain in the north. The terrain is high in the north and south, low in the middle and saddle shaped. There are mountains, hills, plains and deserts. The highest point is the peak of wuwaiming mountain in the south, with an altitude of 4014 meters. The lowest point is the Qiuhe River in the center of the northern basin, with an altitude of 506m; the desert lies in the north and the Jiangjun Gobi lies in it; the Tianshan alluvial plain lies in the middle.

In the south of Qitai County is the Tianshan Mountains, east-west. Among them, there are salledaban, ZHAOBISHAN, Maanshan, songjiaqu, watershed and other mountain systems. The main peak of Mt. nameless is 4014 meters above sea level. The mountain contour line is 1600 meters. There is Beita mountain in the north of the county, which belongs to the Altai mountain system, with Southeast trend. The main peak, Atong Aobao, is 3290 meters above sea level, and the mountain contour line is more than 2000 meters.

hydrology

There are 12 rivers in Qitai County

Chinese PinYin : Xin Jiang Wei Wu Er Zi Zhi Qu Chang Ji Hui Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Qi Tai Xian